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Manufacturing Processesprocesses
MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING PROCESSESPROCESSES - AMEM 201 – Lecture 10 : Machining Processes Grinding and other Abrasive Machining Processes DR. SOTIRIS L. OMIROU Abrasive Machining Abrasive machining uses tools that are made of tiny, hard particles of crystalline materials. Abrasive particles have irregular shape and sharp edges. The workpiece surface is machined by removing very tiny amounts of material at random points where a particle contacts it. By using a large number of particles, the effect is averaged over the entire surface, resulting in very good surface finish and excellent dimension control , even for hard, brittle workpieces. Abrasive machining is also used to machine brittle materials . Such materials cannot be machined easily by conventional cutting processes since they would fracture and crack in random fashion. 2 1 The main uses of grinding and abrasive machining 1. To improve the surface finish of a part manufactured by other processes. Examples: (a)A steel injection molding die is machined by milling. The surface finish must be improved for better plastic flow, either by manual grinding using shaped grinding tools, or by electro-grinding. (b) The internal surface of the cylinders of a car engine are turned on a lathe. The surface is then made smooth by grinding, followed by honing and lapping to get an extremely good, mirror-like finish. (c) Sand-paper is used to smooth a rough cut piece of wood. 3 The main uses of grinding and abrasive machining 2. To improve the dimensional tolerance of a part manufactured by other processes Examples: (a)ball-bearings are formed into initial round shape by a forging process; this is followed by a grinding process in a specially formed grinding die to get extremely good diameter control (≤ 15µm). -
UP-6178F Lab Tape Casting Machine
UP-6178F Lab Tape Casting Machine Description: Laboratory tape casting machine is suitable for mixing, plasticizing and extruding of TPU, engineering plastics, modified plastics, masterbatch and other high polymer. It has the characteristics of uniform dispersion, plasticizing and coloring, filling and modification. It is mainly used in the fields of casting film product forming, casting material formulation development, casting material performance research, etc., such as transporting materials to casting machine to produce casting film products, etc. Suitable for laboratory test and quality control, teaching research and small-scale production. Introduction: This machine is single layer casting and sheet extrusion equipment. It is suitable for the testing and evaluation of the casting performance of polymer materials, the research and development of new product formula, etc. it is the first choice of equipment for major manufacturers and scientific research institutions. Application scope: 1. Test and evaluation of casting performance of polymer materials 2. R & D of new product formula 3. Optimization of production process parameters 4. Small scale production of thin film 5. Quality control Parameters: Single screw extruder: 1. Screw: ¢ 20mm PE, EVA, special screw 2. Screw speed: 0-95rpm frequency conversion speed regulation 3. Length diameter ratio: 1:28 4. Screw material: 38CrMoAl chrome molybdenum alloy, surface treated by tempering, nitriding, chrome plating, polishing and ultra precision grinding, hardness HRC 5. 55 ~ 60, roughness Ra ≤ 0.4 μ m, nitriding layer depth ≥ 0.6mm 6. Barrel material: 38CrMoAl chrome molybdenum alloy, surface treated by tempering, nitriding, chrome plating, polishing and ultra precision grinding, hardness HRC 7. 55 ~ 60, roughness Ra ≤ 0.4 μ m, nitriding layer depth ≥ 0.6mm 8. -
GRINDING Abrasive Machining
GRINDING Abrasive machining: •The oldest machining process - “abrasive shaping” at the beginning of “Stone Era”. •Free sand was applied between two moving parts to remove material and shape the stone parts. Grinding: • Removing of metal by a rotating abrasive wheel. (Very high speed, Shallow cuts) • the wheel action similar to a milling cutter with very large number of cutting points. •Grinding was first used for making tools and arms. SURFACE GRINDING: Depth of Cut: 2-5 thou, 50-125 microns Work Table reciprocates beneath the wheel, Longitudinal feed Wheel crossfeed (Transverse feed) and infeed What makes the grinding different? Large number of cutting edges that are very small and made of abrasive grits. The cutting edges cut simultaneously. Very fine and shallow cut are only possible good surface finish (<Ra=0.8) and dimensional accuracy Finishing and important Operation Abrasive grits are extremely hard very hard material can be machined. e.g. hardened steel, glass, carbides, ceramics etc. Features with strict tolerance and surface finish are machined by grinding. e.g. Turbine Blade Fir-tree, Bearing seat diameters, tool making, tool repair, etc. Mesh sizes: 4 240 for grinding 240 600 for honing & lapping The shape of the grain affects accuracy of the grain screening GRINDING WHEELS Abrasive bonded together in a disk (wheel) three main factors influence the performance of the grinding wheel: a) Abrasive material b) Bonding material c) Structure Abrasives different for: Grinding (Bonded wheel) Honing (Bonded, very fine) Snagging (Bonded, belted) Lapping ( Free abrasives) Abrasive grains are bonded together to form tools (wheels) Abrasive NATURAL & MANUFACTURED A. -
