DOCSLIB.ORG

Uso De Microhábitat Y Termorregulación En Sceloporus Horridus Horridus (Wiegmann 1939) (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uso De Microhábitat Y Termorregulación En Sceloporus Horridus Horridus (Wiegmann 1939) (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) ISSN 0065-1737 Acta Zoológica MexicanaActa Zool. (n.s.), Mex. 29(1): (n.s.) 153-163 29(1) (2013) USO DE MICROHÁBITAT Y TERMORREGULACIÓN EN SCELOPORUS HORRIDUS HORRIDUS (WIEGMANN 1939) (SAURIA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE) MARÍA GUADALUPE BUSTOS ZAGAL1, JAVIER MANJARREZ2 & RUBÉN CASTRO-FRANCO1† 1Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. (MGBZ) <[email protected]>, (RCF) <[email protected]> 2Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Instituto Literario 100. Toluca, Esatdo de México. CP 50000 †Autor de correspondencia Bustos Z., M. G., Manjarrez, J. & Castro-Franco, R. 2013. Uso de microhábitat y termorregulación en Sceloporus horridus horridus (Wiegmann 1939) (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 29(1): 153-163. RESUMEN. En este trabajo se examina el uso que hace Sceloporus horridus de los diferentes micro- hábitats durante el día, año, por sexo, por edad, en diferentes intervalos de altura y sus implicaciones para la termorregulación y la conservación. El 49.5% de las lagartijas usan árboles, 32.62% rocas y 2.3% arbustos (χ2 = 216.06, gl 3, p < 0.05). El uso de microhábitat por edades, con los sexos separados, reveló diferencias significativas entre crías, subadultos y adultos. En hembras, las crías utilizan con mayor frecuencia las rocas, mientras que las subadultas y adultas utilizan árboles (χ2 = 13.38, gl 6, p < 0.05). En machos, las crías y subadultos usan rocas, y los adultos árboles (χ2 = 15.22, gl 4, p < 0.05). La distribución altitudinal tiene efectos en el uso de hábitat; en el intervalo altitudinal de 800 a 1,100 m, estas lagartijas tienden a ser más arborícolas, y entre los 1,100 y 1,400 m usan con mas frecuencia las rocas (χ2 = 36.21, gl 6, p < 0.05). En la época de sequía hubo una diferencia significativa en el uso de los microhábitats entre las 9:00 y 14:00 horas, con el mayor número de avistamientos sobre árboles y rocas. En la temporada de lluvias no hubo diferencias significativas en el uso de microhábitat entre las horas del día. La temperatura promedio del cuerpo fue 33.52 °C (22.0-39.0 °C ± 2.9). No hubo diferencias significativas de la temperatura corporal de lagartijas en diferentes microhábitats. En todos los microhá- bitats las temperaturas cloacales fueron entre 2 °C y 3 °C más altas que las temperaturas del aire y sus- trato. La mayor cantidad de avistamientos fue entre las 10:00 y 15:00 h, por lo que se considera a estas lagartijas de hábitos diurnos con sistema de calentamiento tigmotermo y heliotermo. Hubo diferencias significativas (F1,414 = 5.0918, p = 0.024561) en la temperatura cloacal de lagartijas entre los períodos de lluvias (33.2 °C ± 3.17, n = 215) y secas (34.2 °C ± 5.4, n = 201). Los árboles son importantes para la termorregulación en esta especie; sin embargo, aunque las lagartijas podrían vivir en zonas deforestadas de selva baja caducifolia es posible que tengan problemas para termorregular por la reducción de los periodos de actividad. Palabras clave: Termorregulación, lagartijas, Morelos. Recibido:15/05/2012; aceptado: 21/11/2012. 153 Bustos Zagal et al.: Uso de microhábitat y termorregulación en Sceloporus horridus horridus Bustos Z., M. G., Manjarrez, J. & Castro-Franco, R. 2013. Microhabitat use and thermoregulation in Sceloporus horridus horridus (Wiegmann 1939) (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 29(1): 153-163. ABSTRACT. This paper examines the use of different microhabitats throughout the day, year, by sex, by age, at different intervals of altitude and its implications for thermoregulation and conservation. Overall 49.5% of the lizards used trees, 32.62% rocks and less often 2.3% shrubs (χ2 = 216.06, gl 3, p < 0.05). The analysis of microhabitat used by sex revealed significant differences among young, fe- male, and male (χ2 = 7.24, gl 6, p < 0.05). The young females most often used rocks, while subadults and adults preferred to use trees (χ2 = 13.38, gl 6, p < 0.05). In males, subadults and young used rocks, and adults trees (χ2 = 15.22, gl 4, p < 0.05).The altitudinal distribution has an effect on habitat use; in the altitudinal range of 800 to 1,100 m these lizards have a tendency to be more arboreal, and between 1,100 and 1,400 m more frequently used rocks (χ2 = 36.21, gl 6, p < 0.05). In the dry season there was a significant difference in the use of microhabitats between 9:00 and 14:00 hours, with the highest number of sightings on trees and rocks. In the rainy season there was no significant difference in the analysis of microhabitat use over the hours of the day. The average body temperature was 33.52 °C (22.0-39.0 ± 2.9). There were no significant differences in body temperature of lizards in different microhabitats. Cloacal temperatures in all microhabitats were 2 °C and 3 °C higher than air temperatures and substrate. Most sightings were between 10:00 and 15:00 hours so this species is considered a diurnal lizard show- ing thigmothermy and heliothermy. There were significant differences (F1,414 = 5.0918, p = 0.024561) in the lizard cloacal temperatures between the rainy (33.2 °C ± 3.17, n = 215) and dry seasons (34.2 °C ± 5.4, n = 201). Trees are important for thermoregulation in this species; however, even though these lizards could live in deforested areas, they might encounter thermoregulatory difficulties due to reduced periods of activity. Key words: Microhabitat use, thermoregulation, conservation, lizards. INTRODUCCIÓN Con el uso de distintos tipos microhábitats las lagartijas controlan la temperatura del cuerpo, y la eficiencia de este proceso depende de su habilidad para buscar fuentes de calor. La exposición directa a los rayos del sol y la permanencia en diferentes intervalos de tiempo sobre la superficie caliente de las rocas, permiten aumentar la temperatura del cuerpo (Bellairs et al. 1975). Sin embargo, las condiciones térmicas varían entre los distintos microhábitats, por lo que una especie con amplia tolerancia térmica, es capaz de aprovechar todos los microhábitats posibles. No obstante, este comportamiento puede estar influenciado por la competencia, debido a que distintas especies también buscan los mismos hábitats para termorregular (Angert et al. 2002, Grover 1996, Smith & Ballinger 2001). Para reducir la competencia, algunas especies modifican sus períodos de actividad y el uso de los distintos microhábitats a lo largo del día, y entre las estaciones del año (Shine & Lambeck 1989). Se ha observado que la temperatura del cuerpo en las lagartijas está relacionada significativamente con la temperatura del aire y del sustrato (Huey & Pianka 1977, Woolrich-Piña et al. 2006). En temporadas de frío (invierno) las lagartijas normal- mente están activas sólo al mediodía, mientras que en la época de calor (verano) están activas todo el día. Sceloporus horridus horridus tiene un amplio intervalo de 154 Acta Zool. Mex. (n.s.) 29(1) (2013) tolerancia térmica, con una temperatura cloacal mínima de 17 °C, una máxima de 40 °C, y temperatura óptima entre los 33 °C y 36 °C, lo que contribuye a explicar la ocupación de distintos microhábitats (Castro-Franco & Aranda 1984). En este trabajo se presenta información para responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿hay diferencias en el uso de los distintos microhábitats a lo largo del día, entre los dos sexos y entre edades?, ¿hay variaciones en el uso de microhábitats entre los períodos de lluvias y secas?, ¿el uso de los distintos microhábitats cambia con la altitud?, y ¿el uso de los distintos microhábitats tiene efectos sobre la termorregulación? MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS El total de los 423 registros que forman la base de datos utilizada en este trabajo pro- vienen de ejemplares observados y capturados en áreas de selva baja caducifolia, en la región centro sur de Morelos, en un intervalo altitudinal de 900 a 1400 m, como parte de las exploraciones de campo de Castro-Franco & Aranda (1984) y Castro- Franco & Bustos-Zagal (1992). Este tipo de vegetación se caracteriza por una marca- da estacionalidad, con una temporada de secas de octubre a mayo y una de lluvias de junio a septiembre (Aguilar 