Riding the Hybrid HVAC Wave Laina Forcey 16 Graphics & Design Manager [email protected]

Riding the Hybrid HVAC Wave Laina Forcey 16 Graphics & Design Manager Laina@Macsw.Org

Mobile Air Conditioning Society (MACS) Worldwide

Andrew Fiffi ck Chairman & CEO [email protected] Elvis Hoff pauir President & Editor-In-Chief [email protected] Steve Schaeber Technical Editor [email protected] FEATURES Marion Posen VP Sales & Marketing [email protected] Riding the hybrid HVAC wave Laina Forcey 16 Graphics & Design Manager [email protected]

Corporate Offi ces Hybrid & electric vehicle air condi- Mail To: P.O. Box 88, Lansdale, PA 19446 1166 tioning compressor hardware, power Ship To: 225 S. Broad St., Lansdale, PA 19446 Phone: (215) 631-7020 •Fax: (215) 631-7017 20 controls & diagnostics E-mail: [email protected] June 2019, Volume 19, Number 5 ACtion magazine is published eight times per COLUMNS year by the Mobile Air Conditioning Society (MACS) Worldwide, 225 S. Broad Street, Lans- Outlook — Andrew Fifﬁ ck 6 dale, PA 19446. While MACS Worldwide takes reasonable steps to make sure that the information reported in Service Port — Steve Schaeber 8 ACtion is accurate, errors can still occur. The accuracy of all information contained in ACtion should therefore be independently evaluated by Leonard’s Law — Keith Leonard, Esq. 10 the reader. Since conditions of its use are outside of the control of MACS Worldwide, MACS World- 2200 wide assumes no liability for the use of such in- Virtual View — Angie Kilbourne 12 formation or any damages incurred through its use or application. Nothing contained in such information is to be construed as contractual or Last Watch — Elvis Hoffpauir 30 provide some form of warranty on the part of MACS Worldwide. The opinions expressed in guest editorials are not necessarily endorsed by MACS Worldwide. MACS Worldwide is not responsible for any claims made in or by advertisements or press releases pub- DEPARTMENTS lished in ACtion. All company names, products and product Cooling Corner 14 names, emblems, logos, images, trademarks, service marks and trade dress appearing in this magazine are the property of their respective Industry News 24 owners and are protected under federal laws of 3300 the United States and international agreements. Unauthorized use is prohibited. The ACtion logo By the numbers 25 and MACS globe emblem are property of MACS Worldwide. Our cover photo is courtesy Association News 26 of General Motors Reproduction of contents without permission is and features a 2019 prohibited. Send requests for permission to copy New Products and Services 28 or reprint to [email protected] or to ACtion Chevrolet Bolt. Magazine, Box 88, Lansdale, PA 19446.

Non-member subscription rates: one year (seven MACS Affi liates: issues) – U.S. $25; Canada/Mexico $40; interna- Mobile Air Conditioning Society Mission Statement tional surface $45; international air $55. To be the recognized global authority for the mobile air conditioning and heat transfer industry by: Send subscription mail, including address chang- • Providing training and education for the mobile air conditioning and heat transfer industry. es, to ACtion, P.O. Box 88, Lansdale, PA 19446 or • Providing a forum for exchange of trade information on a regional, national and international basis. [email protected]. • Facilitating business between all segments of the industry. • Providing information on legislative and regulatory initiatives that aff ect the industry and advocating For advertising contact Marion Posen: for the industry to legislative bodies. [email protected] or 215-631-7020 x304. H.G. Roebuck & Son, Inc. 4987 Mercantile Road Baltimore, MD 21236

www.macsw.org macsworldwide.wordpress.com 2004-12 IAMA Awards ISSN 1949-3436 Winner 4 ACTION • June 2019 HELPING TECHNICIANS WORK SMARTER – NOT HARDER

SMARTwww.servicesolutions.mahle.com TECHNOLOGY

Ergonomic, hinged cabbineinnet doorooo and intuitive user interrfacfaface simmpliplp fy service and user exxpexp riencennccee.

AAutomamatictiticc,,p pererme maananennt wireless ssoftwaware updup ateteess, ensennssuuring you LED lightt inndicd atees statatattusu visviv iblibblle aalwayss hhavve thhhe lateseesst features. from anywyywhherheerre in thee worw kskshshopp,, easily nootifififyiyiing techchnniciaaan off completedt d seserviice.

RRemote ccontntrt olol viviaia smartrtphop nne/tabletett apappap * (iOSO and AnA drooid)idid prp oviv desded verveersats ilel opperaeeratiotti n. (*nootit inclncclludeu d wwith ACX22120120H)

ACX2280 / ACX2250 / ACX2180H Andy Fiffi ck The future is coming, whether you like it or not

his issue of MACS ACTION™ magazine is devoted to editorial high- T lighting hybrid, electric and alternative fuel vehicles. Whenever we discuss these technologies, the prospect of where they will take us in the future comes to mind. Here we are coming up on the year 2020. Where are the flying cars we watched with glee on The Jetsons and dreamed of piloting?

Well, if you listen to certain entrepreneurs, such as Elon Musk, some of those dreams may come true sooner than we expect. In a recent presentation to Tesla investors, it was reported Musk discussed Tesla having the best manufactured full self-driving computer to propel its owners to relinquish their place behind the steering wheel in favor of letting the car do all the work of navigation and transportation. Musk told his investors he felt this would happen by 2020, a very ambitious prediction.

Over the years, I have read Musk’s proposals with both amusement and amazement. While many of his ideas sound unbelievable and impractical, I admire a person who keeps coming up with the incredible. If you’ve seen his Spacex rockets launch and then land on a target, well, Jetsons, here we come.

Embracing hybrid and electric vehicle technology is important for all automotive service and repair shops. We must attend the training, learn the relevant information and understand the safety aspects of working on these cars. One way to get started is to take a break and read the excellent articles in this issue of MACS ACTION™ magazine from Dr. Mark Quarto of Quarto Technical Services and Dave Hobbs of Delphi Technologies. Both of these subject experts contributed feature articles I think you’ll find worth the investment of your time.

It’s time to plug-in and connect to the future. ❆

Andy Fiffick [email protected]

6 ACTION • June 2019 Honeywell Solstice® yf (R-1234yf) is as easy to use as R-134a, R-1234yf, performs just as well, and is now available in small, easy to use service cans. R-1234yf is now used in more than 40 million cars,and Now Available that number is expected to surpass 60 million by the end of 2018. It’s likely you’ll soon be asked to service one of these new A/C systems. in Service Cans Be ready! Visit www.1234yftraining.com for technician training videos.

Learn more at honeywell-refrigerants.com.

Refrigerants Available at:

Steve Schaeber ast month I surveyed a few of our most far away (from me) Europe: R-134a has not been allowed in new vehicles since 1/1/17, members, to fi nd out how (and if) R-1234yf is being used which means that (other than a few low volume Daimler and VW/Audi in their part of the world. What I found was expected in models that use CO / R-744), all new models have been fi lled with R- L 2 some cases, but in others, quite shocking. Here’s the report: 1234yf. Although R-134a is still available for workshops to service the Australia: Interestingly, yf is quite rare here and cars we know existing fl eet, with import quotas being tightly regulated, prices have been to have it are not labelled (Peugeot and Citroën). Recent examples and going up. One shop in England reports working on 5 yf vehicles for every some very surprising inclusions: Hyundai Kona Electric, Tesla Model 24 with R-134a, mainly Audi, Citroën, Ford, Hyundai, Peugeot and Volvo. S, BMW M50d, Holden Commodore (new German imported version), Guatemala: Slowly but surely, yf is making its way down through Holden (GMC) Acadia, Hyundai i30 Fastback N, Land Rover Discov- Central America, and we’ve been told that MY2016 Fiat 500s and many ery, and Volvo XC40 - all use R-134a. Despite having offi cially entered Hondas (Civics and CR-Vs ranging from 2015 through 2019) are being the HFC phasedown, there’s no requirement or incentive yet for vehicle imported from the US with yf. One MACS member shop has also ser- manufacturers to send models here with R-1234yf. The Holdens are most viced yf vehicles that came in from El Salvador. Others include the Cadil- astounding, especially the Commodore, as it’s built in a yf market with a lac Escalade, Chevy Camaro, Jeep Cherokee and Grand Cherokee. tiny volume shipped to Australia and they’ve gone to the trouble of using Japan: Toyota is the only domestic OEM that’s using R-1234yf at a different refrigerant. this point, and they only just started installing it in 2019 model year Lexus Belize: A select few have made their way across the Jewel, including a and Toyota vehicles. Lexus uses it in the fi fth generation LS and LS hybrid 2015 Ram and 2017 Jeep, although gas supplies are not yet readily avail- models, as well as their seventh generation ES. Meanwhile, Toyota cools able domestically. their Crown and Crown hybrid (Gen15), Century (Gen3), Corolla sport (E210) and Corolla sport hybrid (Gen1) models with R-1234yf. Honda and Mitsubishi at this point are still watching the market to see when they OEM and Aftermarket will use the gas in the future. Vehicles imported into Japan with yf include the Fiat 500, 500X, Panda and Abarth, Alfa Romeo Giulia, MiTo and 4C, Jeep Renegade, VW up! GTI, Ferrari 488 GTB, Spyder, GTC4Lusso, 812, F12 and California T, along with one Chevy and three Cadillac models, too. Mauritius: Even in this most remote of places can yf be found in new model vehicles. I emailed a MACS member on the island, expecting to learn that they had only heard of (but had not yet seen) R-1234yf. To my surprise her response said, “We had one Mustang that came in to our shop • Valve Design with R-1234yf.” And in case you were wondering, yes, they do have a J2843-compliant R/R/R machine! • OE Quality Manufacturing New Zealand: Shops report seeing about 5 yf cars per week, including Citroën, Ford Endura, Hyundai Ioniq, Land Rover, Peugeot and Tesla. • TS16949 certifi ed Nigeria: R-1234yf vehicles have been on the continent since 2014, when shops fi rst started seeing Range Rovers come in with the refrigerant. Since then there have been many others, including Toyota. Uruguay: The new refrigerant has been in South America for a few years, fi rst arriving in European brands like Peugeot and Renault. Today it can be found in several models, including the Nissan Qashqai, Jaguar X Type, Peugeot 208, Renault Clio and Citroën C4 Cactus. Note: Any place I missed? Please let me know! We’d love to hear about how yf is being used in your part of the world. Thanks for reading! ❆

