Recent Literature

Apr.'[ 251 1050 -•

RECENT LITERATURE

EDITED BY FRANK McKINNEY

ANATOMY AuB•, L. 1958. Magenta colour in feathers: a parallelism. Ibis, 100: 571-581.-- Nyctyornis amicta (Meropidae) and Chlamydera maculata (Ptilonorhynchidae) possessmagenta colored feathers on the crown and nuchal crest, respectively. While most non-iridescentpurple shadesare due to modificationsof the blue- producingTyndall histologicalarrangements, which are nnderlainby an opaque substratum,this magentadepends on media underlyinga transparentsubstratum. In both species,the color is of an "advertising nature"; magenta color in the two speciesis analagous,but not homologousin all details. In Nyctyornis,the magenta featherssuggest relationship with Coliidaeand Alcedinidae.The authorpresents a detailedhistological and cytologicalanalysis including illustrations.-J. W. H. HUMPHREY,P.S. 1958. The trachea of the Hawaiian Goose. Condor, 60: 303- 307.--Thefirst recorded account of thisstructure in this speciesis givenand in- volvesanatomical observations of the trachea,its muscles,bronchi, and syrinx. Comparisonsof vationsstructures (number of bronchialsemi-rings, muscle origins) are madeamong several species of Branta and Anser.--D.W. J. SELANI)gR,R. K. 1958. Age determinationand molt in the Boat-tailed Grackle. Condor,60: 355-376.--Thisdetailed work concerns principally characteristics used in determinationof agein Cassidixmexicanus prosopidicola. For juvenals,first- year,and adult birds of bothsexes, data are given on pterylography,molts, cranial ossification,size, bill length,weight, and iris color. Somecorrelations are drawn amongtestis regression, molt, and weightloss.--D. W. J. S•ZTH,N. 1958. Legcolor of the BlackpollWarbler in fall. Proc.Linnaean Soc. N.Y., Nos.66-70: 90.--Of 10 Blackpollskilled by strikinga building3 haddark (insteadof light) tarsi,but light toes.--E.E. VERHEVE•,R. 1958.A proposde la muedes remiges primaires. Gerfaut, 48 (2):101-114.--Describes, withdiagrams, the various methods of primarymolt, and thegroups, so far asstudied, in whicheach method prevails. Most birds, includ- ingall passetines, molt regularly fi'om the innermost primary outward; in limpkins, sungrebesand some rails, the opposite order of moltprevails; in theAnseriformes, flamingos,loons, grebes, jacanas and a fewothers there is simultaneousmolt; in Falconidaeand perhaps all parrotsthe molt starts with one of themiddle feathers andproceeds in bothdirections. Rare methods involve beginning with the innermostand outermost and proceeding towards the middle,or preceeding alternately,or having the molt relationship between adjacent pairs of feathers. Moltsystem isa usefulfeature in taxonomy,but, as it mayhave adaptive functions, Verheyenpoints out that it cannotbe usedalone, e.g., Anhinga, despite close relationshipwith the cormorants, differs from all other Pelecaniformes in having simultaneousmolt of primaries.(In French.)--E.E. VEanEVEN,R. 1958. Note sur l'absence dela cinqui&merdmige secondaire (dia- staraxle)dans certains groupes d'oiseaux r¢s et fossiles. Gerfaut, 48 (2): 157-166.--Ordersarelisted (with exceptional families or genera) in whichthe fifth secondaryispresent (entaxy) or absent(diastataxy); though in somenatural groups allied generadiffer, and occasionallythe sameindividual will have one wing diastataxicand the other entaxic. (In French.)--E.E. 252 RecentLiterature LVol.[- Auk76

BEHAVIOR BANCKE,P., and H. MEESENBUgG.1958. A studyof the displayof the Ruff (Philo. macbuspugnax (L.)), II. DanskOrn. Foren.Tidsskr., 52: 118-141.--Chieflyrelates to the time spenton the displaygrounds by the dominantand other males,with someinformation on hierarchy,fighting, etc. (In English.)--E.E. BLAC•gOP,O, J. L. 1958. Territoriality and breedingbehavior of a population of Blue Grouse in Montana. Condor, 60: 145-158.--A detailed study based upon territoriality of three distinctmales. Included in the paper are notationson wing notes,drumming, courtship, and otheraspects of breedingbehavior which generally elucidate relationshipsbetween the racial groups of Dendragapus obscurus.-- D.W.J. DAws,J. 1958. Singingbehavior and gonad cycle of the Rufous-sidedTowhee. Condor,60: 308-336.--Thislengthy paper correlatesevents in the gonad cyclewith singingbehavior of birds in central California. The height of the male gonad cyclewas in April, May, and June, whereasfemales were at a peak principally in May. Singingbegan at leastby Februaryand endedin early August. As nesting wasunderway in late April, singingwas at a high level. Furthermore,the beginning of singing correlated with an initial increasein the number of Leydig cells in early February. A decreasein singing in late July correlatedwith onset of molt and gonadalregression.--D. W. J. Gxa'g,s,J.M. 1958. FemaleGadwall returns to nestsite after lossof young. Condor, 60: 337-338. C,ooowiN, D. 1958. The existenceand causationof colour-preferencesin the pair- ings of feral and domesticpigeons. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 78: 136-139.--Obser- vationsof 732 pairs of domesticand feral ½olumbalivia indicatedsome mating preferencefor their own color type or thoseof their parents. This may be the result of the proximity of similarly colored relatives or imprinting on their parents--E. E. Gva'rMx•, N., and H. I. KxLiSI•. 1958. Experimentsin discrimination. Scientific American,198: 77-82.--Pigeons trained to peckat a disk when exposedto light of a particular wavelengthwere later exposedto light of other wavelengths.It was found that the rate at which the pigeonspecked was directly proportional to the closenessof the experimentalwavelength to the training wavelength. This relationshipexists even when light of a number of colorsother than the training coloris used. Pigeonspositively trained to one wavelengthand negativelytrained to anotherhave their responsesfollowing training shifted beyond the wavelength to whichthey were positively trained in the directionaway from the wavelength to which they were negativelytrained.-J. C. H. PALODAN,K. 1955. Somebehaviour patterns of Rissatridactyla. Vidensk.Medd. Dansk.Naturh, Foren., 117: 1-21.--A detailed study of variousaspects of Kittiwake breedingbehavior, compared with the Herring and LesserBlack-backed Gulls. (In English.)--E. E. t'eRD•CK,A.C. 1958. Gedragsstudievan de GroteJager. In Jaarverslagvan bet Vogeltrekstationover 1957. Limosa,31: 97-102.--Studiesin the pairingand copulatorybehavior of the Great Skua (Catharactaskua), illustrated by 11 drawings.(In Dutch;brief Englishsummary.)--E. E. Pou•E•, H. 1958. The callsof the Chaffinch(Fringilla coelebs L.) in Denmark. Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr., 52: 89-105.--The various vocalizationsare described and illustrated by sonograms,and their functions indicated. There are local Apr.'[•959-• RecentLiterature 253

