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Table of Contents Welcome to the Journal of Amateur Sport i Mission and Purpose i Call for Papers ii Journal Leadership and Editorial Board iii Foreword: On the Political Economy of Amateur Athletics 1 Joshua I. Newman and Kyle S. Bunds (Guest Editors) Community Sport Economic View and Strategic Management View toward 12 Understanding Outsourcing in Amateur Sport Seungbum Lee Social Geographies at Play: Mapping the Spatial Politics 39 of Community-Based Youth Sport Participation Amy Chan Hyung Kim, Christopher Coutts, Joshua I. Newman, Simon Brandon-Lai, and Minjung Kim Public School Sport The Salience of Sport in Cross-Race Friendship Selection 73 Gareth J. Jones, Kyle S. Bunds, Troy A. Carlton, Michael B. Edwards, and Jason N. Bocarro An Examination of Equal Access in Athletic Programs 99 Throughout Public High Schools in the United States Rebecca R. Buchanan, Eleanor Odenheimer, and Tanya R. Prewitt-White College Sport College Athletics Spending: Principals and Agents 119 v. Arms Race Rodney Fort What would the political philosophers do? An exploration 141 of ideological perspectives on ‘athlete-centered’ reform Kadence Otto Sport Discontinuation: An Assessment of Goal 164 Achievement via Empirical Measures John Patrick Marsh, Jeffrey C. Petersen, and Barbara Osborne Not Going Pro: On Seeking Lasting Returns from 188 College Sports Matthew I. Horner, Neal Ternes, and Christopher M. McLeod Welcome to the Journal of Amateur Sport I am quite excited to release our first Special Issue of the Journal of Amateur Sport (JAS). Our guest editors, Drs. Joshua Newman (Florida State University) and Kyle Bunds (North Carolina State University) did an exceptional job of creating a space where a wide-range of viewpoints on the political economy of amateur sport can be shared. I would also like to commend all the authors who have their work included in the following pages. The quality of the writing and theory advancement speaks to the quality of the call and editing from Drs. Newman and Bunds and I believe the ideas in this issue will have an impact on, and be cited in, a number of fields. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue as much as I have. Jordan Bass, Ph.D., University of Kansas Co-Editor and Founder of JAS Mission and Purpose The overarching mission of the Journal of Amateur Sport (JAS) is to provide scholars an outlet in which to share scholarship relevant to the amateur sports realm. We define amateur sport as those who participate and govern at the youth, recreational, community, international, and intercollegiate level. We acknowledge the tenuous debate surrounding the amateurism of intercollegiate athletics, thus at this time we welcome examinations that are focused on the less commercialized avenues of college sport participation and governance (especially NCAA Division II, III, and other less publicized governing bodies and settings). Submissions from all disciplines are encouraged, including sociology, communication, and organizational behavior. Similarly, we welcome a wide array of methodological and structural approaches, including conceptual frameworks, narratives, surveys, interviews, and ethnographies. As an open-access journal, submissions should be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike. In all, the content published in JAS should advance the collective understanding of the participants, coaches, administrators, and/or institutional structures that comprise amateur sports worldwide. We challenge authors to submit Journal of Amateur Sport Special Issue: Political Economy Leadership i creative and nontraditional manuscripts that are still high-quality in nature. Authors are encouraged to email the editors before submitting if they are unsure if their manuscript is a proper fit within JAS. Call for Papers Thank you for considering the Journal of Amateur Sport (JAS) for your scholarly work. Please follow the guidelines laid out below when submitting your manuscript to JAS. Visit http://www.jamsport.org and click “Submit Now” to begin the submission process. To aid in the double-blind review process, please include three separate files: (1) a title page with corresponding author information, (2) an abstract of no more than 500 words with no identifying information, and (3) the full manuscript with no identifying information. The manuscript should not have been simultaneously submitted for publication or been published previously. Manuscripts should follow the current Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association with exception to the elements noted below. The document must be double-spaced, in Garamond font, size 14, and utilize one inch margins throughout. Maximum length, including references and figures, is 50 pages. Be sure to include