Schrader Engineered Products division is now

Steve Schaeber 205 Frazier Road • Altavista, VA 24517 MACS Technical Editor You can reach Steve at Call Rick Good at 800.345.0578 x8814 for more information [email protected]

8 ACTION • June 2019 SOLUTIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION

Refrigerants and tools for today and tomorrow

Available inin a 12 oz. can and a 30 lb. disposable cylinder

Learn more at opteon.com/coolerchoice

© 2019 The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Freon™, Opteon™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company. Keith Leonard, Debris and border wars Esquire nother Earth Day has passed, and the fi ndings in that report is that global ac- nia’s waiver oppose the current variety of en- most people have some feelings tion to signifi cantly cut greenhouse gas emis- vironmental standards. They argue that every Aabout climate change; just post any- sions can substantially reduce climate-related car to be sold in the United States either has to thing about it on social media, and be ready for risks and increase opportunities for the most meet the most stringent emissions limit in the the responses. Regardless of your thoughts on vulnerable populations over the long term. country, or carmakers have to design differ- the issue, remember, we cannot simply move Meanwhile, cars and light trucks currently ac- ent models for different states. Repeal of that to another planet. count for some sixty percent of emissions of waiver will promote a uniform fi fty-state rule. In April, the United States Environmen- greenhouse gases in America. However, opponents contend that those tal Protection Agency (“EPA”) released its Last August, the EPA introduced regula- arguments only go so far, if accepted at all. “Planning for Natural Disaster Debris” report tions to roll back fuel-effi ciency standards The auto industry is a global one; just walk in which it advises local governments to start adopted under President Barack Obama’s through any signifi cantly sized parking lot or planning for climate change. The EPA notes administration. The EPA is also seeking to garage and take note of the fact that the cars in this report: “According to the 2014 Nation- repeal the federal statutory waiver that has parked there are made or assembled in many al Climate Assessment, which is a detailed allowed California and thirteen other states areas of the world. In addition, numerous oth- report on climate change impacts on the U.S., (which collectively represent about one-third er countries are pushing ahead with aggres- climate change is expected to increase the of the United States auto market) to set stricter sive fuel effi ciency rules as well as policies frequency and intensity of some natural disas- standards for emissions of climate-changing favoring electric cars. While there remains ters. The amount of debris generated by natu- greenhouse gases, and zero-emissions electric some strong resistance to electric cars in the ral disasters, and the costs to manage it, will vehicles, than the rest of the nation. In support United States, the sheer size of the market is likely increase as a result.” The EPA further of the rollback, administration offi cials argue pulling the global auto industry toward elec- indicates, “climate change [is] expected to that the rollback will reduce traffi c deaths by tric cars, trucks, and buses. increase the frequency and intensity of some about 1,000 per year. Their argument is that Since a new car requires about three to natural disasters.” The EPA recommends that stricter emissions and fuel-effi ciency stan- fi ve years of development, some certainty community planners address the debris-relat- dards would make new cars so expensive in the future of environmental regulation is ed challenges resulting from climate change, that many Americans would keep their older desirable to automakers. However, the court such as increased quantities and types of de- vehicles, which are heavier and more danger- battles over the scope and shape of such regu- bris, to increase their communities’ resilience ous. The argument is also that relaxing those lation, which are in their infancy, are expected to projected climate change impacts. standards will keep the costs of cars cheaper. to last for years to come. In the face of such In November 2018, the U.S. Global So, last month the California Air Resources potential regulatory chaos, Gloria Bergquist, Change Research Program’s Fourth National Board sued the Trump administration in an a vice president at the Alliance of Automobile Climate Assessment report was released (on effort to obtain the information supporting the Manufacturers, recently said, “We could see Black Friday) to the public. This federally claims by the federal government that the pro- a scenario where there are limited choices for mandated report was the product of contribu- posed weakening of auto emissions standards consumers in the high-fuel-economy states, tions of thirteen federal agencies, along with will save lives. or a stampede at the border to buy cars in the university and commercial scientists. Among Proponents of the efforts to repeal Califor- states that follow the federal standards,” Will there be border wars for customers and the at- tendant problems and costs of enforcement? ❆ REAR A/C BLOCKOFF FITTINGS Remember that laws are con- x Seals off rear system so front A/C can still be utilized stantly changing and are often x Avoids expensive rear A/C line replacement when the front not uniform throughout the Unit- A/C cooling is sufficient ed States. Do not place unquali- x Available for most SUV’s and Vans fied reliance on the information x Please call for price sheet. Quantity discounts available in this article. Always contact legal counsel for detailed advice. If you have a particular issue, Dealer Automotive Services, Inc. law or problem you would like to Hopkins, MN see addressed in a future column, (952) 933-3575 please contact me at KLeonard@ LeonardSciolla.com, or Leonard, Toll Free 1-800-394-8515 www.dealerautomotive.com Sciolla, Hutchison, Leonard & Tinari, LLP, 215-567-1530. 10 ACTION • June 2019 CHILLING AFTER A JOB WELL DONE

TYC’s Transmission Oil Coolers and Charge Air Coolers are designed to be application-specific (non-universal) for drop-in fit