dialectsnot only in the song but in the huit alarm call. Chaffinchesraised in isolationdo not give the full songnntil they have heard other malesand practised by counter-singing.A tape-recordingplayed outside a male'sterritory will evoke counter-singing;if played inside its territory the male will approach and will attack a stuffed Chaffinch. Sexual stimuli may inhibit song: a captive male stopssinging when seeinga female. (In English.)--E.E. SXOWE•L,R. F. 1958. Notes on the behaviour in captivity of the African Fish Eagle ½uncuma vocifer. Ibis, 100: 457-459. THOReE,W. H. 1958. The learning of song patterns by birds, with especial referenceto the songof the ChaffinchFringilla coelebs. Ibis, 100: 535-570.--An important paper reporting many facts which cannot be summarisedhere. The songof the Chaffinchis partly inherited,partly learned. It variesracially, and individualsmay renderup to six varietiesof the song. Captivity did not inhibit the drive to sing,but the onsetof songcould be controlledby crowding,illumina- tion,and injectedtestosterone propionate. If nestlingsare isolated,they eventually givea verysimple song--the inherited component of the specificsong. If isolated nestlingsare grouped together,they mutually stimulate each other to complex but specificallyatypical song. Wild young thus learn somesinging from their male parents,but developdetails of singingin competitionwith other territory holders.Song-dialects are createdand perpetuatedby mutualstimulation, copy- ing,and competitionin a limitedgroup of finches.Subsong is of low intensity but morecomplex than full song;it is characteristicof birdswith low but increas- ing productionof sex hormones.Chaffinches do not normallyimitate other species,but captivesmay learn notesor phrasesif theseresemble parts of the Chaffinchsong. A Chaffinchtends to replyto his neighbour'ssong with a similar one;the birdscopy each other and showespecially dose resemblance in the last phraseof the song. Whenan individualhas more than one song,each outburst consistsof a sequenceof one followedby a sequenceof another. Learningof songtakes place in the first13 months,with a peakin the last few weeksof this time,during which variety is achievedby competition.-J.w. H. T•NB•CgN,N. 1957.Defense by color. Scientific American, 197: 48-54.--A popular accountof therole of patternsof colorin thesurvival of preyanimals. Laboratory testswere made of the effectivenessof insect color patterns in reducingthe likelihoodthat a birdwould discover an insect.Protectively colored insects were overlookeda significant number of times.Laboratory experiments showed that spotsresembling the eye spots of insectwings were effective in frighteningbirds. Behaviorpatterns of insectsare suchas to increasethe survivalvalue of their color patterns.--J. C. H. WACN•, H. O. 1958. GemischteVogelverb•inde in Mexico, insbesonderedas Verhaltennordischer Zugv6gel. Zeitschrift ffir Tierpsychologie,15: 178-190.-- This paperdeals with the causationof winterflocking in birdswhich do not ordinarilyform flocks. Sedentary species form the coreof suchflocks and the biologicaladvantages of such behavior are discussed. (English summary).--W. C. D. W•SDMA•,U. 1958.Verhaltensstudien an der Stockente (Arias platyrhynchos L.) II. Versuchezur Aus16sung und Pragung der Nachfolge- und Anschlussreaktion. Zeitschriftffir Tierpsychologie, 15:277-300.--Critical experiments onthe following andflocking responses of 50 Mallardducklings are presented.The theoretical aspectsof imprintingare helpfully discussed.The readinessto follow can be suppressedby other drives, especiallythe escapedrive. Readinessto follow also 254 RecentLiterature LVol.[' Auk76

decreaseswith increasingage of the birds. It is suggestedthat the same basic responseis involved in both following and flocking behavior. The upper limit of the sensitiveperiod was found to be rather variable. The following of experiencedducklings differs somewhatfrom that of ducklingsfollowing for the first time. Experiencedducklings prefer the object hitherto followed and follow long after the sensitiveperiod. They also react to lesscomplete stimulus situa- tions, are less likely to lose their "parent," respond more quickly, and search for a lost "parent." All of thesechanges appear within the first half hour of following. There is no evidencethat imprintingcan occurinstantaneously. The "irreversibility" of imprinting was experimentedwith and discussed. Since imprinting is a type of learning the questionof the possiblereward is discussed. It is suggestedthat the act of followingmight be sufficientreward. (English summary.)--W. C. D. WmTERSKOV,K. 1958. Zum sozialenVerhalten Jagdfasans(Phasianus colchicus). Orn. Mitteil., 10: 84.--In Europeand North America,where winters are snowyand cold, unisexualgroups are the usualwinter aggregation.In New Zealand,where autumn and winter are mild, three-quartersof all pheasantsduring theseseasons were observedalone and only one-fifth in unisexualgroups, which averaged2-3 individuals. (In German.)--E. E. WOUDSTaA,D. 1958. Waarnemingenbij nesten van Waterral (Railus aquaticus) en Porceleinhoen (Porzana porzana). Limosa, 31: 28-31.--A Water Rail three times disturbed at the nest, when some concealing vegetation was cut for photography,removed the eggs to a new nest partly by rolling and partly by picking up the eggswith the bill. This processwas repeatedwhen the eggswere returned to the old nest. A SpottedCrake when disturbedfrom her nest always quickly returned, even while the author was touchingthe nest. (In Dutch; English summary.)--E.E. DISEASES AND PARASITES Gmc•.,G. D., JR.,E. L. TYSON,^ND E. B. CH.•MBtRLA•N,JR. 1956. An unexplained mortality of Canadageese in north Florida. Journ. Wildl. Mgt., 20: 330-331.- Reportssickness and death of a number of Canadageese in the vicinity of a 5-acrepond near Tallahassee, Florida, during February and March,1954. Causes of the mortalitywere not uncovered.Tests for CIostridiumbotuIinum were nega- tive. A dinoflagellate(Peridinium voIz 0 bloomand fowl cholerawere suggested as possiblecauses of the mortality.--R.F. L. J•.J•mNGS,A. R. ANDE. J. L. SouI.sBy.1958. Diseasein a colonyof Black-headed Gulls Larusridibundus. Ibis, 100:305--312.--One fungus, Aspergillus [umigatus, a virus (not identified),and two parasiticworms, DipIostomum spathaceum and Cryptocotylelingua were found to be prominentforms infesting the gullery. Heavylosses in nestlingsseem to resultfrom chilling;heavy parasitic burden is more than likely a contributing factor to deaths. The unidentified virus caused lesionson the websof the feet. Possiblyrelated viruses are discussed.-.T.W.H. V^s•L•.V,I.D. 1958. [Analgesoideamites--ectoparasites of birds of the Lake Srebrensknear the town of Silistra,Bulgaria.] ZoologicheskiiZhurnal, 37 (9): 1825--1338.--Mitesof 20 bird speciesfrom 8 familiesare treated. (In Russian; English summary.)--E.E. DISTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATED LISTS AL•mC}•,J. W., ^NDA. J. DUVALL.1958. Distributionand migrationof racesof the MourningDove. Condor,60: 108-128.--Anextensive study which summarizesthe Apr.•959a] RecentLiterature 255