1990). La temperatura media anual en esta región llega a los 22°C, la temperatura más alta ocurre en mayo (26.5°C), y la mas baja entre enero y diciembre (20.5°C). Los datos procesados para este trabajo fueron los siguientes: fecha, sexo, tipo de microhábitat, hora de captura, temperatura cloacal (T°C), temperatura del sustrato (T°S), temperatura del aire (T°A) y altitud en metros sobre el nivel del mar. La cate- goría de microhábitat fue asignada a sitios específicos donde se observó por primera vez cada lagartija; entre ellos se incluyen el suelo, rocas, árboles y arbustos. Las tem- peraturas fueron obtenidas al momento de la captura con un termómetro cloacal tipo Schulteis (cloacal Quick-Reading Thermometers 0/50 ºC) de registro rápido. Asimis- mo, de todos los ejemplares se obtuvieron registros de la longitud hocico-cloaca en mm (LHC). Como hembras adultas fueron consideradas aquellas con tamaño prome- dio de 86.32± D.E 7.94 mm de LHC (71.0–101.0 mm), machos de 90.66 ± D. E. 12.79 mm de LHC (72.0-111.0 mm), subadultos de 55.5 ± D.E 8.3 (40.0- 70.0) y crías de 30.0± D.E 8.2 mm (20.0-39.0 mm). Los especímenes y la base de datos están deposi- tados en la Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (CARUM, http://www.cib.uaem.mx/herpetologia_colecciones.html).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Neuromechanics of Maneuverability: Sensory-Neural and Mechanical Processing for the Control of High-Speed Locomotion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b79g7xw Author Mongeau, Jean-Michel Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Neuromechanics of Maneuverability: Sensory-Neural and Mechanical Processing for the Control of High-Speed Locomotion By Jean-Michel Mongeau A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biophysics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Robert J. Full, Chair Professor Noah J. Cowan Professor Ronald S. Fearing Professor Frederic E. Theunissen Spring 2013 Neuromechanics of Maneuverability: Sensory-Neural and Mechanical Processing for the Control of High-Speed Locomotion 2013 by Jean-Michel Mongeau Abstract Neuromechanics of Maneuverability: Sensory-Neural and Mechanical Processing for the Control of High-Speed Locomotion by Jean-Michel Mongeau Doctor of Philosophy in Biophysics University of California, Berkeley Professor Robert J. Full, Chair Maneuverability in animals is unparalleled when compared to the most maneuverable human- engineered mobile robot. Maneuverability arises in part from animals’ ability to integrate multimodal sensory information with an ongoing motor program while interacting within a spatiotemporally
    [Show full text]
  • COSTA RICA: the Introtour (Group 1) Feb 2017
    Tropical Birding Trip Report COSTA RICA: The Introtour (Group 1) Feb 2017 A Tropical Birding set departure tour COSTA RICA: The Introtour 13th - 23rd February 2017 (Group 1) Tour Leader: Sam Woods (Report and all photos by Sam Woods) This Keel-billed Toucan lit up our first afternoon, near Braulio Carrillo National Park. The same day also featured Thicket Antpitta and THREE species of owl during the daytime… Ferruginous Pygmy, Crested and Spectacled Owls. 1 www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Page Tropical Birding Trip Report COSTA RICA: The Introtour (Group 1) Feb 2017 INTRODUCTION There can be few countries in the World as welcoming to birders as Costa Rica; everywhere we went birds were plentiful and frequently people with binoculars were in attendance too. Indeed, Costa Rica makes you feel odd if you are NOT wearing a pair. We enjoyed a fantastic tour of some of the most revered sites in Costa Rican birding; we started out near San Jose in the dry Central Valley, before driving over to the Caribbean side, where foothill birding was done in and around Braulio Carrillo National Park, and held beautiful birds from the outset, like Black-and-yellow Tanager, Black-thighed Grosbeak, and daytime Spectacled and Crested Owls. A tour first was also provided by a Thicket Antpitta seen well by all. From there we continued downslope to the lowlands of that side, and the world famous La Selva Biological Station. La Selva is a place where birds feel particularly plentiful, and we racked up a heady list of birds on our one and a half days there, including Rufous and Broad-billed Motmots, Black-throated Trogon, Pale-billed, Cinnamon and Chestnut-colored Woodpeckers, Keel-billed and Yellow-throated Toucans, and Great Curassow, to name just a few of the highlights, which also included several two-toed sloths, the iconic Red-eyed Tree Frog (photo last page), and Strawberry Poison Dart Frogs of the much publicized “blue jeans” form that adorns so many tourist posters in this Sarapiqui region.