Designed, engineered, and manufactured to meet or exceed OE specifications

Consistently having the latest applications available for your repair needs

Transmission Charge Air Oil Cooler Cooler Passing the squint test

Angie Kilbourne here are so many ways to stay in touch ● Line height: 1.4 to 1.5 pixels. This setting sive were Comic Sans, followed by Helvetica. with current customers today, but many gives the reader a place to rest his eye be- A 2002 study by professors at Wichita State Tshops still rely on the tried-and-true tween lines and avoids the message having a University’s Software Usability Research Lab email newsletter. It’s cost-effective, and with “scrunched” look. concluded that messages sent using Times New the online email marketing tools available today ● Buttons and other calls to action: Consider Roman and Arial were ready more quickly, and from a number of vendors, it’s easy and fairly using 46 pixels square. Digital giants Apple and study participants found Arial and Courier the quick to construct mailings. Google recommend 44 pixels square and 48 most legible. No surprise, Comic Sans came in But do your customers read them? A bigger pixels square, respectively. last. question is, how easy is it for them to read? What’s really important is to choose a font The type of font also makes a difference Font size matters: Experts agree the most size big enough that readers won’t have to squint in readability. Serif fonts have little strokes at- effective size for print is in the 10 to 12 point or zoom, yet small enough to not waste screen tached to the ends of the main strokes of the range. However, more and more reading is be- space. If you aren’t sure, run a few tests and try letters. In printed materials, serif text is easier ing consumed on smartphones, not laptops and reading the messages on your own smartphone. to read because those strokes help defi ne the tablets. It’s important to take into account these Consider font selection: Many times, fonts letters. However, online, those strokes tend to smaller screens, advises Mailchimp, an email are selected because they are recommended or get fuzzy the smaller the font is, making digital marketing service. Consider using these set- the person constructing the message has a per- reading more diffi cult. tings: sonal preference. But what typeface actually A few more tips for email and digital reading: ● Header: 22 to 28 pixels. In digital terms, pix- works best online? According to a 2012 study ● Avoid italics. Often, they don’t render well els are the equivalent to point size. by writer and fi lmmaker Errol Morris, read- digitally, making them harder to read online. ● Body text: 16 pixels for longer emails. For ers were more likely to agree with messages ● Don’t underline text because readers will shorter emails, consider using up to 22 pixels. sent using the Baskerville font. Least persua- mistake it for a link. ● Choose black type for the main body of text. ● Use the web standards of blue for links and purple for visited links. Don’t make readers learn new rules just for your message. ● Use web-safe fonts, including any custom fonts. Now, squint at your message: How easy is that email to skim? According to Nielsen Nor- man Group’s most recent eye-tracking study, email newsletters are read word-for-word only 19 percent by recipients. Online readers skim material 75 percent of the time. So scrunch up your eyes and squint. Can you see the parts of your message? Is each section distinguishable? One trick is to use your formatting tools to make www.vdo.com/usa each section distinct: color; symbols; main and section headlines; white space; bold text; rules, VDO Cooling Fan Assemblies – dashes and lines; bulleted lists; and short lines of OE quality with plug and play installation. text. Through eye-tracking studies, readers have been shown to skip paragraphs, intro text, main- VDO Cooling Fan Assemblies are exact replacements for the tenance links, and navigation. original fan in fit, form, and function, right down to the electronic Readers want you to get right to the point module. They restore the original cooling performance, and in an email. Put it in the fi rst three lines of text. feature OE mounting locations and plug-and-play electrical Make sure your fi rst bulleted item is the most connections, for quick, easy installation, right out of the box. important piece you want them to take away. And ensure your headlines give readers a sense 800-564-5066 of what the story is really about. It’s all about put- [email protected] ting your message where their eyes are. Draw VDO – A Trademark of the Continental Corporation VDO – A Trademark their attention with headlines and make sure the most important point is in that fi rst sentence. ❆ 12 ACTION • June 2019 OEM-trusted and preferred 1234yf service

Robinair 1234yf and 134a machines are the preferredd A/C recovery machine for vehicle manufacturers andd aftermarket repair shops

Count on Robinair for A/C recovery machines, equipment and accessories, and our nationwide service center network. A/C machines 134a: 34288NI, 34788NI, 34788NI-H, 34988NI 1234yf: AC1234-4, AC1234-6 New leak detectors LD3, LD5 and LD7 detect the most commonly usedd refrigerants today, including R-134a and R-1234yf A/C service tools and accessories Vacuum pumps from 1.5 CFM to 10 CFM Manifold gauges with Goodyear hoses for R-134a and R-1234yf &KDUJLQJVFDOHVUHIULJHUDQWLGHQWLͤHUVDQGPRUH ASK ABOUT THE NEWEST ROBINAIR A/C MACHINES, LEAK DETECTORS AND ACCESSORIES

ROBINAIR.COM 800.533.6127 Bolt EV Heater Performance By Steve Schaeber, MACS Technical Editor ince they were fi rst released to dealers back in December 2016, GM charger did they use? Also, determine if the customer used remote start has sold more than 46,200 of its Chevrolet Bolt electric vehicles in or pre-conditioning in the last few key cycles. Their answer may indicate Sthe United States and Canada. The manufacturer’s best year was the need to reset the cabin heater control module. 2017 with sales just below 23,300. So far, 2019 looks like it may beat GM has documented the procedure in its TSB # 17-NA-063: No Heat those numbers, especially with gas prices on the rise as Americans seek af- or Low Heat with DTC B048E Set. Service procedures include fi rst dis- fordable means of daily transportation to get them back and forth to work. abling the high voltage system, then disconnecting the K10 coolant heater While these high tech electrics might get great mpg-equivalent num- control module connector X1 (without disconnecting the low voltage X2 bers during relatively mild spring and fall months (when A/C cooling connector to the module). Then, with the HV X1 connector disconnected and heating demands are lower), they defi nitely use more energy during and the low voltage connector still connected, re-enable the HV system. summer and winter to both heat and cool the passenger cabin (which ef- Restart the vehicle, turn cabin heater controls to MAX heat with full fectively lowers the number of miles they can drive during those periods). blower speed and monitor heater performance for 60 seconds. Then key During colder months, customers demand good heater performance, off the vehicle, wait for all modules to go to sleep and disable the HV and some may bring their vehicles in for service with a complaint of no system. Reconnect the K10 coolant heater control module connector X1 heat coming from the vents (accompanied by an SHS “service heater and reenable the HV system. Again, restart the vehicle and turn the cabin soon” message on the driver information screen). Further diagnosis may heater controls to MAX / full blower and monitor system performance also show technicians a B048E DTC (diagnostic trouble code) for an for 60 seconds. Verify if the cabin heater control module has reset cor- “Auxiliary Heater System Malfunction.” rectly by turning the vehicle off, removing the key from the cabin and The cause could be due to some cabin heater control modules that waiting at least three minutes after all lights turn off on the inside, indicat- may have limited operation due to an internal circuitry lockout, which ing that all modules have gone to sleep. causes only a part of the cabin heater module to operate. This leads to At MAX temperature, your scan tool should show a temperature reduced heating system performance. above 130°F (which can be verifi ed with a thermometer placed in the Technicians should fi rst ask the customer if they noticed any changes dash outlet vents). However, if heater performance is still below 130°F, in the heating system during the past three or four key cycles, and next there may be air trapped in the heater coolant circuit. ❆ inquire if they charged their vehicle during those past cycles, what type of

14 ACTION • June 2019

Riding the hybrid HVAC wave By Dave Hobbs

ow are your HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) / EV (Elec- tric Vehicle) HVAC service skills? Are you an expert ser- Hvicing them regularly or do you avoid the rising HEV / EV service opportunity altogether? A recently published forecast stated that the number of electric vehicles may grow from 3 million to 125 million by the year 2030. That kind of increase will present a tidal wave of new technology as these vehicles begin to require service. HEVs have been around for over 19 model years and currently number in the millions with a huge share of models out of warranty now. Since any vehicle utilizing a combination of gasoline and electric power sources presents challenges for engineers seeking to maximize fuel economy and lower emissions, it stands to reason such challenges are also Photo by Dave Hobbs passed along to those of us who repair them. One of these challenges involves HVAC systems. Regarding the “H” for “Heating” in HVAC, many HEVs running at lower road speeds in electric mode may need hot Figure 2a: is Honda’s electric compressor with part of the compressor’s displacement supplied via a traditional belt drive and the coolant moving to the heater core when their gas engines aren’t running. rest via a high voltage DC supply connection. A data bus signal Electric heaters are gaining in popularity as are 12-volt auxiliary coolant then commands the compressor’s built in DC-AC inverter to supply pumps to keep the engine’s hot coolant ﬂ owing to the heater core in idle power to control the electric portion of the compressor. stop / EV mode. (Fig. 1) The conventional belt driven compressor makes the “AC” in HVAC difﬁ cult when a HEV’s gas engine is in auto stop, as well. The result is a choice to either keep the HEV’s gas engine running during heavy A/C cooling periods or electrify the A/C compressor to run off the HV (High Voltage) battery pack. Courtesy Denso

Photo by Dave Hobbs Figure 2c: is high voltage DC supplied compressor with Figure 2b: is used in all GEN II integrated DC-AC inverter. (2004-2009) Toyota Prius applica- This particular compressor tions. The main traction motor was used on the GM 2-Mode inverter board has a separate DC- AC (3-phase) circuit that controls (full size hybrid SUVs and the output of AC to the electric Pick-Ups) as well as the compressor. co-engineered BMW and Daimler-Chrysler variants Malibu / Saturn Vue / Saturn of this platform. This style Aura) (2005-2007) of high voltage electric • GM 130-volt E-Assist (BAS compressor has become the Plus) Chevy Malibu and Buick standard with most HEVs and EVs now. Prius HVAC System Complexities Courtesy Toyota Prius HVAC Regal (2012-2014) • Honda Hybrid Models (ear- Figure 1: Engineering changes with HVAC systems on Hybrids and ly to mid-2000s and all Insight models prior to 2019) Electric Vehicles presents many changes and challenges for today’s Type 2 - Combo Belt and DC Supplied (Integral DC to 3-Phase technicians. AC Inverter) Electric Compressor (Fig. 2A) Let’s take a moment to begin our service info focus with the variations • Honda Hybrid Models (2005–2007 Accord Hybrid and 2006– in A/C compressors used on most HEVs on the road today. 2015 Civic Hybrid) Hybrid A/C compressors Type 3 - High Voltage AC Supplied (3-Phase) Electric Compres- sor (Fig. 2B) Type 1 - Conventional Belt-Driven Compressors • Toyota Prius Generation II (2004-2009) • Toyota Prius Generation I (2001-2003) Type 4 - High Voltage DC Supplied (Integral DC to 3-Phase AC • Ford 1st and early 2nd Generation Escape / Mercury Mariner Inverter) Electric Compressor (Fig. 2C) Models (2005-2010) • Most All Other HEVs and EVs • GM 42-volt BAS (Belt-Alternator-Starter) Chevy