current taxonomyand distributionof Zenaiduramacroura. Geographicvariation in measurementsand color are discussed,and five subspeciesare delimited: marginella,macroura, carolinensis, turturilla, and clarionensis. Ecological bounda- ries generallyseparate breeding races from one another,but there is extensive postbreedingwandering so that someraces may mingle with others in migration.--D. W. J. BAILEY,A.M. 1958. Birds of Midway and Laysan Islands. Museum Pictorial, No. 12: 1-130,many photos, I col. pl. DenverMus. Nat. Hist.--An accountof the speciesknown to occur. Three of the five endemicsbecame extinct in the past thirty-five years.--E.E. Btaz•Ncz, D.K. 1958. Summer observations on the birds of the Anatolian Plateau and northwestern Cilicia. Ibis, 100: 617-620.--Observationsmade in 1957 report speciespreviously unknown in the area (accordingto Wadley and Hollom) and add more informationon certain speciesmentioned by theseauthors. An itinerary and annotatedspecific list are provided.--J.W. H. Bz•Gz•, A.J. 1958. The Golden-winged--Blue-wingedWarbler complexin Michi. gan and the Great Lakesarea. Jack-PineWarbler, 36: 37-73.--The local distribution is given in detail of Vermivora chrysoptera,V. pinus, and their hybrids. The Blue-wingedWarbler has definitely been spreadingnorthward into the range of the Golden-wingedWarbler; and probablythe latter has alsobeen spreading north. In southeasternMichigan, the author found the largestconcentrations in tamarack-poisonsumac swamps, where both species"have invariablybeen found together." Elsewheresome observers report that the Blue-wingedWarbler tends to favordrier, more brushy,areas than the Golden-wing.--E.E. BoHI•,W. H., ANDS. P. GORDON.1958. A range extensionof Meleagrisgallopavo mexicana into Southeastern New Mexico. Condor, 60: 338-339. BUCKLEy,p.a. 1958. The birds of Baxter Creek, fall and winter of 1954. Proc. LinnaeanSoc. N.Y., Nos.66-70: 77-83.--Unusualbirds appearing in a temporary land-fill.--E. E. CARLETON,G. with collab. P. W. POSTAND E. J. WHELEN. 1958. The birds of Central and ProspectParks. Proc. Linnaean Soc. N.Y., Nos. 66-70: 1-60.- Annotatedlist of birds of two New York city parks,which have been meccas of bird observersduring migration periods for three-quartersof a century. Over 250 formshave been reported from eachof theseparks, although very few are breeders.--E. E. CHAMBERLAIN,E. B. 1958. Bachman's Warbler in South Carolina. Chat, 22: 73- 74, 77. COMMISSIEVOOR DE NEDERLANDSEAVIFAUNA. 1958. Naamlijst van de Nederlandse Vogelsoorten. Mededeling 1. Limosa, 31: 107-119.--A check-listof the 350 bird speciesrecorded from the Netherlands,giving technicaland Dutch names,and indicating which have bred since 1900. Subspecificnames are not indicated. (In Dutch; brief Englishsummary.)--E. E. Co•r•l•, B. D. 1958. Some additional bird observations in the Northern Pen• insula of Michigan. Jack-PineWarbler, 36: 150-153.--Recordsof-nesting of twenty species. CURRY-LINDAHL,K. 1958. [Zoogeography,population dynamicsand recent faunal changes.] Ymer, 1: 5-57.--The zoogeographyof the Scandinavianpeninsula, especiallythe presenceof the endemic leTTing, Lemmus lemmus,suggests that there was a glacialrefuge on the Norwegiancoast. This may also accountfor the restricteddistribution in Swedenof the woodpecker,Dendrocopus medius. [- Auk 256 RecentLiterature l.Vol. 76

Most Scandinavian birds entered after the glaciation from the south or the northeast. The northern invasion by certain lacustrine speciesmay be the result of gradual drying up of habitats in southeasternEurope. (In Swedish;English summaryand captionsto maps.)--E. E. CUmtY-LXNI)AUL,K. 1958. [Vertebratefauna of the Sarekmountains and the Padje- lanta plain in SwedishLapland I-II.] Fauna och Flora, 55:39-149.--104 species of birds. The hypothesisis supported that the Common Redpoll, Carduelis (Acanthis)flamrnea, after breeding in May in the coniferousforest, moves into the subalpinebelt in June with the young and producesa seconddutch. (In Swedish;English summary.)--E. E. Cu•rrs, E. 1958. Cattle Egret officially on S.C. list. Chat, 22: 68-69.--Bubulcus ibis collectedand nest and eggstaken on Drum Island, Charlestonharbor, South Carolina April 26, 1958. About 20 pairs.--E. E. DAWN,W. 1958. An anomalousBachman's Warbler. Atl. Nat., 18 (4): 229-232. --A maleseen and photographedin Charleston,S.C. April 26-June 2, 1958.--E.E. DI CARLO,E.O. 1958. Risultati di ricercheornitologiche sulle montagne d'Abruzzo. Part III Gruppo del Monte Terminillo--Altipiano di Leonessa,Anni 1948--1957. Riv. Ital. Orn., 28: 145-217.--Annotated list of the Mount Terminillo and Leonessa Plateau areasof Abruzzo,southern Italy.--E. E. D•xoN, K. L., ANI) W. B. DAvxs. 1958. Some additions to the avifauna of Guerrero, Mexico. Condor,60: 407.--Sevenspecies are mentioned. EASTMAN,W. 1958. Ten yearsearch for the Ivory-billedWoodpecker. Atl. Nat., 18: 216-228.--On the basisof reportsinvestigated from severalareas in Florida and easternTexas the author believesthat a few pairs still survive.--E.E. EISEN•.tANN,E. 1958. Corrigendato "The Speciesof Middle American Birds" (Trans. LinnaeanSoc. N.Y. vol. 7, 1955). Proc. LinnaeanSoc. N.Y., nos.66-70: unnumbered separate sheet. FARN•R,D. S. 1958. A breedingpopulation of Zonotrichialeucophrys garnbelii in the northernCascade Mountains of Washington.Condor, 60: 196. FUGGLES-CoUCHMAN,N. R. 1958. Notesfrom Tanganyika. Ibis, 100: 449-451.- Fifteenspecies are discussed.Extensions of the rangesas givenby Mackworth- Praedcomprise most of this paper.-J. W. H. GI•ROUI)ET,P. 1958. Apercusornithologiques sur la Yougoslavie.Nos Oiseaux, 24: 184-193,213-220, 257-263, 260-272.--Observations on the birdsof Jugoslavia. G•LES,L. W., ANDB. H. GRABB.1958. SnowyPlover nesting on LowerKlamath Refuge,Siskiyou Gounty, Galifornia. Gondor,60: 192. HAMILTON,W. J. II[. 1958. Pelagicbirds observed on a North Pacificcrossing. Gondor,60: 150-164.--Fourteenspecies are mentioned,and somecorrelations are drawnbetween occurrence and water temperature.--D. W. J. HARPER,F. 1958. Birdsof the UngavaPeninsula. Univ. KansasMus. Nat. Hist., Misc.Publ. 17: 1-171. 6 pls. 26 maps. $2.--Anannotated list of the 84 species observedby the authoror on whichhe obtainedunpublished data. His studies weremade from May to October1953, chiefly in thesouthern and central portions •-of this,•as'oarea•of•stern Canada, which he defines as including all of Labrador andthree-quarters of the provinceof Quebec.--E.E. ROBINS,C.R. 1958. Observationsonoceanic birds in theGulf of Panama.Gondor, 60: 300-302.--Observationsweremade in mid-July,induded fifteen species.-- D. W. j. SCriMre,F. 1958. Notesfrom DorchesterGounty, Maryland. Atl. Nat., 15: 257- 258.--Breedingrecords; also first Lark Buntingtaken in Maryland.--E.E. Apr.'l•9•o-s RecentLiterature 257