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae, Linstowiinae) from the Lizard Sceloporus Malachiticus (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae) from Panama
    DOI: 10.2478/s11686-010-0001-y © 2010 W. Stefan´ski Institute of Parasitology, PAS Acta Parasitologica, 2010, 55(1), 53–57; ISSN 1230-2821 A new species of Mathevotaenia (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae, Linstowiinae) from the lizard Sceloporus malachiticus (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae) from Panama Charles R. Bursey1*, Stephen R. Goldberg2 and Sam R. Telford, Jr.3 1Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, USA; 2Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, California 90608, USA; 3The Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA Abstract Mathevotaenia panamaensis sp. nov. (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae, Linstowiinae) from a green spiny lizard, Sceloporus mala- chiticus, collected in Panama is described. This is the first species of Mathevotaenia reported from a lizard host. The new species is most similar to Mathevotaenia bivittata in that mature eggs are concentrated along the lateral margins of the proglot- tids. Major differences between the two species include oval cirrus sac in M. bivittata, a spherical cirrus sac in M. panamaen- sis; ovary compact consisting of 10–15 short lobules in M. bivittata, ovary bilobed with each lobe consisting of 3–4 lobules in M. panamaensis. Keywords Cestoda, Mathevotaenia panamaensis, Squamata, Sceloporus malachiticus, Panama Introduction propanol and deposited in the herpetology collection of the Florida Museum of Natural History (FMNH). In a helminthological survey of lizards from Panama, 1 indi- vidual of the green spiny lizard, Sceloporus malachiticus Cope, 1864, was found to harbor 12 individuals of a species of Description a linstowiine cestode. Sceloporus malachiticus is known from parts of Costa Rica, Panama, El Salvador, Honduras and Mathevotaenia panamaensis sp.
    [Show full text]
  • I Exploring the Relationship Between Paleobiogeography, Deep-Diving
    Exploring the Relationship between Paleobiogeography, Deep-Diving Behavior, and Size Variation of the Parietal Eye in Mosasaurs By Andrew M. Connolly Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. __________________________________ Stephen T. Hasiotis, Chairperson __________________________________ Rafe M. Brown __________________________________ Jennifer A. Roberts Date Defended: March 25, 2016 i The Thesis Committee for Andrew M. Connolly certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Exploring the Relationship between Paleobiogeography, Deep-Diving Behavior, and Size Variation of the Parietal Eye in Mosasaurs __________________________________ Stephen T. Hasiotis, Chairperson Date Approved: March 25, 2016 ii ABSTRACT Andrew M. Connolly, M.S. Department of Geology, March 2015 University of Kansas The parietal eye (PE) in modern squamates (Reptilia) plays a major role in regulating body temperature, maintaining circadian rhythms, and orientation via the solar axis. This study is the first to determine the role, if any, of the PE in an extinct group of lizards. We analyzed variation in relative size of the parietal foramen (PF) of five mosasaur genera to explore the relationship between PF size and paleolatitudinal distribution. We also surveyed the same specimens for the presence of avascular necrosis—a result of deep- diving behavior—in the vertebrae. Plioplatecarpus had the largest PF followed by Platecarpus, Tylosaurus, Mosasaurus, and Clidastes. A weak relationship exists between paleolatitudinal distribution and PF size among genera, as Plioplatecarpus had the highest paleolatitudinal distribution (~78°N) and the largest PF among genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Temperatures of Sceloporus Anahuacus from a Montane Zone of Northeastern Estado De México, Mexico