16 ACTION • June 2019 Riding the hybrid HVAC wave

Hybrid component summary & Safety considerations If OEM service info has led you to the replacement of any of the electric A/C compressors (Types 2, 3 and 4), utilize the factory safety precautions when working with any other HV component or circuit. Those precautions begin with shutting down the HV source. HV components include

the HV battery pack and power electronics. Power electronics consist of Courtesy Salisbury by Honeywell the inverter (changes DC-AC and vice versa) and DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter lowers high voltage DC to 14-volts DC performing the job of a conventional vehicle’s alternator. The HV system also includes electric motors such as MGs (Motor/Generators) inside the transmission/ transaxle, belt mounted MGs with orange cables leading to them and of course electric A/C compressors. An important reminder; orange is the universal color to indicate potentially injurious or lethal voltages running through cables. Touching any bare terminal / circuit over 50 volts (DC) or 30 volts (AC) can injure or kill you even if the current is less than 1 amp! Motor Courtesy Ford Company ALWAYS follow the vehicle manufacturer’s directions on ALL safety procedures / personal safety equipment (Fig. 3A, 3B & 3C) whenever you approach diagnosing or repairing high voltage circuits / components on HEVs/EVs. A safe and thorough alternate method for powering down any HEV/EV is the Universal 7-step method. To perform, follow these steps in the order listed;

Universal HEV/EV power down method NOTE: method does NOT apply to vehicles without a HV service disconnect plug / switch Courtesy Fluke Instruments 1. IGNITION OFF - Turn off ignition switch / power button. Figure 3a, b, c: the high voltage source has been shut down. It’s also 2. KEY REMOVAL - Remove key / fob from vehicle. a VERY good idea to have a high voltage insulated emergency 6 or 8 3. 12-VOLT BATTERY - Remove the negative cable from 12- foot safety hook (Fig. 3B) in the bay when servicing the high voltage volt battery’s post (prevents any subsequent power up of HV sys- side of any HEV / EV system. In the event a technician is exposed tem). to high voltage making him/her unable to release the high voltage 4. SAFETY GLOVES - Inspect/test and put on HV Class component, the insulated hook can be employed by a fellow techni- 0/1,000-volt-rated gloves along with leather cover/sheaths to pro- cian w/o the risk of shock to the rescuer. Ford actually mandates this tect the gloves from damage. Test by determining if they hold air. tool’s presence in the service bay labeling it as a “Technician Release 5. SERVICE PLUG / SWITCH - Remove vehicle’s HV system Tool”. Any voltmeter used on typical hybrid vehicles must be rated service disconnect plug / turn off HV battery switch (Fig. 4A & as “Category III / 1,000 Volts”. The meter in this photo (Fig. 3C) is a 4B). Fluke 1577, which also includes a high voltage leak insulation tester (a.k.a. megohmmeter or megger for short) that can induce up to NOTE: these plugs are almost ALWAYS on the HV battery pack 1,000 volts (at safer low currents) in order to determine which high itself. Honda (until 2018) and GM BAS (blue cables = intermedi- voltage cables / components on a vehicle have even the slightest cur- ate voltage) along with GM’s orange cable BAS Plus/E-Assist are rent leaks to ground. equipped with a switch on their HV battery packs. 6. HV CAPACITOR BLEED - Wait 10 minutes – this allows the manually select the various ranges to thoroughly de- HV capacitors connected to the DC high voltage lines inside the termine if the device under test is truly dead. Personal inverter to bleed off in the rare event they don’t bleed off via the experience with Fluke and other quality brand meters active circuits designed to render them harmless within seconds of has shown that high voltage will sometimes not get switching off the ignition. picked up while in auto ranging mode. 7. HV VOLTAGE TEST - Remove access cover / connector (with c. Known 12-volt source (to double check your me- HV safety gloves on) to expose HV terminals. Perform Live/ ter’s capability to measure voltage). Dead/Live test to verify the components being serviced are no lon- When all steps are performed properly to power down (and ger live with high voltage. This test involves using your Category verify) a HEV/EV’s HV circuit / component, you can then re- III / 1,000-volt rated DC meter to measure; move the cumbersome safety gloves and replace with whatever a. Known good 12-volt source (to determine your meter is type you prefer to use (nitryl, latex, canvas, etc.) for your normal connected / functioning properly) service routines. The HV safety gloves should be checked prior b. High voltage device / circuit under test (should be 0-volts) to being returned to their canvas storage case to ensure they’re NOTE: if voltmeter is an auto ranging type meter you should June 2019 • ACTION 17 Riding the hybrid HVAC wave Photo by Dave Hobbs Photo by Dave Hobbs Figure 4a & b: Service disconnects vary in design. The traditional switch on most Honda battery packs recently evolved into the orange service plug (Fig. 4A) similar to Toyota and other OEMs. Removing the plug / turning off the switch cuts the battery voltage in half. This still allows ample voltage (inside the HV battery pack assembly) to injure or kill you on most HEVs / EVs. The battery pack’s safe guards, however, will detect this lower voltage and NOT allow the relays (HV contac- tors) to turn on to supply high voltage to the rest of the vehicle. This makes the remainder of the vehicle safe for service but will NOT make the battery pack (removed from the vehicle w/ case off) safe to handle w/o proper safety gloves. Always store battery packs with plug removed (red arrow on Fig. 4B) and a HV danger sign! Courtesy American Honda

Figure 5b: 2nd page of Honda’s compressor oil chart. ND- OIL 11 is Denso’s electric compressor oil as is SE-A2 (POE) on Sanden compressors. The di-electric nature of these POE oils are unique to the oil p/ns.

Summary If factory service info directs you to replace an electric compressor on an HEV, you’ll want to make sure you use the EX- ACT compressor oil the manufacturer calls for (Fig. 5A & 5B) to Courtesy American Honda

Figure 5a: 1st page of Honda’s compressor oil chart. Note that there a few Honda compressors running POE oils that are not HEV/EV applications. There are also a few HEV applica-

tions that are mechanical compressors using normal PAG oil. Courtesy Denso Polyester oil was around long before electric compressors and Figure 6: Denso’s ND8 is basically PAG 46. The commonly is used in everything from jet turbine engines to motion picture held misconception regarding the taboo of getting PAG oil in ﬁ lm cameras. It is also hygroscopic – meaning it absorbs an electric compressor pertained to the hygroscopic nature moisture just like PAG and PVE oils. (absorbs moisture) of PAG oil. Actually, most all refrigerant oils are hygroscopic including the POE and PVE oils used in electric not damaged and unable to be used on your next hybrid service compressors for both transportation and ﬁ xed refrigeration. job. Even a pin hole in your safety glove can allow high voltage The key is the oil’s resistive nature to electric current as shown to jump to your body. in this Denso chart. Even 1 % PAG in the system lowers the insulation resistance of an electric compressor’s motor windings from over 10 Megaohms to under 1 Megaohm. A Megaohm NOTE: Professional glove testing should be performed every is plenty of resistance to prevent electrocution but not high 6 months regardless of how often (or seldom) you’ve worn the enough for the sensitive watchdog circuits (high voltage leak/ gloves. Cost for this service is very minimal. isolation) on HEVs and EVs with systems running over 50 volts.