Sa'•W•,RT, R. E. 1958. Distribution of the Black Duck. irish and Wildlife Circ. 51: 1-7; maps.--Distributionand population densities.--E.E. VOLSOE,H. 1955. The breedingbirds of the CanaryIslands II. Origin and history of the Canarian avifauna. Viderisk. Medd. Dansk. Naturh. iroren., II7: 117-178.- The discussionof various insular trends, apparently applicable to other insular avifaunas,is of generalinterest. (In English.)--E.E. WE•, R. 1958. On Pinkfoot changesin the Netherlands. Limosa, 8I: 120-128.- Changesin statusof Anser b•achyrhynchus.--E.E. W•sx•a•, J.D. 1958. irurtherornithological notes from Zacatecas,Mexico. Wilson Bull, 70: 24•-256.--The geographyand vegetationof the area are describedin detail. Sixty-threespecies were identified and noteson eachare presented-J.T. T. W•t,L•,MS, L., K. Iama, and ir. S. L. W•tJ.$•,MSON.1958. Breeding of the Parula Warbler at Point Lobos, California. Condor, 60: $45-$54.--This is a report of the first recordednesting of this specieswest of the Rocky Mountains. Two nests were found in festoons of a lichen, an environmental feature which resembles "Spanishmoss" and another speciesof lichen commonlyused as a nest site by this warbler in its normal range in the easternU. S.--D. W. J.

I•.COLOGY AND POPULATION BATrs,H. L., JR. 1958. The distribution and population of nesting birds on a farm in southern Michigan. Jack-Pine Warbler, 86: 151-149.--A 64 acre area, includingwoods, marsh and fieldswas studiedfor almostfour years. 54 species nested;habitat preferences,numbers, breeding success, arrival and departuredates, and other data are given for each species.--E.E. Bos•N•a, K. 1958. Geschlechtverh•iltnisund Sterblichkeit der Nestlinge beim Haussperling (Passer domesticusL.). Orn. Mittell., 10: 86-88.--Sex ratio and mortality in nestlingHouse Sparrows, studied five years. (In German.)--E.E. BOYD,H. 1958. The survivalof %rhite-frontedGeese (Anseralbi[rons flavirostris Dalgety & Scott) ringed in Greenland. Dansk Orn. iroren. Tidsskr., 52: 1-8.- Lossesin first yearafter bandingwere computed as 46 per centin first year birds, 34 per cent in adults. Of 171 recovered,4 were between8-9 yearsold. The indication is that pre-breedersin their secondand third winters return to the winter hauntsof their parents,rather than dispersing.--E.E. HOO•RI•i)E, J., and C. 1958. Het aantal Eidereenden(Somateria mollissima) bq Vlieland. Limosa,81: 151-155.--TheCommon Eider 1957 population in Vlie- land,the Netherlands, was estimated as at least12,000; sex ratio, 1 to 1; oneyear old birds,between 1500-2000; nests, about 3000. (In Dutch;English summary.)--

L•vm•sti)•, R. 1958. The bird population on the Free State Goldfields. Ostrich, 29: 107-109.--Artificialevaporation dams in the South African goldfieldshave createda newhabitat, particularly for ducksand waders.--E.E. M•t•R, O. G. 1958. Die Entwicklungder Seevogelkolonieauf Trischen in den Jahren1956/57. Orn. Mitteil., I0: 101-104.--Changesin a sea-birdcolony (con- sistingchiefly of four speciesof ternsand threeof gulls)on a sandyhabitat in northernGermany. Habitat and population changes are treated. (In German.)--

P•g•ex, S., and W. K•s•. ]958. Versuchezur Steigerungder Siedlungsdichte h6hlen-und freibrfitenderVogelarten und ern•ihrungsbiologischeUntersuchungen an Nestlingeneiniger Singvogelartenin einem Schadgebietdes Eichenwicklers (Tottrix viridana L.) im Osten yon irrankfurt am Main. Biol. Abhand., 15/16: 258 RecentLiterature I.[-Vol. Auk76

1-52.--In a 75 acre test plot of forestnear Frankfurt, Germany,by providing nest boxesand other nest facilities the breeding bird population was increasedfrom 158 broodsin 1951 to 1026 in 1956. 7976 nestlingsof ten passerinespecies were provided with neck collars to check the food brought them during an outbreak of the oak moth (Tortrix); a major part of the food consistedof somestage of this insect. (In German; English, French and Russiansummaries.)--E. E. S•DW•TZ,W. 1958. Six years (1947-1952)nesting of Gadwall (Anas strepera) on Jones Beach, Long Island, N.Y. Proc. Linnaean Soc. N.Y., Nos. 66-7•): 61-70. S•DW•TZ,W. 1958. Five year count of the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) on westernLong Island. Proc. Linnaean Soc.N.Y., Nos. 66-7•): 71-76. So•s•E,J. F. 1958. Nordostpolderbewoners,10e bericht; broedseizonen1953 t/m 1957. Limosa, 31: 133-151.--Tenth annual report of changesin breeding birds and their habitats since the filling of the North-East Polder, the Netherlands. (In Dutch; English summary.)--E. E. TEN KAY, C. G.B. 1958. De Broedvogelsvan Oosteli]k Flevolandin 1957. Limosa, 31: 31-43.--Changesresulting from drainagein the breedingbirds of an area in the Netherlands. (In Dutch; English summary.)--E. E. WryLy, M. W., B. H. W•NGF•L•, and J. B. Low. 1958. Effectsof habitat deterio- ration on bird populationsof a small Utah marsh. Condor, 6•): 220-226.--Due to drought conditions, the vegetation of a small marsh deteriorated materially, and over a period of five yearsa coincidentreduction in bird populationswas recorded. Duck populationsdropped from 6.6 to 2.7 nestsper acre and most coloniesof wading birds disappeared.--D.W. J. W•N•AN•, V. 1958. Zum Problemdes vorzeitigen Sterbes yon ]ungen GreifvGgeln und Eulen. Vogelwarte,19: 186-191.--Onthe problemof the prematuredeath of young hawks and owls. The author calls "Cainism" the tendencyof the older nestlingto kill and devour a youngersibling. He discussesthe Europeanspecies in which this has been noted, and concludesthat this behavioris significantin population dynamicsby improving the chancesthat the older nestlingwill get enough food to survive.--E. E.

