Goodmorning Starshine. the Earth Says Hello!”

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Goodmorning Starshine. the Earth Says Hello!” MEDIEFAG INSTITUT FOR KOMMUNIKATION RENDSBURGGADE 14 9000 AALBORG ”Goodmorning Starshine. The Earth Says Hello!” Tim Burton anset som auteur ud fra brug af mise-en-scène igennem hans værker Emma Krogh Knudsen, mediefag, 7. semester Martin G. Lindved, mediefag, 7. Semester Antal anslag: 94.525 (normalsider: 39,3) Vejleder/eksaminator: Jørgen Riber Christensen og Torben Ditlevsen ”Goodmorning Starshine. The Earth Says Hello!” K. Knudsen, G. Lindved Indholdsfortegnelse Indledning ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Arbejdsmetode ................................................................................................................................... 5 Historisk baggrund for definitionen af auteur-begrebet .......................................................... 6 Mise-en-scène ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Setting ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Skuespillere ................................................................................................................................................ 10 Lyssætning .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Komposition ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Elementer fra Gibbs ................................................................................................................................. 13 Den ansvarlige for mise-en-scène .......................................................................................................... 14 Carnivalesque og Burtons to verdener ................................................................................................ 14 Egen teori i overensstemmelse med auteurteori og mise-en-scène ................................................ 16 Analyse ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Tim Burton og typecasting ..................................................................................................................... 17 Burtons ensemble ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Karakterer i Burtons film ....................................................................................................................... 19 Kendetegn i Burtons værker .................................................................................................................. 21 Striber og spiraler i Burtons film .......................................................................................................... 29 Spiraler skabt ved brug af placering i mise-en-scène: ...................................................................... 31 Mise-en-scène brugt til at anvise forskel mellem norm og det groteske i de tre film ................. 33 Grotesk-indstilling og norm-indstilling i Edward Scissorhands ........................................................ 34 Grotesk-indstilling og norm-indstilling i Charlie and the Chocolate Factory .............................. 37 Grotesk-indstilling og norm-indstilling i Pee-wee’s Big Adventure .................................................. 39 Symmetri og diagonale linjer benyttet i komposition set i de tre film .......................................... 41 Symmetri og diagonale linjer benyttet i Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ................................ 42 Symmetri og diagonale linjer benyttet i Pee-wee’s Big Adventure ................................................... 47 Symmetri og diagonale linjer benyttet i Edward Scissorhands .......................................................... 50 Delkonklusion ............................................................................................................................................ 55 Konklusion ....................................................................................................................................... 56 Referencer ........................................................................................................................................ 