18 ACTION • June 2019 Riding the hybrid HVAC wave

avoid false triggers on any of the vehicle’s complex high voltage ple cabin air moving across a HEV’s HV battery pack to prevent isolation fault detection safety circuits. The difference in the re- performance degradation and DTCs requires as much thought for sistance among compressor oils (Fig. 6) may not cause a dead service as maintaining cabin air ﬁ lters for passenger health and short but it certainly might cause a condition that sets a DTC and comfort. (Fig. 7A, 7B & 7C) MACS Worldwide continues to shuts off the compressor and/or vehicle! Beyond general safety learn and share technical information regarding this challenging and compressor oil considerations, there are volumes of informa- subject within the pages of MACS Action, as well as monthly tion covering the many differences found in conventional vehicle MACS Service Reports, and of course live training events. Don’t HVAC systems and HEV/EV HVAC systems. For example, am- let the hybrid vehicle wave pass you or your repair shop by! ❆

Figure 7a, 7b, 7c: Hybrid battery pack setting DTCs . . . time to replace? It may just be lint on the vent! All HEVs and EVs have high voltage battery packs that require cooling. Most are air cooled with blower motors (Fig. 7B) moving air through ducts that draw fresh air from vents (fi g. 7C) as shown in this Toyota Prius TSB (2013-2015) T-SB 0013-14. A high-voltage battery pack performance code P0A80 can set when one or more of the battery modules has a different voltage / performance footprint from the others (think shorted cell on a 12-volt battery) or when the BCM (Battery Control Module) is faulty or when the battery’s performance has been degraded due to poor air cooling. Look for signs of debris at the vents, clean and / or replace any fi lters / screens fi rst, then inspect / clean the blower motor’s squir- rel cage (Fig 7A) and any related duct work. Courtesy Toyota

ATCO and ALMA are leaders in the mobile air conditioning industry with the end goal to keep vehicles cool when it matters most.

ALMALMA Products P d (APCOAIR)APCO ATCO Products

Alma Products Company is a certified manufacturer and ATCO Products is a tubing and hose assembly manufacturer of remanufacturer of high quality automotive components and high quality automotive and heavy duty truck components and assemblies. Our customers trusted Alma Products to meet assemblies. Our customers have relied on ATCO Products to meet warranty service parts requirements and OE production their Aftermarket & OE production components, in and out of component requirements for more than 75 years. warranty service and parts requirements for more than 50 years.

www.AlmaProducts.com www.AtcoProductsInc.com 989.463.9269 Alma, MI 972.842.8178 Ferris, TX

June 2019 • ACTION 19 Hybrid & electric vehicle air conditioning compressor hardware, power controls & diagnostics By Dr, Mark Quarto or more than 15 years, hybrid and electric the A/C PIM for control. No speed sensor is vehicles have been using electric air con- necessary for the compressor, as there is no need Fditioning compressors. The reason for the for independent control of speed and torque. use of these air conditioning (A/C) compressors However, speed sensing can be accomplished is rooted in the stop-start operation of the hybrid without a sensor by using PIM current sensor vehicle, or in the fact that an electric vehicle has inputs. no engine to rotate an A/C compressor. The A/C system consists of 3-Phase electric compressor (EC), 3-Phase power inverter module (PIM), and the associated control system. The remain- Scroll compressor compression cycle der of the A/C system consists of the traditional components (i.e., TXV, evaporator, condenser, The motor windings have traditionally been etc.). The EC has been constructed with two cooled by low side A/C refrigerant gas and use a basic designs: 1) without an integrated 3-Phase low hygroscopic Polyol Ester (POE) oil for the PIM and, 2) with an integrated PIM. Although a purposes of the increasing electrical isolation system can use either type, the operation is near- A/C compressor and 8 pole rotor between the HV motor windings and vehicle ly identical. The A/C EC unit is 3-Phase (wind- 3-Phase “wye” connected stator winding chassis ground. This is an important point, as ings), which permits a more effi cient and higher Polyalkylene Glycol (PAG) oil (found in con- torque electric machine to circulate the refriger- ventional A/C systems) is approximately four ant. Most automotive A/C EC are rated in the times more hygroscopic than POE oil. More- range of 1.8 kilowatts – 2.4 kilowatts (kilowatts over, Denso performed a study, which indicated - kW). Most belt-driven A/C compressors are if the POE oil was contaminated with only 1% rated in the 4.0kW – 5.0kW range. Therefore, PAG oil, it would lower the oil insulation resis- belt-driven A/C compressors can remove more tance level from 10MΩ to 1MΩ. Therefore, it heat from the vehicle cabin. is evident this is a critical step to ensure PAG oil does not contaminate the A/C system. Sig- The A/C EC Scroll compressor does not nifi cant decreases in insulation resistance (due to use traditional valves as do most conventional incorrect oil usage, winding magnet wire insula- A/C compressors. Its Scroll system uses only tion or, EC motor slot insulation) will reduce the a simple metal valving system to control gas electrical insulation to a level below the Federal fl ow entering and exiting the compressor head Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 305 assembly and/or the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1766 Standard, resulting in a HV system isolation fault. The FMVSS Standard permits either a 500Ω/Volt or 100Ω/Volt Direct Current A/C compressor with integrated PIM (DC) fault level. The J1766 Standard permits a DC fault level of 100Ω/Volt. For example, if a A/C compressor hardware hybrid/electric vehicle is equipped with a 300V The EC is a simple device with only two battery pack, the threshold for tripping a DTC Scroll compressor head and valve assemblies main components, the rotor and stator. Most would be: (500Ω) (300V) = 150,000Ω. An 3-Phase EC used in A/C systems use 8-pole ro- “isolation fault” is a safety related fault triggered The primary advantages of a Scroll com- tors (eight magnets) that permit higher speeds by high electrical energy leakage to the vehicle pressor are signifi cant: 1) no volumetric losses while applying good torque levels to compress chassis. This would result in the loss of electric through gas re-expansion, 2) no valve losses and suction the refrigerant throughout the A/C propulsion (and loss of engine cranking for most (Scroll compressors do not use traditional system components. The stators are the com- hybrid vehicles). valves), 3) nearly constant compression, and 4) mon “Wye” wound stator. This means there are A/C compressor controls three separate wire winding circuits connected it can handle some liquids. Though scroll me- Most EC systems use an integrated PIM to a neutral point to form a Wye confi guration. chanical mechanisms are simple, they permit procedure with two connectors located on top The windings are connected to three points in high speed and lower noise operation. of the compressor assembly. The large connec- 20 ACTION • June 2019 Hybrid & electric vehicle air conditioning compressor hardware, power controls & diagnostics tor is for a HV electrical power connection, and uses a 3-Phase electrical connection, thus there to create them. The controller then translates the the other controls communications (i.e., LIN or are three separate connections between the A/C vector coordinates to software messages used CAN bus). If the A/C PIM is not integrated into PIM and the EC. The motor drive circuit con- to create three separate Pulse Width Modulated the EC, it has been traditionally located in the tains six connection points to the stator winding (PWM) voltage output signals, which are sent main electric traction system power inverter. situated within the PIM transistor drive network to each IGBT Gate to transfer electrical power This permits an easy A/C HV connection, which (6-pack motor drive). Specifi cally, there are two signals to the A/C EC stator. When the IGBTs reduces high voltage wiring requirements. The connections to each phase of the 3-Phase EC. transfer electrical current to the stator, most of traditional location for EC systems with a non- Each phase of the EC motor will be connected the switching points involve all three phases. integrated PIM is on the bottom (underneath) to two power transistors (Insulated Gate BiPolar side of the electric traction system power in- Transistor - IGBT). Connecting two IGBT’s to verter. each phase permits the control system to create a sine wave signal and then transfer it to the three EC motor phases by using the IGBT’s.

A/C EC stator winding switching (limited 30° switching cycles shown)

A/C compressor electronic motor The three PWM voltage signals control drive control circuit the commanded level of electrical current sent to each of the three EC motor phases. More The PIM houses the electronic hardware PIM 6-pack motor drive circuit electrical current means more EC output torque. and control software used to control the torque The sine waves are produced by a software Current and torque can be nearly linear in elec- and speed of the A/C compressor. The PIM sine (look-up) table that features math functions tric motor control. The speed of an electric mo- NEW

The next generation 48v Electric Compressor from SANDEN Future Comfort for Future Cars • Low NVH • High volumetric efﬁ ciency • Integrated oil separator • Leading Sanden technology • Compact inline concept • Future-focused product line Sanden International USA Inc., 601 Sanden Blvd, Wylie, TX 75098, USA. www.sandenaftermarket.com email: [email protected]

June 2019 • ACTION 21 Hybrid & electric vehicle air conditioning compressor hardware, power controls & diagnostics tor in an automotive application is controlled clamps is necessary to acquire the signals. En- Most A/C EC will not permit direct access by the frequency (Hertz – Hz) of the signal. sure that a low scale is used on the current clamp to the PIM 3-Phase connections, as the 6-pack Higher Hz means the EC motor will rotate at to acquire lower currents (i.e., 0-10 amp scale). motor drive is integrated into the EC. There- a higher speed. The typical automotive A/C fore, the only method of measuring A/C EC EC speed control ranges are 0-50Hz (between phase currents is to access one of the DC wires 0-1000rpm) to 375Hz (@ approximately 7,000 connecting the EC and HV. This measurement rpm). There are EC applications that operate at must be accomplished with a DC current clamp higher Hz ranges. and an oscilloscope.