EVOLUTION AND GENETICS B•a•a•s,W. E., C. P. A•N, and T. W. M•a•N. 1957. The B bloodgroup system of chickens.I. Heterozygosit?in closedpopulations. Genetics, 42: 631-648. C•RN•, H. R., and W. L. W•R•ovse. 1958. Sex reversal and abnormal sex ratios in the domesticfowl. Journ. Heredity,49: 102, 106. Co•, R.K. 1957. Congenitalloco in turkeys. Journ. Heredity, 48: 173-175. M•tUc•vs•¾, A.S. 1958. On the biologicalraces of the Common Cuckoo,Cuculus canorusL. on the territoryof the Europea•tpart of the USSR.Zool. Zh., 37: 87-95.-- "Biologicalraces" of the Cuckoolaying certain typesof eggsand favoringparticu- lar speciesas hostsdo not excludeeach other geographically,though they appear to have different centersof distribution and often occupy different biotopesor concentratenear the nestsof different bird species. (In Russian; short English summary.)--E.E. MorgaN, W. 1958. White pheasantsamong Ring-necked Pheasants in SouthDakota. Wilson Bull., 7•): 281-284.--A white male Phasianuscolchicus, reared artificially, appearedto be homozygousrecessive, since white F• offspringappeared in the expectedratio. The incidenceand possiblefuture of white pheasantsare discussed.-J. T. T. Apr.']•9•9.• RecentLiterature 259

NEWCOMER,E.H. 1957. The mitotic chromosomesof the domesticfowl. Journ. Heredity,45: 227-234.--"Themitotic chromosomecomplement of the domestic fowl apparentlyconsists of 12 chromosomesin the male and 11 in the female." POOL•,H. K., and M. W. OLSEN. 1957. The sexof parthenogeneticturkey embryos. Journ.Heredity, 45: 217-218.--Thegonads of 67 parthenogeneticturkey embryos were all found to be male.-J. c. H. RABOR,D. S., and A. L. RAND. 1958. Jungle and domesticfowl, Gallus gallus, in the Philippines. Condor,60: 138-139. R•PLE¾,S.D. 1957. Commentson the West Indian Honeycreeperor Bananaquit from Grenada and its near relative on St. Vincent. Evolution, 11: 445-448.--A new collectionof 28 specimensof Coereba]taveola aterrima from Grenadasup- ports the view that a lighter coloredphenotype occurs at both endsof the island whereit interbreedsfreely with a darkerphenotype which occursthroughout the island. This situation is thought to representa caseof balancedpolymorphism in the two isolatedmixed populations.-J. C. H. S•DNES, G. C. 1957. Fertility and viability in intergenericpheasant hybrids. Evolution, 11: 426-.444.--Dataare presentedof the resultsobtained in crossesbe- tween the generaGallus, Phasianus,Syrmaticus, and Chrysolophus.Viable young were obtained in crossesof Phasianuswith each of the other genera. It is suggestedthat Gallus separatedoff first from the Phasiansgroup followedappreciably later by Syrmaticus,and soonafterwards by Chrysolophus.--J.C. H. SAVILE,D. B.O. 1958. The loon wing. Evolution,12: 263. YONHA^RTMAN, L. 1957. Adaptation in hole-nestingbirds. Evolution, 11: 339- 347.--Adaptationsto the hole-nestinghabit are influencedchiefly by the safetyof thesesites and the competition for them. Territorial behavior is centered at the nest-holeand beginsonly after males find a hole. The males demonstratedthe nesting-holeduring courtshipdisplay. The safetyof nesting-holeshas led to a number of adaptations:frequent polygamy,hissiDg notes, lack of cryptic coloring of eggs, large clutch size, and slow development of eggs and young. These adaptationsexist in direct proportion to the length of time a specieshas had the hole-nestinghabit. Hole-nestingspecies tend to have more subspecieswhich is correlated with the fact that they have larger clutches and are more often non- migratory.-J. c. H. WILCOX, F. H., .]R., and R. K. COLE. 1957. The inheritance of differences in the lysozymelevel of hen'segg white. Genetics,42: 264-272. WILCOX, F. W. 1958. Studies on the inheritance of coloboma of the iris in the domesticfowl. Journ. Heredity, 49: 107-110.

GENERAL BIOLOGY

BROWN,L.H. 1958. The breeding of the Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterustuber at Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony. Ibis, 100: 388-420.--Observationswere made of over 13,000pairs of Greater Flamingosbreeding in coloniesin East Africa where the speciesrarely is known to breed. Under general observationsand breeding biology the following topicsare discussed:numbers; food, feeding and need for water; voice; display, developmentof colonies from display grounds; mating; nests and eggs; incubation period; young; behavior of adults with young; mortality; predation; breeding success.-J.w. H. DICKERMAN,g,. W. 1958. The nest and eggsof the White-throated Flycatcher. Condor, 60: 259-260. I' Auk 260 RecentLiterature LVol.76

EATOn,S. W. 1958. A liœehistory study of the LouisianaWaterthrush. Wilson Bull., 70: 211-236.--Activitiesof Seiurusmotewilla before and during the breeding season,as observedin central New York State, are describedand also compared with thoseof the related Ovenbird (S. aurocapillus). Plumagevariation, nesting activitiesand success,development of fledglings,and food habits through the year are included.--J.T. T. I•R•TSCI•,L. E., and I. O. Buss. 1958. Food of the American Merganserin Unakwik Inlet, Alaska. Condor, 60:410-411. G•t•v•, K. 1958. Zum Freibrfitender Haussperlinge(Passer domesticus) und des Feldsperlings(passer montanus) aus Neuwerk. Orn. Mitteil., 10: 176.--In 1958 at Neuwerk,Germany, many nestsof HouseSparrows and one of the European Tree Sparrowwere found in the open on treesor shrubs,rather than in the usual holes and crannies.--E. E. G•toss,A.O. 1958. Life historyof the Bananaquitof TobagoIsland. Wilson Bull., 70: 257-279.--The nestingand feedinghabits of Coerebafiaveola luteola on a West Indian island are describedin detail. These birds are very commonand tame, nest close to ht•man activities, and frequently eat sugar or sweetenedliquids suppliedby man.-J. T. T. H•M, R. 1958. Gew611eyon Waldkausen (Strix aluco) aus dem Westerwald und yon Schleiereulen(Tyto alba) aus Bonn. Orn. Mitteil., 10: 141-147.--Ananalysis of the prey of the Tawny Owl and Barn Owl in Germany,based on their pellets. (In German.)--E. E. HuMPI•P.•¾, P.S., and R. E. P•r•r,s. 1958. The odor of the Crested Auklet. Condor, 60: 258-259. Johnson,A. W., F. B•, and W. 1• M•r•. 1958. The South American Flamingos. Condor, 60: 289-299.--Animportant contribution to scantyknowledge of three endemic species:Phoenicoparrus jamesi, P. andinus, and Phoenicopte•uschilensis. Herein is describedthe first discoveryof the nestsof ]amesi, these being located in a remote mixed colony of 3,000 other flamingosin Bolivia. Much new information on habits, movements and distribution in the Andes of Northern Chile and Bolivia is presentedas the result of five weeksafield. In spite of repeated nest depredationsby local people,the numbersof thesebirds have not appreci- ably declined.-D. W. J. K.•sPAgSO•,G. R. 1958. [Feeding habits of some diurnal predatory birds in Latvian SSR.] Zool. Zh., 37: 1389-1396. (In Russian;short English summary; tablesgive technicalnames of prey species.) KP.assowsK¾, L. N., and G. A. T•to•sK¾. 1958. [Somepeculiarities of the autumnal feeding of the Black and Wood-Grousein the northern Ural in the year of the failure of the berries.] Zool. Zh., 37: 1416-1417. (In Russian;English summary.) LAcI•g, R. 1958. Rotrfickenwfirger (Lanius collurio) jagd Schnecken. Orn. Mittell., 10: 195-197.--Red~backedShrike feeding on snails,with mention of other snail-eatingpasserines, and photos. (In German.)--E.E. Lau•R, G. 1958. Ungew6hnlicherBiotop der Sumpfohreule(Asio fiammeus) in USA. Orn. Mittell., 10: 176.--Short-earedOwls roosting in trees in winter near Detroit, Michigan. (In German.)--E.E. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION A•a•, P.F. 1956. A systemfor evaluatingcoastal marshes as duck winter range. Journ.Wildl. Mgt., 20: 247-252.--Describesa system of evaluatingthe quality of winter duck habitat in marsheson the Gulf Coast; the systemis based upon the Apr.•oso•• RecentLiterature 261