60 2 ”Goodmorning Starshine. The Earth Says Hello!” K. Knudsen, G. Lindved Indledning I begyndelsen af filmhistorien var filminstruktøren ikke anerkendt som at være den vigtigste drivkraft bag skabelsen af en film. Det var i stedet for manuskriptforfatteren som blev anset for at være den vigtigste faktor til denne skabelse. Dette var forståelsen grundet at instruktører tidligt, ifølge Urban Gad, kun var ansvarlige for at lave filmen ud fra det skrevne manuskript idet, at filmkunsten endnu ikke havde samme status som den senere ville få. Samtidig havde Benjamin Christensen den holdning, at der skulle være sammenfald mellem instruktør og manuskriptforfatter. Dette vil altså sige, at disse to roller skulle være besat af den samme person og derfor, at samme person filmede hvad de skrev. Således kunne instruktøren tilføre værket sin egen personlighed og have komplet ophavsret til filmen (set i Christensen & Christiansen, 2016b). Derfor er forståelsen at der tidligt var forskellige opfattelser af ejermanden bag filmen. I forlængelse til dette mente Carl Th. Dreyer, at en instruktørs stil ville være afspejlet i værket uanset ophavsret til den oprindelige kilde filmen blev baseret på. Instruktørens personlighed ville altså bemærkes hvis den var særlig (set i Christensen & Christiansen, 2016b). Der kan så i forlængelse til Dreyer drages paralleller til filmanmelder Alexandre Astruc som i sit essay La Camera Stylo bemærkede at der efter Anden Verdenskrig var begyndt en tendens i film hvor kameraet blev sammenlignet til en forfatters pen. Ud fra dette essay beskrev den franske filminstruktør Francois Truffaut i sit eget essay, Une certaine tendance du cinéma, sin mening om hvad han mener der kræves af en instruktør: manuskript og instruktion skal udføres af samme mand og værket skal være originalt. Således kan en gennemgående stil genkendes og forbindes til filmens skaber idet at det er denne type instruktør som betegnes som en auteur. Vi har til dette projekt derfor taget udgangspunkt i den amerikanske filminstruktør, Tim Burton. Interessant for Burton er, at han har en genkendelig stil i sine værker på trods af, at han for det første ikke har skrevet manuskriptet på nogle af sine instruerede film, hvoraf der er 18, og for det andet hyppigt har lavet filmatiseringer. Idet Burton ikke har skrevet nogle af manuskripterne til sine film, er han altså ikke i overensstemmelse med den klassiske forståelse af en auteur. Til dette projekt ønsker vi derfor at påvise, at på trods af at Burton ikke har skrevet nogle af sine værker, stadig kan betegnes som at være en auteur på baggrund af hans visuelle stil. Denne visuelle stil vil blive refereret til som mise-en-scène. Ud fra ovenstående har vi derfor valgt at tage udgangspunkt i Burtons værker, med særligt henblik på hans mise-en-scène. Herunder har vi valgt at have hovedfokus på henholdsvis Pee-wee’s Big Adventure (Burton, 1985b), Edward Scissorhands (Burton, 3 ”Goodmorning Starshine. The Earth Says Hello!” K. Knudsen, G. Lindved 1990b) og Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (Burton, 2005b), idet vi mener, at de hver især repræsenterer Burtons stil på forskellige måder, som vi kan drage nytte af i forbindelse til påvisningen af ovenstående hypotese. Dette vil blive indledt i en gennemgang af den historiske baggrund for auteur-begrebet samt definitionen af mise-en-scène, som heraf vil føre til en løsningsmodel i form af en sammensat teori. Herefter vil en analyse hvor fællesnævnere mellem hans film vil blive gennemgået. 4 ”Goodmorning Starshine. The Earth Says Hello!” K. Knudsen, G. Lindved Arbejdsmetode Til dette projekt blev der foretaget diverse forberedelser med formålet om at kunne give et godt indblik i Tim Burtons univers, som derved kunne forudsætte en forbedret proces for projektskrivning. Først og fremmest var ønsket at skabe et overblik over hvilke værker der skulle tages udgangspunkt i. Her blev alle Burton film, hvor han er registreret som instruktør, udvalgt. Dette blev gjort før noget akademisk research blev iværksat grundet prioritering. Idet at hovedfokus til dette projekt har været Tim Burton som auteur og hvordan dette er afspejlet i hans brug af mise-en-scène blev registreringsmetode taget i brug, hvor google docs blev omdrejningspunktet. Her blev der givetvis registreret observationer og iagttagelser af kendetegn i Burtons værker, som skulle indgå gennem projektet. Overordnende kendetegn blev heriblandt karakterer, genre, temaer, lyssætning, farver fra Burtons værker, samt hans brug af skuespillere og hans ensemble. Hertil blev der i fællesskab set filmene Pee-wee’s Big Adventure, Edward Scissorhands og Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, som fungerer som de tre hovedfilm i projektet. Dette blev gjort med formålet om at fokusere på fællestræk i filmenes mise-en-scène og for verbalt at kunne udveksle tanker og observationer, som om muligt kunne inddrages i projektet. I forbindelse med dette blev der formet teorien om, at der
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