Oscilloscope and 3 AC current clamp testing set-up

Sine wave creation by using PWM controls

The PWM voltage signals will determine the Hz and amplitude of the current (torque) in Oscilloscope and DC current clamp all three phases. When viewing the three phases testing set-up on an oscilloscope, they should each have the same symmetry. Symmetry means amplitude and waveform widths should all be nearly identical. Symmetry identifi cation is one of the most important aspects of sine wave diagnostics. Schematic of the external PIM testing set-up Since compression in a Scroll compressor is nearly constant, the torque of the compressor at The equipment set-up to acquire the wave- any given speed is constant, which means, the form and example waveform indicates that the electrical current at a given speed will be nearly sine wave peak to peak is 17.59 Amps; RMS constant during its rotational cycle. Therefore, current a technician views on a DVOM with the only metric that changes signifi cantly during an alternating current (AC) current clamp is ap- Schematic of the external PIM testing the system operation is Hz. proximately 6.2 Amps. The frequency of this set-up As a quick review, Root Mean Square stator waveform is approximately 350Hz. The (RMS) is conversion of AC current to a DC acquisition of the A/C EC with the AC current equivalent quantity (number) that determines clamps provides a fantastic view of the sys- In determining the EC electrical state-of- the “effective electrical current” that can per- tem. Remember, look for waveform symmetry health, the oscilloscope is preferred. The DC form work. (amplitude and waveform width), and measure oscilloscope signature provides a good view Analysis and diagnostics the current. When measuring the peak to peak of the 3-Phase EC. Before the EC is powered, NOTE: When connecting to a HV system current, multiply it by 0.353 to convert it to the the current will be zero amps. When the EC is to perform analysis/service/repair, the fi rst con- RMS value (or use peak current,and multiply by commanded ON, the control system “boosts” sideration is safety. Please ensure that you have 0.707). Most A/C EC compressors are rated at the motor by commanding an inrush current that been trained in how to safely interface with HV 1.8kW – 2.4kW. Therefore, the maximum cur- is approximately 4-6 times the average operat- vehicle systems, use HV Safety (Class 0) gloves, rent would be approximately 8.0 amps. ing current; this overcomes the initial EC iner- and refer to the OEM service information before tial load. In some motor applications, the inrush commencing testing or repair. current can attain close to 20 times the average Analyzing and diagnosing the A/C EC com- operating current. After the initial inrush cur- pressor is a very simple process. It involves the rent, the controls will immediately command a use of an oscilloscope and current clamp and a lower steady-state current (based on the com- laptop, if necessary. The current clamp(s) will manded HVAC input). The three waveforms permit the technician to acquire AC or DC shown here indicate the EC boosting current is waveforms, and then analyze the acquisitions between four and fi ve amps and the steady-state to determine the operational health of the com- current is approximately one amp. For the set- pressor and its drive system. When acquiring up shown, the DC current scale is 10x, therefore, AC signals from vehicles with external A/C 3-Phase A/C EC waveform of AC current 20 on the scale = 2 amps; 40 = four amps, etc.). EC PIMs, the application of three AC current capture

22 ACTION • June 2019 Hybrid & electric vehicle air conditioning compressor hardware, power controls & diagnostics

Oscilloscope DC current capture of A/C EC using integral PIM

After the EC has reached a steady-state current, the oscilloscope provides a DC waveform of “pulsation ripples” (from voltage produced by the EC stator windings) that can assist in determining the EC stator winding and rotor state-of-health. The equipment set-up to acquire the waveform and example waveform (shown below) indicates that the DC ripple waveform is approximately 2.0 amps. The ripples are consistent, and are nearly identical throughout the capture (good EC health). If any ripples show signiﬁ cant increase or decrease in amplitude, this would signify a problem with the internal PIM, stator or, rotor. Additionally, the EC may also exhibit some unusual audi- tory noises (mechanical or electrical) caused by electrical phase imbalances. Since the A/C EC has an integrated PIM, this would mean the A/C compressor should be replaced as a unit.

Oscilloscope DC ripple waveform from A/C EC with internal PIM

As vehicle architectures continue to utilize more HV electrical power and power electronic systems, it is vitally important for technicians to learn more about electronic systems and the software systems that control them. More- over, understanding these elements is essential to ensure the technician knows how to use OEM service information, create their own diagnostic tools or manipulate electronic systems to more easily and defi nitively arrive at a diagnostic result. MACS has partnered with FutureTech Auto to offer a hands-on Software & Electronics Boot Camp course that addresses this need. Please consider attending the course to update and reinvent your skills. ❆ June 2019 • ACTION 23 Mark Schmitz celebrates 25 years with aftermarket growth in this area and overall, plus we refl ect back on what brought us to where we working to meet the needs of an always chang- are today. Our founders had the foresight to en- Global Parts Distributors, LLC ing market.” said Mr. Snow. “In the aftermarket, ter this wonderful industry with a strong set of Mark Schmitz HELLA has a great opportunity to leverage our corporate values centered on taking care of our started his career in OE leadership position in advanced electronics customers, and to do so with the utmost integ- the automotive air to bolster our current business. Electronics are rity. In this highly competitive industry, we owe conditioning indus- growing in importance to everything automo- our sustained success to both the dedication of try nearly 40 years tive and the aftermarket is following suit.” our talented employees, as well as to our loyal ago, installing and customers. We are committed to entering our distributing air con- next centennial with the same determination ditioning units in Standard Motor Products, Inc. celebrates 100th Anniversary and ingenuity that has made SMP the automo- Fort Worth, Texas. tive market leader that it is today.” Today, Mark serves as Research and Development Spectra Premium awarded 2018 sup- Manager at Global plier of the year award, silver category Parts Distributors (GPD) in Macon, Georgia. During his 25-year tenure with GPD, Mark has been involved in all aspects of the business including product development, purchasing, sales, marketing, and cataloging. Standard Motor Products, Inc. (NYSE: Mark also serves on the Mobile Air Condi- SMP), an automotive replacement parts manu- tioning Society’s (MACS) Board of Directors. facturer and distributor, announced it is celebrat- This diverse experience has made Mark ing its 100-year anniversary. The company was an instrumental part of the senior management founded by Elias Fife on April 19, 1919. Spectra Premium Industries was presented team at GPD. During the early years of the aftermarket, the 2018 Supplier of the Year, Silver Category “Having a team member like Mark with Standard Motor Products was instrumental in award on April 13th 2019 by Crow-Burlingame our company for 25 years is a signifi cant mile- helping earn the industry a reputation of qual- Co./Bumper to Bumper at its 2019 Vendor stone,” remarked Davey Montford, GPD Presi- ity and reliability, whether it was with initial Show of the Decades celebrating their 100th an- dent. “We couldn’t be prouder to have such a efforts from its salesforce or the introduction of niversary in Little Rock, Arkansas. talented and dedicated employee on our team.” premium-quality lines such as “Blue Streak”, The prize is awarded as recognition of the which was superior in quality, performance and outstanding support in marketing and efforts to Hella appoints Fred Snow president of durability. offer new ways to grow the company’s business, Over the years, Standard Motor Products such as the introduction of CAPA-Certifi ed radi- automotive sales has grown by leaps and bounds from the com- ators by Spectra Premium to facilitate the entry pany Fife launched. Standard Motor Products into the collision parts market. now employs approximately 4,400 people, gen- “We are delighted and thankful to Crow- erates over a billion dollars in net sales, operates Burlingame Co./Bumper to Bumper in receiv- in more than 25 facilities around the world, and ing this recognition. This award refl ects the is a leading independent manufacturer and dis- teamwork from the Spectra team in servicing tributor of replacement parts in the automotive its customers and going above and beyond aftermarket. their expectations,” said Collin Francis, vice Guiding Standard Motor Products’ growth president of Sales and Marketing, Aftermarket HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA appointed is a set of core values that have remained con- USA. “We take the opportunity to congratulate Mr. Fred Snow as president of HELLA auto- sistent from day one: premium quality products Crow-Burlingame Co./Bumper to Bumper for motive sales, incorporated in addition to his and premium brands, a commitment to basic reaching an impressive centennial milestone as functions as head of aftermarket sales effective manufacturing, world-class training and mar- a family-owned company and look forward to March 1, 2019. This follows a planned hando- keting support, a salesforce second to none, and the continuation of our great partnership in the ver process from his predecessor, Henning a time-tested ability to adapt to the automotive hands of a new generation.” Schroeder, to assure a seamless change. Fred technologies of the day. But most of all, a com- Snow has been in charge of aftermarket sales in mitment to integrity. his role as vice president U.S. & Canadian after- Red Dot names Nick Janus as chief Eric Sills, Standard Motor Products’ chief executive offi cer market since 2006. Fred holds a master of busi- executive offi cer and president, and a fourth- ness administration, is a married father of one, Red Dot Corporation, a global leader in generation descendant of the founder, stated, heavy-duty mobile HVAC manufacturing, is and has worked for HELLA for 25 years. “As we celebrate our 100th year in business, “I am excited in my new role to oversee our pleased to announce that Nick Janus has been 24 ACTION • June 2019 promoted to the role of chief executive offi cer (CEO). Having served as chief fi nancial offi - cer (CFO) and later president of the company, Janus’ professional background and breadth of industry knowledge make him exceptionally qualifi ed to lead Red Dot in industry innovation and global enterprise. “It was a unanimous decision to ap- prove Nick as Red Dot’s new CEO,” said Steve Mance, chairman of Red Dot’s board of directors. “He has a strong track record of leadership at Red Dot, and we are confi dent that under Nick’s direction, the company is poised to continue its legacy as the industry leader for premium heavy-duty mobile HVAC units and components, de- livering the highest quality and value to our customers.” With extensive experience in corporate fi nance, Janus has held several senior executive roles in which he was responsible for driving key initiatives at manufacturing companies. Prior to overseeing Red Dot’s operations, Janus was vice president of fi nance at C.C. Filson Co. in Seattle and served in senior fi nance positions at Philips in Boston and Seattle. Working with clients in manufacturing and construction at Moss Adams reinforced his knowledge and expertise in the industry, as well. Janus joined Red Dot in 2015 as its CFO, later acting as general manager of its European and Chinese operations, and fi nally assuming the role of president in 2018. Under Janus’ leadership, Red Dot has signifi cantly expanded and updated its manufacturing operations to meet unprecedented market demand and redoubled its commitment to OEM and aftermarket customers worldwide. “Nick has demonstrated an unwavering commitment to Red Dot, and no doubt strengthened the trajectory of the company during one of its most transformative periods,” said Pat Carroll, Red Dot’s vice president of sales and marketing. “His consistent leadership and direction have not only bolstered internal operations and employee morale, but also supported our relationships with our most valuable stakeholders—our customers. We look forward to 2019 and the years beyond with Nick at the helm to guide the entire leadership team as we serve customers across the globe.” Janus lives in Bothell, Washington, with his wife and two chil- dren. He has a bachelor’s degree in fi nancial management from Concordia University, a post-graduate certifi cate in accounting from Portland State University and a master’s degree in information systems from the University of Washington. He earned his CPA from the state of Washington and received his CGMA designation from the American Institute of Certifi ed Public Accountants. ❆