    Body temperatures of Sceloporus anahuacus from a montane zone of northeastern Estado de México, Mexico. LUIS E. ÁVILA-BOCANEGRA1, GEOFFREY R. SMITH2,4, GUILLERMO A. WOOLRICH- PIÑA1,3 AND JULIO A. LEMOS-ESPINAL3 1Laboratorio de Paleontología y Geobiología. ESIA Ticomán “Ciencias de la Tierra”, IPN. Av. Ticomán # 600, Col. San José Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, México D. F. C. P. 07340. 2Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023 USA. 3Laboratorio de Ecología. UBIPRO, FES Iztacala UNAM. Av. De los Barrios # 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Estado de México, México. C. P. 54090. 4Author for Correspondence: [email protected] nformation on the thermal ecology of lizards body size, sex and reproductive condition, and Iis important because our ability to understand microhabitats on body temperatures. the potential for climate change to affect the future distributions of species depends in part MATERIALS AND METHODS on our understanding of current relationships of We conducted the study in Isidro Fabela (19° 32’ species with their thermal environments. Given 41” N, 99° 29’ 20” W and 3200 m elevation), that a recent study has suggested the potential for northeastern Estado de México, Mexico. Mean major negative impacts of climate change on the annual temperature and precipitation are 12°C and abundance and distribution of Mexican lizards 800 mm, respectively. Plant species include Pinus (Sinervo et al., 2010), the more information we can montezumae, Pinus sp., Stipa ichu, Muhlenbergia gather on temperature relationships of lizards the sp., Festuca sp., Outeloa sp., Bachaeris conferta, better we might be able to predict such changes. The and Senecio praecox, principally (Rzedowski, body temperatures and temperature relationships of 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • 2011: a Survey of Disease Conditions in Pet Store Reptiles with Diagnostic and Therapy Options
    A SURVEY OF DISEASE CONDITIONS IN PET STORE REPTILES WITH DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPY OPTIONS Drury Reavill, DVM, DABVP (Avian), DACVP,1* Chris Griffin, DVM, DABVP (Avian)2 1Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, 2825 KOVR Drive, West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA; 2Avian & Exotic Veterinary Hospital, 2100 Lane Street, Kannapolis NC 28083, USA ABSTRACT: This is a review of the disease processes identified in a population of reptiles (n=349) sold through a pet store chain over the time period from 2003 to 2010. In broad categories there are 50 chelonians, 180 lizards, and 119 snakes. KEY WORDS: reptiles, disease survey, lizard, snake, tortoise, turtle, diagnostics, therapy INTRODUCTION The species of chelonians include: Russian Tortoise Testudo horsfieldii n=33, red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans n=8, turtle, not specified n=5, and one each Malayan box turtle, Cuora amboinensis, box turtle, Terrapine species, African side neck turtle, Pelomedusidae family, and red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria). The species of snake submitted for examination include: ball python (Python regius) n=54, ‘red tail’ boa, Boa constrictor constrictor n=48, corn snake, Elaphe guttata n=10, snake not specified n=3, and one each ribbon snake, Thamnophis sauritus, milk snake, Lampropeltis triangulum, Garter snake, Thamnophis species, and green tree python, Morelia viridis. The species of lizards submitted for examination include: leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius n=59, bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps n=42, green water dragons (Physignathus cocincinus) n=20, common green iguana, Iguana iguana n=17, gecko, not specified n=15, anole, family Polychrotidae n=7, Savannah monitor, Varanus exanthematicus n=6, Lizards, not specificed n=6, emerald Swift, Sceloporus malachiticus n=3, blue tongue skink, Tiliqua species n=2, chameleon, not specified n=2, and Ameiva, family Teiidae n=1.
