The Role of Agroforestry in Soil Improvement .Acase Study of Nyabyeya Village Masindi District. Latworo Immelda Bem/28931/1 13/D
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THE ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY IN SOIL IMPROVEMENT .ACASE STUDY OF NYABYEYA VILLAGE MASINDI DISTRICT. LATWORO IMMELDA BEM/28931/1 13/DU A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR’S DEGREE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2013 DECLARATION I declare that this is my original work and to the best of my knowledge, it has never been submitted to any university by anybody else or institution for a degree award. Signed.l~ I~jJ~ Researchçr: LATWORO IMMELDA ol- I I Date APPROVAL This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university supervisor. Signed 4 MR. AMMON ORISHABA Supervisor Date DEDICATION I have dedicated this work to Mr. labongo peter and Mrs. labonga Florence fir their continued support and Dr. Anyadwe Philip and those one have been there since I joined Kifi. God bless you Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge that my success is due to the almighty God who has enabled me to produce this work and the entire course at large. Since proposal writing, data collection , presentation and analysis is a tiresome exercise, I had to get into contact with well informed elites for guidance and also published literature by several authors, thus i send appreciation to them. Special thanks go to several authors for publishing and availing their materials and literature at research centre’s where I had access to them. Sincere thanks go to my supervisor Mr. Ammon Orishaba who has accepted to take the task of supervising this book. iv ABSTRACT This research report explores the role of agro forestry in soil conservation in Nyabyeya village in Masindi district. The methodology to be used will be both descriptive and explanatory. Data will be collected by use of questionnaires, interviews and observation. Random sampling will be used to select interviewees’ from, among the district all beneficiaries then the findings from the research will be in position to show the approximate impact of agro forestry in soil conservation in Nyabyeya village Masindi district This research proposal is organized in three chapters that is chapter one which comprises of the introduction, problem statement, objectives of the study research question and scope of the study. Chapter two consists of the literature review where different sources from the field were analyzed more especially those which are related to the topic in question and chapter three which is about the methodology of the study Chapter four was about presentation, analysis and discussion of findings and chapter five involved conclusions, summary and recommendations. V LIST OF ACRONYMS FORRI Forestry resources research institute RAFT-ECA Regional agro forestry training team for eastern and central Africa RELMA FORRI Regional land management authority DACUM Developing curriculum ANAFE African network for agro forestry education NEMA National environmental management authority vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION APPROVAL DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT LIST OF ACRONYMS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 1 .2 Cross-cutting issues 4 1.2.1 Statement of the problem 4 1.3 objectives of the study 4 1.3.1 General objectives 4 1 .3.2 Specific objectives 4 1 .4 Research questions 5 1.5 significance of the study 5 1.6 scope of the study 5 1.6.1 Geographical scope 5 1.6.2 Content scope 6 CHAPTER TWO 7 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.0 Introduction 7 2.2 Definition of Agro forestry 7 2.3Types of Agro forestry systems include 9 2.4 Aims of Agro forestry 14 VII 3.1.3 CONTRIBUTION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN AGRO FORESTRY 17 CHAPTER THREE 19 REASEARCH METHODOLOGY 19 3.0 Introduction 19 3.1 Research design 19 3.2 Area of study 19 3.3 Sample size and study population 19 3.4 Data collection methods 19 3.5 Data collection instruments 20 3.6 validity of instruments 20 3.7 Data processing and analysis 20 3.8 limitation of the study 21 CHAPTER FOUR 22 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 22 4.0 introduction 22 4.1 Bio data of the respondents 22 4.1.1 Sex of respondents 22 4.1 .2 Marital status 23 4.1.3 Educational level 25 Table 4.3 shows the education level of respondent from Nyabyeya village Masindi district 25 Table 4.4: response on how long respondent lived in Nyabyeya village Masindi district 26 4.2 Findings on the objectives of the study on agro forestry 27 CHAPTER FIVE 28 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28 5.0 conclusions 28 5.1 Recommendations 28 5.3 AREAS OF FURTHER STUDY 29 vflI REFERENCES .30 APPENDICES 34 APPENDIX 1: BUDGET ESTIMATES 34 APPENDIX H: THE WORK PLAN 35 APPENDJX 111: QUESTIONNAIRES 36 ix CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.lBackground