a running header, page numbers, and footnotes (when appropriate). Authors are responsible for receiving permission to reproduce copyrighted material before submitting their manuscript for publication. There is no charge for submission or publication. Authors will be provided with a free digital and print copy of published articles. JAS is an open-access, online journal and thus strongly encourages the posting and sharing of published articles by authors on their personal and departmental websites, Google Scholar, and e-portfolios once they are posted to the JAS website. Authors should expect a maximum 60-day turnaround time from initial submission to receiving the initial review. Submissions that are determined to be outside of the scope or not appropriate for JAS are subject to desk rejection. If an article is deemed fit for publication, the author(s) must sign a publishing agreement before the article is officially accepted. Submissions will be subjected to a double- blind review from at least two members of the editorial board (or outside reviewers when appropriate). Journal of Amateur Sport Special Issue: Political Economy Leadership ii Journal Leadership and Editorial Board Leadership Co-Editors of Special Issue on the Political Economy of Amateur Sport Joshua I. Newman, Florida State University and Kyle S. Bunds, North Carolina State University Co-Editor and Founder: Jordan R. Bass, University of Kansas Co-Editor: Brian S. Gordon, University of Kansas Associate Editor: Kyle S. Bunds, North Carolina State University Associate Editor: Mark Vermillion, Wichita State University Contributing Executive Council: Earle Zeigler Production Director: Claire C. Schaeperkoetter, University of Kansas Editorial Board Kwame Agyemang Louisiana State University Emeka Anaza James Madison University Chris Barnhill Louisiana State University Jonathan Casper North Carolina State University Cassandra Coble Indiana University Simon Darnell University of Toronto Travis Dorsch Utah State University Brendan Dwyer Virginia Commenwealth University Travis Feezell University of the Ozarks Rick Grieve Western Kentucky University Marion Hambrick University of Louisville Journal of Amateur Sport Special Issue: Political Economy Leadership iii Meg Hancock University of Louisville Cody Havard University of Memphis Timothy Kellison University of Florida Shannon Kerwin Brock University Ryan King-White Towson University Geoffery Kohe University of Worcester Leeann Lower Ball State University Marshall Magnusen Baylor University Brian McCullough Seattle University Chad McEvoy Northern Illinois University Nicole Melton University of Massachusetts Amherst Katie Misener University of Waterloo Joshua Newman Florida State University Calvin Nite Texas Tech University Dawn Norwood Wingate University Julie Partridge Southern Illinois University Ted Peetz Belmont University Ann Pegoraro Laurentian University Adam Pfleegor Mississippi State University Lamar Reams Old Dominion University Steve Ross University of Concordia – St. Paul Michael Sam University of Otago Jimmy Sanderson Clemson University Chad Seifried Louisiana State University Clay Stoldt Wichita State University Sarah Stokowski University of Arkansas Nefertiti Walker University of Massachusetts Amherst Daniel Wann Murray State University Stacy Warner East Carolina University Janelle Wells University of South Florida Craig Williams University of Exeter Masa Yoshida Biwako Seikei Sport College Journal of Amateur Sport Special Issue: Political Economy Leadership iv Special Issue Foreword On the Political Economy of Amateur Athletics Joshua Newman1 Kyle Bunds2 Special Issue Co-Editors 1Florida State University 2North Carolina State University Joshua Newman (Ph.D., Maryland) is Director of the Center for Sport, Health, and Equitable Development and Associate Professor of Sport, Media, and Cultural Studies at Florida State University. He is also Associate Chair and Director of Doctoral Studies in the Department of Sport Management. He has published two books and over 60 articles and chapters on issues related to social inequalities, cultural (bio)politics, and political economics and ecologies of sport and physical activity. His most recent book, Sport, Spectacle, and NASCAR Nation (Palgrave, with M. Giardina) was awarded NASSS’s Outstanding Book for 2012 and was named as a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title in 2013. His work has been published in top international journals such as the Sociology of Sport Journal, Body & Society, Qualitative Inquiry, and the Journal of Sport & Social Issues. Kyle S. Bunds (Ph.D., Florida State) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management at North Carolina State University, where his research and teaching examines the connection between sport and the environment