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterización Del Ecosistema Páramo, Y Evaluación De Variables Que Lo Afectan En Los Volcanes Irazú Y Turrialba
    Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal Tesis de Graduación Caracterización del ecosistema Páramo, y evaluación de variables que lo afectan en los volcanes Irazú y Turrialba Oscar Mora Montero Cartago, Costa Rica 2010 Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal Tesis de Graduación Caracterización del ecosistema Páramo, y evaluación de variables que lo afectan en los volcanes Irazú y Turrialba Oscar Mora Montero Cartago, Costa Rica 2010 RESUMEN Se realizó una caracterización de la cobertura vegetal y de la fauna del páramo de los volcanes Irazú y Turrialba; adicionalmente, se realizó una evaluación de dos variables que afectan este, como es el caso del fenómeno de la lluvia ácida producto de la actividad volcánica y el posible efecto del cambio climático. Se utilizó un muestreo sistemático con arranque aleatorio en un área de 1996,7ha con una intensidad de muestreo de 0,05% para el Volcán Turrialba e intensidades de 0,02%, 3,5% y 0,08% para tres distintos estratos en el Volcán Irazú, se establecieron parcelas de 10m x 10m donde se recolecto la información necesaria para analizar el ecosistema, los datos para el análisis de fauna se hicieron con base en observaciones tanto directas como indirectas de las especies. Para el caso del cambio climático se utilizó un modelo creado por el Centro del Agua del Trópico Húmedo para Latinoamérica y el Caribe (CATHALAC) y un modelo creado por el Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, y se adecuó para el área de estudio. Florísticamente se obtuvo un total de 18 especies en el Volcán Turrialba y un total de 38 especies para el caso del Volcán Irazú, entre ambos sitios con coeficientes de diversidad que se acercaban al 0.6-0.7 teniendo ambos bastante similitud.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Phrynosomatid Lizards Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data, and a Revised Phylogeny for Sceloporus
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (2010) 150–161 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetic relationships of phrynosomatid lizards based on nuclear and mitochondrial data, and a revised phylogeny for Sceloporus John J. Wiens a,*, Caitlin A. Kuczynski a, Saad Arif a, Tod W. Reeder b a Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA b Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4164, USA article info abstract Article history: Phrynosomatid lizards are among the most common and diverse groups of reptiles in western North Received 31 March 2009 America, Mexico, and Central America. Phrynosomatidae includes 136 species in 10 genera. Phrynoso- Revised 10 August 2009 matids are used as model systems in many research programs in evolution and ecology, and much of this Accepted 8 September 2009 research has been undertaken in a comparative phylogenetic framework. However, relationships among Available online 12 September 2009 many phrynosomatid genera are poorly supported and in conflict between recent studies. Further, pre- vious studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences suggested that the most species-rich genus (Scelop- Keywords: orus) is possibly paraphyletic with respect to as many as four other genera (Petrosaurus, Sator, Urosaurus, Mitochondrial DNA and Uta). Here, we collect new sequence data from five nuclear genes and combine them with published Nuclear DNA Phrynosomatidae data from one additional nuclear gene and five mitochondrial gene regions. We compare trees from Phylogeny nuclear and mitochondrial data from 37 phrynosomatid taxa, including a ‘‘species tree” (from BEST) Reptiles for the nuclear data.