Send your Industry News to: [email protected]. All releases may be edited.

June 2019 • ACTION 25 MACS training at HQ MACS to host high level Top auto repair shops need to learn relevant new skills related to elec- automotive training week tronics, computer software writing and coding to tackle today and tomorrow’s repair jobs. The automotive industry has tran- sitioned most automotive systems into the space of advanced electrical, electronics, and software controls. Ad- ditionally, hybrid/electric propulsion and ADAS technologies are requir- ing technicians to become creative and skilled in non-mechanical aspects MACS has been holding clinics of the vehicle. Even modern HVAC across the country, and on Thurs- systems have experienced advances day, April 25th, we held our home- in power electronics with the use of town clinic at MACS headquarters in high voltage electric heating, air con- Lansdale, PA, to present MACS 2019 The Mobile Air Conditioning So- ditioning, and heat pump components. Mobile A/C Update Clinic. There’s ciety (MACS) Worldwide is pleased Dr. Quarto has addressed the need still time to schedule a clinic in your to sponsor the Automotive Software for higher level electronics training hometown; call us at 215-631-7020 x and Electronics Boot Camp with Dr. for technicians by creating the Auto- 306 to plan training. Mark Quarto in partnership with Fu- motive Software and Electronics Boot tureTech Auto at the MACS training Camp, an intense five-day training center in Lansdale, PA, September opportunity that will allow students to 16-20, 2019. go back to their jobs having learned the following: • Know differences and specific functions of software, firmware, and hardware systems. • Learn fundamental knowledge and skills to build microcontroller-based control applications and hardware interface tools that can be used for moni- toring, analyzing and/or diagnosing most automotive systems. • Learn how to use electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, op-amps, opto-isolators, voltage translators, logic ICs etc. to create diagnostic & testing tools with hands-on projects. • Learn how electronic devices can be used to augment vehicle circuits and the scan tool for testing or diagnosing system faults. • Learn how to create and build signal conditioning tools to interface vehicle systems with a microcontroller by using hands-on projects. • Learn how to write software 26 ACTION • June 2019 programs to perform specific Exhibitor kit now available Show at the Gaylord Opryland diagnostic and testing routines Resort and Convention Center in that can be used with/without a Nashville, TN. The MACS exhibitor scan tool. kit is now available to reserve your • Learn how to code software booth space. Don’t miss MACS 40th programs to command a micro- anniversary celebration! Visit the controller to perform functions exhibitor page on MACS website, to monitor, control, or test cir- or contact Pam Smith, MACS event Calling all potential exhibitors for cuits. manager, at 215-631-7020 x 306 or MACS 2020 Training Event and Trade • Learn how to create micro- email [email protected] ❆ controller systems that can be built for use with a scan tool or on-board vehicle system to manipulate systems operation for the purposes of circuit analysis and diagnostics without the need for purchasing expensive test tools. To register by September 1, 2019 for this exclusive program visit https://www.futuretechauto.com/mac- sbootcamp.html or call 360-207-7770

State College, PA Heavy Duty Clinic October 12

MACS will hold a MACS Heavy- Duty and Off-Road Mobile A/C Best Practices clinic on Saturday, October 12, 2019 from 8am-3pm in State Col- lege, PA, at the State College Area High School. Thanks to MACS member Justin Bierly for hosting the clinic at his training facility. Acclaimed MACS trainer Larry Turay will present the class. This is a great opportunity to understand the how-tos of A/C in big rigs. Registration can be made on the MACS website or by calling the MACS office at 215-631-7020 x 306.