of the study Uganda is one of the least urbanized countries in Africa. Close to 84% of Ugandans live in rural areas and are pastoralists or practice subsistence agriculture. The 2002 Population and Housing Census confirms that 88% of Uganda’s population lives in the rural areas (The New Vision 14 Jan 2003 p.16) Location of District Masindi district is located in the mid-west part of Uganda 130 miles from Kampala and it borders Buliisa district in the north, Nakasongola district in the east, Hoima and Kiboga districts in the south and the south-east, and the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west. The district comprises of a total area of about 5,000 sq.km of which about 4,000 sq.krn is land area, about 1,000 sq.krn is wetlands and rivers, 2,843 sq.km is wildlife protected area, 1,031 sq km under forest reserve. In 2006, Masindi was split into two districts, Masindi and Buliisa. The latter took up the area bordering Lake Albert, the main freshwater system in the area. Most of the river flow stayed in Masindi district. The wetlands were shared more evenly between the two districts. Masindi district is generally a plateau land with an altitude of 1,295 meters on average above sea level. Undulating hills with some pronounced high points are spread out in the District. The highest altitude points include Kigulya 1,510 metres above sea level in Miirya sub—county, Furnbya in Bwijanga and Kaduku in Kigumba. To the west is an arm of the great Western Rift Valley. There are several features associated with Rift Valley formation such as sudden slopes and flat areas of the Murchison Falls conservation area. Climate. Masindi has a favorable climate and its rainfall pattern is bimodal. The district receives an annual long-term average rainfall of 1,304 millimeters (mm). The district has three main climatic zones according to rainfall levels: (i) high rainfall zones: These are areas, which receive more than 1000 mm of rainfall per annum. These include, Budongo, Pakanyi, Karujubu and Nyangahya 1 sub- counties; (ii) medium rainfall zones: These are areas with total amount of rainfall ranging between 800 mm — 1,000 mm per annum i.e. Kigumba, Kiryandongo sub-counties, and Bigando and Isimba parishes in Miirya sub-county; and (iii) lower rainfall zones: These are areas, which receive less than 800mm of rainfall per annum. These include Masindi Port, and Kimengo sub- counties. Major economic activities carried out in high rainfall zones include: pit-sawing especially in Budongo Forest, maize production, cassava production, sugar cane production, tobacco and banana growing. This has contributed to increased household incomes enabling the population to sustain their livelihoods. Similar activities are carried out in areas receiving medium rainfall. The major activities carried out in low rainfall zones are pastoralism, fishing and cotton growing. Vegetation The natural vegetation of Masindi district comprises of forest, dry and humid Savannah with Elephant grass prolific throughout the area. This type of vegetation provides a diverse habitat for a variety of birds and animals. The vegetation cover on these hills is dominated by moist medium-altitude forest, while the valleys contain permanent swamps. The hill vegetation provides an excellent watershed system for the drainage southward and south-east into the River Kafu, which in turn flows into the Victoria Nile. The five broad categories of vegetation of Masindi district include: tropical forests, savanna grassland and savanna woodland, swamps (permanent and seasonal) and post cultivation communities and communities where cultivation is taking place (Masindi DC, 2004). Water Resources Masindi district is endowed with a number of water bodies. The water bodies of Lake Albert are now located in Buliisa district. However, some water resources stayed in Masindi district such as the Kyoga Nile in Masindi Port, Kiryandongo and Mutunda sub counties, lake Maiha (small) in Bwijanga sub county, lake Kiyanja (small) in Miirya sub county and River Kafu in Kimengo and Bwijanga sub counties, River Waki in Budongo and Biiso sub-counties and Siipi falls in Biiso sub-county (Masindi DC, 2004). I District Environment Policy - Masindi 2 Soil type Soil type patterns in Masindi are similar throughout the district. Sandy loam soils predominate with clay loams found in Budongo excluding Nyantozi parish. Sandy soils are more pronounced in Kimengo, Masindi Port and some parts of Bwijanga sub-counties. Soil types in Masindi District, determines the type of crops grown in various areas. Domestic Water and Sanitation It is estimated that 52.2 per cent of the total population has access to safe drinking water, Of the 91,259 households in the district, only 3 per cent have access to safe drinking water on their premises, 77 per cent of the households’ access water from water facilities that are about one kilometer away from the household.