TIES OF THE TUDORS The Influence of Margaret Beaufort and her Web of Relations on the Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership P.V. Smolders Student Number: 1607022 Research Master Thesis, August 2016 Supervisor: Dr. Liesbeth Geevers Leiden University, Institute for History Ties of the Tudors The Influence of Margaret Beaufort and her Web of Relations on the Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership. Pauline Vera Smolders Student number 1607022 Breestraat 7 / 2311 CG Leiden Tel: 06 50846696 E-mail:
[email protected] Research Master Thesis: Europe, 1000-1800 August 2016 Supervisor: Dr. E.M. Geevers Second reader: Prof. Dr. R. Stein Leiden University, Institute for History Cover: Signature of Margaret Beaufort, taken from her first will, 1472. St John’s Archive D56.195, Cambridge University. 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations 3 Introduction 4 1 Kinship Networks 11 1.1 The Beaufort Family 14 1.2 Marital Families 18 1.3 The Impact of Widowhood 26 1.4 Conclusion 30 2 Patronage Networks 32 2.1 Margaret’s Household 35 2.2 The Court 39 2.3 The Cambridge Network 45 2.4 Margaret’s Wills 51 2.5 Conclusion 58 3 The Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership 61 3.1 Margaret’s Reputation and the Role of Women 62 3.2 Mother and Son 68 3.3 Preserving Tudor Rulership 73 3.4 Conclusion 76 Conclusion 78 Bibliography 82 Appendixes 88 2 Abbreviations BL British Library CUL Cambridge University Library PRO Public Record Office RP Rotuli Parliamentorum SJC St John’s College Archives 3 Introduction A wife, mother of a king, landowner, and heiress, Margaret of Beaufort was nothing if not a versatile women that has interested historians for centuries.