ecologicalrelationships of the coastalmarsh plants and the valueof the marsh plantsas duckfoods. The systemis similarto a qualitativeclassification of range for livestock. The classificationof marshesfor ducksis basedon the percentagecomposition of the importantfood plants of ducks,plus allowable percentagesof secondary food plants. Noteworthyis the factthat ducksfind their greatestfood supplyamong plants which are low in the successionalscale in coastal marshes.--R. F. L. BERG,P.F. 1956. A studyof waterfowlbroods in easternMontana with special referenceto movementsand the relationshipof reservoirfencing to production. Journ. Wildl. Mgt., 20: 253-262.--Thisstudy in 1953-54was basedon a sample of 12 fenced and 12 unfenced (control) ponds. Average size of the 24 ponds was2.12 surface acres at high water level. Unstablewater levelsappeared to limit the establishmentand maintenanceof emergent vegetation; thus, the effectsof fencing on vegetativegrowth could not be determined. Nor were conclusions reachedon the effectsof fencing on brood production. Individuals of 40 broods were marked in 1954 to clarify movementsbetween 44 selectedreservoirs. Nine marked broods moved overland a mean distance of 0.71 miles, and the individual broodsoccupied between two and four ponds; movementswere generally from small to larger ponds, and from ponds with greater water loss to those with less water loss. Observationsof 16 marked "resident"broods indicated that larger ponds,with emergentvegetation and low water loss,provided the best brood habitat.--R. F. L. BLASK,T. H., and .l.S. Asa. 1956. Marker for game birds. Journ. Wildl. Mgt., 20: 328-330.--Describesa plastic back-tab used to mark upland game birds (in England) for individual recognitionat distancesup to 100 yards with binoculars or telescope.--R.F. L. CRA•GaEAD,J. J., and D. S. StOCKSTAD.1956. A colored neckband for marking birds. Journ. Wildl. Mgt., 20: 331-332.--Describesa simple, strap-like neckband for marking Canada geese;the neckbandis looped abont the bird's neck and is securedwith a jesseknot.--R. F. L. GEUaKES,G. A. 1956. Shrub lespedezaas a quail management plant in south- easternVirginia. Journ. WildL Mgt., 20: 239--242.--Todetermine whether shrub lespedezaplantings tend to increasequail populationsin southeasternVirginia, from four to eight border strips of bicolor lespedezatotaling 1-acrewere planted on each of 15 objectivelyselected farms in 15 different countiesduring the fall of 1948. There were no untreated farms studied for comparisons,but data on quail population trends were obtained through selectedhunter-cooperators. The findings for the 5-year period, 1949--53,showed that the quail populationson the farms where the lespedezaplantings were made followed the same gradual, declining trend as did the population elsewherein southeasternVirginia. It is concludedthat lespedezaplantings did not increasequail populations. Records from 10,083houxs of hunting during 1949-53 showedthat an averageof 0.74 coveyswere locatedand 0.93 quail were killed per hour afield; the averagesex ratio was 115.7males per 100 females,and the proportionof juvenileswas 81.6 per cent.--R. F. L. HAMMOS•, M. C., and W. R. FORWAP.•.1956. Experiments on causesof duck nest predation. Journ.Wildl. Mgt., 20: 243-247.--Testsshowed that (l) tracksor trails of the observerdid not causesignificant increases in lossesof nests to predators, (2) activitiesof the observerdid not causean increasein the rate of nest desertion, exceptduring egg-layingstages, (3) nestmarkers and trails of the observercaused 262 RecentLiterature tVol.[- Auk76

an increasein nest lossesdue to trampling by livestock,and (4) the deposition of feces on the nests by hens that were flushed by the observermay have caused an increasein the lossesof nests to predators. Authors concludedthat "... the energiesdevoted to studies aimed at measuring moderate differencesin waterfowl nesting successfrom year to year, between localities, or between habitats would be more wiselydiverted to other lines of endeavorif the method of study involves approachingnests and flushingducks from them."--R. F. L. STEEL,P. E., P. D. DALKE,and E.G. BIZEAU.1956. Duck product/onat Gray's Lake, Idaho, 1949-1951. Journ. Wildl. Mgt., 20: 279-285. Emergentvegetation covers90 per cent of the marsh; hardstembulrush is the dominant emergent plant. The breeding population on the marsh was estimatedat 15,000ducks in 1949,12,000 in 1950,and 10,000in 1951. Mallardsand plntails comprisedabout 50 per centof the total breedingpopulation for the three years. Nest densities for marsh and upland siteswere 47, 39, and 15 nestsper 100 habitat acresfor 1949,1950, and 1951,respectively. Nest dens/ties were highest near the largest, continuousbody of openwater on the marsh. Nestsuccess of all duckspecies averagedapproximately 70 per cent for the three years;egg hatchabilltyin successfulnests was 88 per cent.--R. F. L. W•ST•SKOV,K. 1956. Agedetermination and datingnesting events in the willow ptarmigan. Journ. Wildl. Mgt., 20: 274-279.--Presentsa referencechart, based on findingsfrom Norway,for datingnesting events of the willow ptarmigan, Lagopuslagopus; chart shows (1) dateof firstegg, (2) dateof onsetof incubation, (3) dateof hatching,(4) rate of primarywing molt, and (5) ageof youngat openingof huntingseason. Willow ptarmigan retain the outermosttwo wing primariesduring the first year. Findingsshowed that egg laying occurred between May 18 and.[uly 13, the meanclutch size from 129nests was 9.5 eggs,the egg- layingrate was 1.1 days per egg, and themean incubation period was 21 days. These findingsappear to correspondto Canadianand Alaskanconditions. Methodsof distinguishingadults from youngand of determiningthe age of ptarmigan chicks are also discussed. R.F.L.