Portable Hand Power Threader 1/2” - 2”
PORTABLE HAND POWER THREADER 1/2” - 2” Read this Operator’s Manual carefully before using this tool. Failure to understand and follow the contents of this manual may result in electrical shock, fire and/or serious personal injury. ITEM NUMBER: 3306601 Standard Equipment Specifications: PT ® Portable Hand Power Drive Threading Capacity: Pipe 1/2" through 2" •Six Die heads with Dies: 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”, 1-1/4”, 1-1/2”, 2” Motor Type: Universal •Support Arm Power: 1000 Watts •Sturdy Plastic Carrying Case Volts: 110V / 60Hz. Switch: heavy load, with safety lock. Reduction Gearbox: Cast aluminum alloy. Body: Hardened fiberglass plastic shell. Length: 19.5” Weight: 14 lbs. FOR PRODUCT OR WARRANTY INFORMATION CONTACT ARGCO - PIPINGTOOLS DIVISION PHONE: 800-854-1015 • FAX: 760-727-3270 2610 COMMERCE WAY • VISTA, CA 92081 www.pipingtools.com PT ® POWER HAND THREADER General Safety Information • When operating a power tool outside, use an outdoor extension cord marked “W-A” or “W”. These cords are rated for outdoor use and reduce the risk of electrical shock. Read and understand all instructions. • Use only three-wire extension cords which have three-prong Failure to follow all instructions listed below may grounding plugs and three-pole receptacles which accept the tool’s result in electric shock, fire, and/or serious plug. Use of other extension cords will not ground the tool and personal injury. increase the risk of electrical shock. • Use proper extension cords. (See chart.) Insufficient conductor size Work Area Safety will cause excessive voltage drop and loss of power. • Keep your work area clean and well lit. -
5.1 GRINDING Definitions
UNIT-V GRINDING AND BROACHING 5.1 Grinding Definitions Cutting conditions in grinding Wheel wear Surface finish and effects of cutting temperature Grinding wheel Grinding operations Finishing Processes Introduction Finishing processes 5.1 GRINDING Definitions Abrasive machining is a material removal process that involves the use of abrasive cutting tools. There are three principle types of abrasive cutting tools according to the degree to which abrasive grains are constrained, bonded abrasive tools: abrasive grains are closely packed into different shapes, the most common is the abrasive wheel. Grains are held together by bonding material. Abrasive machining process that use bonded abrasives include grinding, honing, superfinishing; coated abrasive tools: abrasive grains are glued onto a flexible cloth, paper or resin backing. Coated abrasives are available in sheets, rolls, endless belts. Processes include abrasive belt grinding, abrasive wire cutting; free abrasives: abrasive grains are not bonded or glued. Instead, they are introduced either in oil-based fluids (lapping, ultrasonic machining), or in water (abrasive water jet cutting) or air (abrasive jet machining), or contained in a semisoft binder (buffing). Regardless the form of the abrasive tool and machining operation considered, all abrasive operations can be considered as material removal processes with geometrically undefined cutting edges, a concept illustrated in the figure: The concept of undefined cutting edge in abrasive machining. Grinding Abrasive machining can be likened to the other machining operations with multipoint cutting tools. Each abrasive grain acts like a small single cutting tool with undefined geometry but usually with high negative rake angle. Abrasive machining involves a number of operations, used to achieve ultimate dimensional precision and surface finish. -
University Micrdfilms International 300 N
INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. -
CBN & Diamond Grinding Wheels
1 CBN & Diamond Grinding Wheels 2 3 Contents 4 6 24 About the CBN and Diamond For company Grinding Wheels users NAXOS-DISKUS Diamond and Application form Schleifmittelwerke GmbH Cubic Boron Nitride Technical information The DVS TECHNOLOGY GROUP Application-specific development at NAXOS-DISKUS Grinding wheel construction The key component: AUMENTO bonding Technical specification 4 5 About the company NAXOS-DISKUS NAXOS-DISKUS Schleifmittelwerke the extensive experience of the The The DVS TECHNOLOGY GROUP is With a unique combination of GmbH was founded as NAXOS- DVS mechanical engineering and made up of Germany-based compa- machining technologies, tooling Schleifmittelwerke UNION in Frankfurt in 1871, and production companies, a fact which DVS TECHNOLOGY nies focusing on the turning, gear innovation and production experi- cutting, grinding and gear honing ence for the machining of vehicle manufactures precision grinding GmbH is clearly refl ected in the quality GROUP technologies. Besides engineering powertrain components DVS is one tools for greatly differing applica- and design of the grinding wheels. and manufacturing machine tools as of the leading system suppliers in tions. The product range covers Special products such as mill well as grinding and honing tools, the industry. abrasive wheels for double face wheels, leather polishing rollers, DVS operates two production sites where automotive parts are The DVS TECHNOLOGY GROUP grinding, outer diameter grinding, nurit rollers and bulk abrasives machined in series production has more than 1,000 employees centerless grinding as well as gear supplement the extensive range of exclusively on DVS machines. This worldwide. On key markets like grinding and gear honing, from products. -