June 2019 • ACTION 27 1. CSF introduces new charge air 228 different makes and 5,578 models, includ- 3. Ford taking professional service net- ing expanded coverage for several heavy-duty cooler brands such as: Allison, Bendix, Cummins, Ea- work to the next level CSF introduces new charge air coolers for ton, Navistar, Freightliner and more. Light and Ford Customer Service Division (FCSD) the Peterbilt 377-379 series of trucks. Heavy medium-duty coverage has also been expanded announces changes to the wholesale parts pro- duty bar and plate construction for heavy duty for Ford, GMC/Chevrolet, Hino, Mercedes- gram built to serve independent repair facilities. needs. Covering model years 1994-2006. For Benz, Isuzu and Mitsubishi-Fuso USA. Enhanced for 2019, the Ford Professional Ser- more information visit csfi mports.com The 3824CBL-UPG Off-Highway Upgrade vice Network (PSN) will now offer a new level Cable Kit and introductory Software enables the of rewards for Ford Parts, Motorcraft® and 2. Bosch releases new software update Bosch ESI[truck] diagnostic solution to be used Omnicraft™ customers and their businesses - for ESI[truck] including off -highway on a wide variety of off-highway vehicles and all at no cost to the installer. machinery. The new Off-Highway software “We regularly speak with our independent coverage and timesaving features repair facility customers to learn more about Bosch has released a new software version coverage is now available for the ESI[truck] and includes diagnostic coverage for construction, their businesses, challenges, expectations and 2019/1 for the ESI[truck] with thousands of new support needs,” said Reed Van Tiem, Ford PSN coverage additions aimed to save technicians agricultural, stationary engines, street sweepers and more. Additional vehicle coverage with the Marketing Manager. “As part of our ongoing time. In addition to the ESI[truck] software, the efforts to tailor our program to address those new Off-Highway Software package is avail- new update covers John Deere, Fendt, Caterpil- lar, Kubota, Volvo CE, Deutz, Perkins and more. issues, we wanted to fi nd more ways to say able, giving technicians the ability to diagnose ‘thanks’ for our customers’ loyalty to Ford, Mo- construction and agricultural vehicles. More information about the Bosch ESI[truck] and the newest software update in- torcraft and Omnicraft parts. We are thrilled to New software additions include extended offer even more exciting and valuable rewards coverage for electronic control systems, wiring cluding off-highway software can be found at www.BoschDiagnostics.com. to come from the Ford Professional Service diagrams, fault codes and troubleshooting by Network.” trouble code procedures. These additions cover The updated PSN program has a tiered membership structure, featuring a standard base program along with a new PSN Elite level of membership. Beginning January 1 of this year, loyal customers were eligible to become Ford PSN Elite members, gaining access to exclusive benefi ts at no cost to the customer. “Elite members have access to so many more benefi ts that go beyond rewards – with in- centives to help them, their employees and their businesses,” said John Hanighen, Ford Global Aftermarket Business Director. Included among the numerous benefi ts of PSN membership are: • Purchase Rewards: Members receive credit for their Ford, Motorcraft and Omnicraft pur- chases* and the opportunity to earn rewards throughout the year. It’s simple: purchase more, earn more. • Product Rebates: PSN members can enjoy the benefi t of paperless rebates in which proof of purchase is automated. Once registered for PSN, simply sign in to view and claim rebates. • Technical Training: Members have free access to Ford’s exclusive learning management system that offers the ability to take and track individual courses on a variety of topics. • Resource Library: Members are encouraged to use the program’s resource library, which contains everything from product fl yers to training videos to current product news. • Business Insights: Through the interactive 28 ACTION • June 2019 save time, boost productivity and help techni- code (DTC), providing access to information cians make more money by guiding them to the from thousands of shops that have solved the problem, while fi ltering out unnecessary steps. same problem. It also broadens their coverage and capabilities • Functional Tests and Resets - verifying com- 1. by quickly allowing them to verify component ponent operation is right at the technician’s fi n- failures. This innovation is the latest in the smart- gertips with easy-to-follow reset procedures that est, most intuitive diagnostic tools ever created. help complete the repair.

TRITON-D8’s productivity boosting fea- • Built-in Scope - the guided component test tures include: meter allows technicians to pinpoint issues, • Intelligent Diagnostics delivers all informa- helping to quickly identify the faulty compo- tion in one scrolling, easy-to-navigate screen. It nent. intuitively guides technicians straight through Accessing the Intelligent Diagnostic functions

2. the diagnostic workfl ow, from pinpointing the on the Snap-on TRITON-D8 requires a software problem to fi nding the fi x. agreement, which will keep the tool updated • Technical Service Bulletins (TSB) - access with the latest information and functionality fault codes and vehicle specifi c OEM TSBs, all available. right on the tool and reachable within a click, To fi nd out more about the line of Intelligent 3. make it the ideal place to start the diagnosis. Diagnostics tools, talk to a Snap-on representa- • Smart Data - automatically confi gures the dis- tive or visit http://diagnostics.snapon.com. ❆ play to show vehicle parameters (PIDS) relevant to the fault code, saving even more time by fi l- Send information on your new product tering out non-related data. or service to: [email protected]. All releases may be edited and publication ® • SureTrack - delivers top repairs and real fi xes does not constitute endorsement by for the specifi c vehicle and diagnostic trouble MACS Worldwide.

4. dashboard, members have access to personalized reporting to stay informed of current trends and review past performance. • Marketing Materials: As a thank-you, PSN Elite members receive complimentary welcome kits as well as gifts throughout the year. • New Elite-level beneﬁ ts: Elite members have access to discounts and offers to help improve their bottom lines and grow their businesses, such as Ford diagnostic software and hardware, in-shop marketing, shop training and technical resources. With the addition of the Elite membership level, the Ford Professional Service Network offers even more beneﬁ ts than before – all at no cost to the installer. Ford is pleased to work with and re- ward its most loyal customers, providing installers and their customers the best parts for their vehicle repairs.

4. Snap-on introduces TRITON-D8 ™ The new TRITON-D8 from Snap-on® com- pletes the family of Intelligent Diagnostic products, and provides a tool option that ﬁ ts between ™ ™ APOLLO-D8 and ZEUS . Snap-on’s broad line of Intelligent Diagnostics offers products to suit the needs and budgets of all professional repair technicians.

TRITON-D8 includes advanced features to June 2019 • ACTION 29 Why aren’t

Americans Elvis Hoff pauir

plugging in to Advertiser Index

electric vehicles? Alma Products Co./ ATCO Products ...... 19

Chemours ...... 9 AAA’s latest survey reveals that despite many Americans having interest in electric vehicles, when asked if most vehicles will be electric by 2029, only 4 in 10 said yes,” Continental-VDO ...... 12 reports Ellen Edmonds, AAA Public Relations, in a May 18, 2019 AAA release. “Yet, a separate study AAA conducted earlier this year found that more than half of Americans Dealer Automotive ...... 10 believe that in this same timeframe most cars will have the ability to drive themselves – Four Seasons ...... 32 “a reality that is much less likely to happen. AAA believes that similar to other emerging technologies, a lack of knowledge and experience may be contributing to the slow adoption of electric Global Parts Distributors ...... 26 vehicles despite Americans’ desire to go green.” Honeywell ...... 7 “Today, more than 200,000 electric cars can be found on roads across the country as almost every manufacturer sells them,” said Greg Brannon, AAA’s director of Automotive Engineering Liland ...... 14 and Industry Relations. “But, like other new vehicle technologies, Americans don’t have the full MAHLE Service Solutions ...... 5 story and that could be causing the gap between interest and action.” Edmonds writes that, “AAA’s annual survey that tracks opinions regarding electric and hybrid MEI Corporation ...... 6 vehicles found that while consumer interest remains steady, Americans may not have a solid understanding of electric vehicle performance, which may be giving consumers pause when it Omega ...... 28 comes to considering electric for their next purchase. For instance, electric vehicles, unlike those Ritchie Engineering ...... 31 running on gas, do better in stop and go traffi c because the car can recapture energy to charge the battery when decelerating. However, AAA’s survey found that a majority of Americans (59 per- Robinair ...... 13 cent) were unsure of whether electric vehicles have better range when driving at highway speeds Sanden ...... 21 or in stop and go traffi c. This demonstrates that many consumers are not sure what to expect from an electric vehicle in two of the most common driving scenarios. Santech ...... 29 “Although most Americans don’t believe electric vehicles will be on the road in masses in the next 10 years, AAA did fi nd that 40 million Americans say they would be likely to consider Schrader ...... 8 an electric vehicle for their next car purchase, with Millennials leading the pack. Concern for the T/CCI ...... 23 environment and lower long-term costs remain the leading reasons to go green (74 percent and 56 percent respectively). Previous objections to buying electric with regards to price and range Trans/Air Mfg...... 27 anxiety continue to ease and have trended downward signifi cantly: TSI Inc./SuperCool ...... 3 • Concern that there are not enough places to charge – down 11 percentage points from 2017 • Concern about running out of charge when driving – down 11 percentage points from 2017 TYC Genera ...... 11 • Higher cost of battery repair or replacement – down 8 percentage points from 2017 Universal Air Conditioner ...... 2 • Higher purchase price – down 6 percentage points from 2017 “These vehicles are a big part of the future of transportation since self-driving cars, when they do arrive, will likely be electric,” continued Brannon. “The difference, of course, is that electric vehicles are already here and with the advancements in style and range that have been made over the last few years, they have become an even more viable option for many Americans.” ❆

Elvis Hoffpauir, Editor-in-Chief You can reach Elvis at [email protected]

30 ACTION • June 2019 WHAT’S A COURTESY INSPECTION WITHOUT AN A/C SYSTEM CHECK? A MISSED OPPORTUNITY.

A REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FROM AUTOMOTIVE ® MANTOOTH KIT LETS YELLOW JACKET MAKES IT EASY AND PROFITABLE. YOU PERFORM AN A/C SYSTEM CHECK Dial up service revenue by testing every vehicle that rolls into INDEPENDENT OF THE your shop. Our ManTooth™ Wireless Digital Gauge lets you RMS UNIT. quickly check an A/C system without pulling up to the larger RMS unit or a power outlet. Readings are transmitted to any

Bluetooth-enabled smartphone or tablet. The result? Maximum RMS 37840 YL]LU\L^P[OTPUPT\TLɈVY[ DELIVERS FULLY-AUTOMATIC, FULL-CYCLE RECOVERY, RECYCLE AND RECHARGE. www.yellowjacket.com