MIGRATION AND ORIENTATION ANONYMOUS.1958. Banded birds reported and traced.Jour. Brit. GuianaMus. andZoo, 18:10-1 l.--Seven Common Terns banded in Mass.or LongIsland, N.Y., wereall takenin BritishGuiana the winteror springfollowing their banding.-- E.E. CHAMBERLAIN,B. R. 1958. EveningGrosbeaks fly southagain. Chat,22: 51-54.- The unprecedentedirruption of 1957-58,which reached Alabama, Georgia and coastal South Carolina.--E. E. DRosx,R. 1958. 13betdie Ansiedlungyon jung ins Binnenlandverfrachteten Silbermowen(Larus argentatus). Vogelwarte, 19: 169-173.--Discusses thedispersal of young Herring Gulls transportedfrom the North Sea to the zoo in Frankfurt am Main and allowedto fly free.--E. E. Enm,G. 1958.Zum einflug der Dreizenenm6weim Sp/itwinter 1957 nach West- deutschlandVogelwelt, 79: 9-14.--On an incursionof theKittiwake (Rissa tri. dactyla)into western Germany in Februaryand March 1957. (In German.)--E.E. GAP,ONm-M•VW•N, D., and J. MuP,XAY. 1958.A searchfor springmigrants in the westernPyrenees 1957. Ibis, 100:31•-318.--The authors observed migration for threeweeks in March and April in the westernPyrenees, Spain. Speciesand RecentLiterature 263

numbers of birds seen are given, and weather in relation to migration is discussed.-J.W. H. HAaI•ER,J.E. 1958. Diurnal rhythmsin the animal kingdom. Biol. Rev., 88: l- 52.--The possessionby migratory birds of "internal clocks,"which enable them to orient by the position of the sun or the stars is of specialinterest. This paper usefully reviewsthe time senseas found throughout the animal kingdom. This in most speciesis based on the diurnal rhythm of light and darkness,which affectsthe internal metabolismof the animal and keepsit in phasewith the environment.--E. E. Koranore,J. A. F. 1958. Her Zwarte Meet (Rayon-West). Limosa, 81: 1-17.- Report on bird banding in the Zwarte-Meer Reserve, Netherlands. Eelbaskets wereparticularly effective in capturingrails. (In Dutch;English summary.)--E. E. KUM^m,E. 1958. Visible migration in the East Baltic area. Ibis, I00: 508-514.- Data is discussedon movements,migration pathways, flocking, and numbersof variousspecies, mostly water birds. Informationwas gleanedfrom systematic investigationin recentyears, with workbeing organized and coordinatedby the Baltic Commissionfor the Studyof Bird Migration.-J. W. H. L^cI•,D. 1958. The return and departureof swifts,,1pus apus at Oxford. Ibis, 100:477-502.--Six years of studyhave produced information on migratorybehavior andits relationshipto weather,mating, breeding, development of youngand food supply. Springarrival wasdelayed with a coldnortherly airstream. The normal datefor thereturn of swiftsin Mayhas been evolved through the advantageof layingeggs near the endof the third weekof May. Coldweather in May can reduceclutch size or inhibit breedingaltogether until warm weather. Lack's thesisthat timeof breedingseason is governedby needof foodsupply for the youngmay be modifiedto includethe needfor enoughfood for the femaleat the timeof laying. Membersof thesame pair usuallyarrived and departed in migrationon different days. Time of departurein falldepends on when breeding startedand hence on theweather in May. Parentsdelayed departure for a few daysafter the young left, apparently togain fat. Whenweather was bad in July thisdelay was longer; in oneyear it waslonger with parents of largerthan average broods.In finesummers one parent may depart before the young. Adults whose eggsfailed to hatchleft earlier than successful breeders. Non-breeding yearlings departedthe latest. Weather depression and mist may delay departure. After theirmates departed, some swifts "kept company" with other individuals.-J. W. H. MEP,KEL, F.W. 1958. Untersuchungenzurkunstlichen Beeinflussung derAktivit/it gek/ifigterZugv6gel. Vogelwarte, 19: 178-185.--The effect on "Zugunruhe" (migra- toryrestlessness) of administration of Thyroxin,Insulin, Methylthiouracil, ultra- violetlight, and DOCA (Desoxycorticosteronacetate).--E.E. Owe.m, J. 1958. Autumn migration in southwestPortugal, 1957. Ibis, I00: 515- 588.--Aparty of sixobservers recorded migration and related weather phenomena fromAugust 28 to September25, 1957,at CapeSt. Vincent,south west Portugal. Species,numbers, direction and time of migration,and fluctuation of intensityof movementsare discussed.A northwesterlywind encouragedmigration, a south- easterlyor easterlyone discouraged it. A coldfront in the Pyreneesseemed to block migration of small nocturnallymoving pasesrinesinto the area. All birds noteddeparting from the Capeflew south or southeast,out to sea.-J.w. H. PERDECK,A. C. 1958. Two typesof orientationin migratingStarlings, Sturnus vulgarisL., and Chaffinches,FrlngiIIa coelebs L., as revealedby displacementex- periments.Ardea, 46: 1-87.--Starlingscaptured during fall migrationand dis- [- Auk 264 Recent Literature I.Vol. 76

placedmany miles to theeast yielded 354 recoveries. Adults and juveniles held differentcourses after displacement.No significantdifferences were found in situationswhere juveniles and adults were released together or separately.Adults had a tendencyto returneventually to the originalarea, whereas the juveniles had a cleartendency to remainin the areareached after their displacement.A similarexperiment was conducted with Chaffinches.The results,although more meagerthan those obtained with Starlings, suggest the same phenomena.--W. C. D. SCHMmT-KOENXG,K. 1958. ExperimentelleEinflussnahme auf die 24-Stunden-Peri- odik bei Breiftaubenund derenAuswirkungen unter besondererBeriicksichtignng desHeimfindeverm6gens. Zeitschrift fiir Tierpsychologie,15: $01-339.--Thisis a reporton an experimentdealing with the problemof bird orientationtowards a distantgoal regardless of its direction. Resultsshow more accurate orientation amongthe pigeonswith their lofts towardthe north than amongthose having to fly towardsthe south. This is consistentwith directionaldifferences found previouslyin southeasternU.S. A. as well as in Germany. (Englishsummary). W. C. D. VAUE,G. 1958. Massensterbenyon Zugv6gelnim April 1958auf der Insel Helgo- land. Orn. Mittell., 10: 181-183.--Massdeath of migrantsin April on Helgoland, apparently from starvation.--E. E. voN S•aNToPAuL,U. 1958. Neue experimentelleErgibnisse iiber Fernorientierung der Tiere. Vogelwarte,19: 19•-198.--Areview of recentexperiments by various workerson distantorientation by animals,with usefulliterature references.--E. E. WmtaAMSON,K. 1958. Autumn immigrationof RedwingsTurdus musicusinto Fair Isle. Ibis, 100: 582-604.--The migrationsof two races at Fair Isle are compared.Continental Redwings (musicus) usually appear at Fair Isle with easterlyor southeasterlywinds, most prevalent in earlyOctober. Icelandic birds (coburn0 generally arrive in October,but at timesof cyclonicwesterly or north- westerlywinds. If thetwo races respond alike to weatherat the timeof departure andduring the journey, then certain movements containing a largerthan normal numberof Icelandicbirds must originate in southernGreenland, the flockshaving previouslycrossed Demnark Strait from Iceland in dear weatherwith light easterly winds.-J. w. H. PHYSIOLOGY JoI-I•STO•,D.W. 1958. Sexand agecharacters and salivaryglands of the Chimney Swift. Condor, 60: 73-84.--Although no external dlmorphic characterswere discovered,it was possibleto distinguishyearlings by the absenceof molt in the fall plus their relativelylarge unossifiedskull "windows." Salivaryglands were weighed and sectioned,thus indicating that these glands follow a seasonal recrudescencesimilar to the gonads. It is suggestedthat the enlargementof the salivaryglands is under the joint controlof testosterone,thyroxine, and hormone(s) from the pituitary giand.--D. W. J. KATO, Y., AND F. Moo(;. 1958. Difference in responseof phosphatasesin chick embryo to injection of substrate. Science,127: 812-813. MA.•W•J•L,G. 1958. Respiratory propertiesof the hemoglobinof two speciesof diving birds. Science,127: 705-706.---Studieswere made of the blood of the Western Grebe (•lechmophorusoccidentalis) and the White-winged Scoter (OidemiadeglandO. It wasfound that the propertiesof the hemoglobinsof these birdswere essentiallyidentical to thoseof other birds.--J.G. H. MEWAIa•T,L. R. 1958. Pterylographyand natural and experimentally induced Apr.•9•9a• RecentLiterature 265