    [Show full text]
  • Size Classes, Sex Ratio, and Body Temperatures of Sceloporus Malachiticus at Monteverde, Costa Rica
    Size Classes, Sex Ratio, and Body Temperatures of Sceloporus malachiticus at Monteverde, Costa Rica Theodore Garland, Jr. Sceloporus is a wide-ranging genus throughout North America, Mexico, and Central America. "Fence lizards" are common in many habitats and frequently occur on or around human habitations. Temperate species are seasonally active, but tropical species such as -S. malachiticus are active year-round. Walter James' house in Monteverde, Costa Rica, supports.- an unusually high density of this species, and hence afforded the opportunity to study a (presumably) rather discrete population. Methods Individual 2. malachiticus were captured by slip noose or by hand on 25-28 July, 1981. All captures occurred between 10:12 and 15:30. Deep cloaca1 (body) temperatures (Tb) were measured to the nearest O.l°C with a Wesco quick-registering mercury thermometer, immediately after capture. Ambient temperatures (Ta) were recorded with a mercury thermometer placed exposed to the sun. Ta ranged between 21.0 and 27.0°C during times of capture Snout-vent lengths were measured to the nearest mm. Body weights were measured to the nearest 0.5 g on a Pesola spring scale (0-100 g). The sex of each animal was determined based on the presence of enlarged post-anal scales in males. Each individual was toe clipped using the following system: 3 8 l2 45 Head 67 g10 RF V LF e RR LR 102~304~50Tail 60708090100 Some individuals captured were already toe clipped, presumably by Richard K. Laval, a ~onteverderesident who has studied this population previously. Each individual was also given a unique mark with red nail polish to facilitate subsequent casual observations of behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole-Chromosome Fusions in the Karyotype Evolution of Sceloporus (Iguania, Reptilia) 2 Are More Intense in Sex Chromosomes Than Autosomes 3 4 Artem P
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.011619; this version posted April 1, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Whole-chromosome fusions in the karyotype evolution of Sceloporus (Iguania, Reptilia) 2 are more intense in sex chromosomes than autosomes 3 4 Artem P. Lisachov1, Katerina V. Tishakova2,4, Svetlana A. Romanenko2,4, Anna S. 5 Molodtseva2, Dmitry Yu. Prokopov2, Jorge C. Pereira3, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith3, Pavel 6 M. Borodin1,4, Vladimir A. Trifonov2,4 7 1 – Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 8 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia 9 2 – Institute of molecular and cellular biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian 10 Branch, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia 11 3 – Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary 12 Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 13 4 – Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 14 Keywords: lizards, synaptonemal complexes, flow-sorted chromosome probes, FISH, next- 15 generation sequencing 16 17 Abstract 18 There is a growing body of evidence that the common ancestor of vertebrates had a bimodal 19 karyotype, i.e. consisting of large macrochromosomes and small microchromosomes. This 20 type of karyotype organization is preserved in most reptiles. However, certain species 21 independently experience microchromosome fusions. The evolutionary forces behind this are 22 unclear. We investigated the karyotype of the green spiny lizard, Sceloporus malachiticus, an 23 iguana species which has 2n=22, whereas the ancestral karyotype of iguanas had 2n=36.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Assessment of Potential Invasiveness of Exotic Reptiles Imported to South Florida
    Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-009-9667-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Risk assessment of potential invasiveness of exotic reptiles imported to south Florida Ikuko Fujisaki • Kristen M. Hart • Frank J. Mazzotti • Kenneth G. Rice • Skip Snow • Michael Rochford Received: 5 February 2009 / Accepted: 16 November 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract The recent explosion of exotic reptiles in predict establishment success of 33 reptiles that were south Florida requires effective management strate- most frequently imported through Miami and St. gies. The objective of this study is to bring knowledge Petersburg ports from 2000 to 2005 and two additional of ecological correlates and quantitative modeling reptiles of concern in Florida, we identified eight methods into management by providing the foundation lizards and four snakes as potentially successful for a screening procedure that will identify potentially invaders. We further assessed adverse impacts associ- invasive species and assess adverse impacts associated ated with potential invaders, should they become with these species. We considered 17 variables and, established, by identifying species that are (1) danger- based on model selection procedures, we identified the ous to humans, (2) dangerous to the ecosystem (upper following significant predictors of establishment suc- trophic-level predators), and (3) rapidly spreading. cess: taxonomic order, maximum temperature match Controlling exotic reptiles can be expensive and labor between a species’ native range and Florida, animal intensive once they are established. Information on sale price, and manageability (defined as a species’ which species are potential invaders based on screen- maintenance cost, aggressiveness, proneness to ing procedures and what impacts these species might escape, and venomousness).
    [Show full text]