molt in Clark's Nutcracker. Condor, 60: 165-187.--A significant and detailed study of pterylographyin about 500 specimens.Generally, pterylography and molt were quite similar to those in Aphelocomacoerulescens and some other speciesof Coryidac. By increasingthe photoperiodto 16 hours a posmuptial-like molt was induced in December and January whereas the controls on a normal photoperioddid not molt until March and April. Plumage differences,weight of bursaof Fabricius,and measurementsare expressedfor the variousage groups and sexes.--D.W. J. ROB•.SON,R. H., AND P. J. SCHAmL•. 1958. Zinc requirement of the chick. Science, 127: 875. SF•AL,S. J. 1957. Responseof Weaver Finch to chorionicgonadotrophin and hypophysialleuteinizing hormone. Science,126: 1242-1245.--Human chorionic gonadotrophinselicited the depositionof pigment in regeneratingfeathers of Weaver Finchesof both sexes.-J. C. H. vsN Dr.g Hr•M, H. J., •No T. H. J. Hu•sMSN. 1958. The two hemoglobin com- ponentsof the chicken. Science,127: 762. TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY ABSOTT,J.M. 1958. Hybrid White-crownedx White-throated Sparrow. Atl. Nat., 13: 258-259.--FortBelvoir, Virginia, Jan. 5, 1958. BOCK,W.J. 1958. A genericreview of the plovers (Charadriinae,Aves). Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool., 118, no. 2: 27-97.--Theplovers are reducedto a subfamily, in which the Vanellinaeare merged;the 32 generaand 61 speciesof Peters' Check-listbecome 6 generaand 51 species.The major consolidationis in the lapwings,where the 19 generarecognized by Petersbecome one, Vanellus;as a result,the specificname of Rogibyxtricolor has to be changedto V. macropterus 0Naglet). Six small genera (includingEupoda) are mergedin Charadrius,and Squatarola(as well as the monotypicPluviorhynchus of New Zeland)disappears in Pluvialis. Bockstrongly condemns Lowe's anatomical and phylogenetictreat- ment of the plovers. He persuasivelyargues that the chiefskull charactersrelied on by Loweto distinguishSquatarola from Pluvialis,Leucopoliu• from Charadrius, and his Charadriinaefrom Vanellinae,are essentiallyaspects of the degreeof ossificationof the preorbitalrim, whichdepends upon the sizeof the salt gland, which in turn reflectsthe salinityof the environmentin which the bird lives. While the degreeof ossificationvaries with age,lack of ossificationof the pre- orbitalarea in adultsis not,as Lowe contended, an indicationof phylogenetically primitivecharacter, but ratherof life in a highlysaline environment.--E. E. PLdTN•CK,R. 1958. Posici6nsistemStica del g•nero"Psilorhamphus" (Rhinocrypti- dae, Passeriformes).Physis, 21, no. 60, 130-136. (In Spanish,with Englishsum- mary.)--Psilorhamphusguttatu• (M•n•tri•s) found in woodedregions from southeasternB•tzil to Misiones,Argentina, on the basisof external characters has been listed uncertainlyin the Formicariidae,with suggestionsfor transfer to the Troglodytidae,or the Sylviidae(near Rarnphocaenus).Dissection of two specimensshows a trachealsyrinx, and a four-notchedsternum, generally similar to thoseof Scytalopus.The genusis placedin the familyRhinocryptidae. PRecocity, A. 1958. The status of Erernornela turneri van Someten and the descriptionof a new race from the Belgian Congo. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 78: 146-148.--Erernornelaturneri found to be syrupatticwith E. badiceps,of which it has been regarded as a subspecies.A new subspeciesE. turneri kalindei describedfrom the Belgian Congo.--E.E. [' Auk 266 RecentLiterature LVol.76

RIPLEY,S. D. ANDD. S. RABOR. 1958. Columba vitiensis anthracina (Hachisuka), a reconsideration. Gondor, 60: 192-193. S•n, G. J., ANnG. A. RANGER.1958. A contribution to the biology of the Gape Province White-eyes (Zosterops), Ibis, 100: 319--333.--Theranges of two forms of White-eye (Z. atmorii,grey-bellied, and virens,green-bellied) overlap geographically and ecologically. Their current status as speciesis obviouslyincorrect; basedon many examplesof mixed pairs breeding,mixed flocks,like behavior and voice,their statusas color morphsof the samespecies is thoroughlyestab- lished. White eggshave been found only in nestsof paired grey-belliedindi- viduals. Youngof mixedpairs are either all of the grey-belliedtype or all of the green-belliedtype. Z. pallida, a third form of more arid parts of the province is similar in habits to the aboveforms, and differsin tonal quality of voice. It is not knownto interbreedwith other white-eyes.--J.W. H. SLVn, P. 1958. Observations on the Nightingale Wren in Gosta Rica. Gondor, 60: 243-251.--Basedupon a behavioralstudy questions relating to the systematics of this form are reopened. Of principal importanceis the observationthat Costa Rican birds (presumablyof the samesubspecies) have two differentsong groups. -D. w.j. V•tm•, C. 1958. Remarks on some Corvidae of Indo-Malaya and the Australian region. Amer. Mus. Novitates,1915:13 pp.--Spedesof Corvusreviewed are enca, typicus, fiorensis, kubaryi, validus, woodfordi, coronoides, bennetti, and orru. ½. enca mangoli is describedas new from Sula Mangoli. A monotypicgenus (GazzolaBonaparte _• NesocoraxRiley) is rejectedfor ½. typicus. Formsusually consideredfull species,here reducedto subspecies,are ½. enca unicolor and ½. wood[o*'dimeeki. The type specimenof ½. difficilis Stresemannis consideredto be "a form of coronoides,probably a subadultor perhapsan aberrantspecimen," or possiblya coronoidesx bennetti hybrid.--K. C. P.

Voicesof African Birds.--Recordedby MylesE. W. North. 1958. 33-1/3 RPM. 12-inchvinylite record Laboratory of Ornithology,Cornell Univ. CornellUniversity Records,124 RobertsPlace, Ithaca, N.Y. Price, $7.75. This recordgives the songsand callsof 42 speciesheard in Kenya. The recordjacket gives the locality, latitudeand longitude,and the monthwhen the noteswere taped. This data is valuable, for most of the speciesinvolved have a much wider African distribution than Kenya.--E. EISENMANN.

An Eveningin SapsuckerWoods.--Produced by P. P. Kelloggand A. A. Allen. 1958. 33-1/3 RPM. 10-inchvinylite record. Laboratoryof Ornithology,Cornell University. Cornell UniversityRecords, 124 RobertsPlace, Ithaca, N.Y. Price, .e?1.95.Songs or callsof 27 speciesof birdsand five amphibians inhabiting a wooded researchcenter and sanctuaryat Cornell University in central New York.--E. EISENMANN.