Small Tools, Office Supplies & Equipment And
SMALL TOOLS, OFFICE SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT AND CONSUMABLES & EXPENDABLES LIST This list is provided as a guide and is not deemed to be a full and complete list. Page 1 of 7 2107686.1 PART I SMALL TOOLS, OFFICE SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT LIST The following schedule of small tools, office supplies and equipment is included as a guide in defining and/or classifying items as small tools, office supplies and equipment, and is not deemed to be a full and complete list. • Concrete Buddie - Hand A C • Consumables – paper (including letterhead), pens, pencils (wood & • Adapter – socket drive • Cabinet – File – all mechanical), erasers, white out, staples, • Adding Machine • Cable – Welding paper and bulldog clips, knives and • Adzes • Calculators blades, scissors, ruler and other straight • Agitators – paint – handheld, desk – all edges, scales, file folders and hangers, • Air Hoses • Calliper – Inside 6” white, chalk and peg boards, markers, • Aligner – metal door frame • Calliper – Outside 6” tape dispensers and tape, computer disks, push pins, binders, elastics • Aligner – pipe, lever type • Calliper – Vernier 12” • Cooler • Anvil • Cameras – video, Polaroid and still with • Augers lenses and tripods – all – Water, electric • • Axes Car mover – Construction • Carrier • Creeper – Auto mechanic B – Brick, timber • Cutter – Angle iron • Cutter – BX armor • Band-it-tool – Hand • Cutter – Bolt all • Banding Machine • Cart – Welding, cylinder trucks • Cutter – Cable • Bar – crow, wrecking, pitch point • Caulking gun • Cutter – Hydraulic with heavy duty • Belts – safety, pole climbing • Caulking irons cutter head • Bender – conduit pipe, rebar, sheet • Cement, masonry jointing tools • Cutter – gasket, machine, vise mount or metal, tubing • Chains – Log and cable hand • Binder/Cinch – load and • Chain – Measuring, complete with • Cutter – Pipe all chains/belts/cables reducer - 100 ft. -
Safety and Operating Manual
SAFETY AND OPERATING MANUAL PIPE THREADING MACHINE MODEL NO. 250 1” Capacity Please record your machine Model No. and Serial No. which are located on nameplate. Model No. Serial No. WARNING: For your own safety and effective operation, read this Safety and Operating Manual carefully and completely before assembling and operating this unit. Failure to understand and follow the contents of this manual may result in electrical shock, fire and/or serious personal injury. Store this manual on your hand Save this manual for future reference CONTENTS Safety Information ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 3 Parts Name ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 6 Description, Specification and Standard Equipments・・・・・・・・ 7 Preparing for Operation ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 8 1. Machine Mounting ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 8 2. Machine Inspection ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 8 3. Machine and Work Area Set-Up ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 9 4. Cutting Oil Lubrication ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 10 Machine Operation・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 11 1. Installing and Removing Pipe ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 11 2. Cutting Pipe・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 12 3. Reaming Pipe ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 12 4. Threading Pipe ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 13 Adjustment of Die Head ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 14 1. Replacement Dies ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 14 2. Selection of Size ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 14 3. Adjustment for Thread O.D. ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 15 4. Adjustment for Thread Length ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 15 Maintenance Instruction ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 16 1. Lubrication ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 16 2. Carbon Brush Replacement・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 16 -
Experimental Study of the Subsystems in a Microscale Additive Manufacturing Process
JOM, Vol. 71, No. 3, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3223-3 Ó 2018 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION Experimental Study of the Subsystems in a Microscale Additive Manufacturing Process NILABH K. ROY, 1 DIPANKAR BEHERA,1 OBEHI G. DIBUA, 1 CHEE S. FOONG, 2 and MICHAEL CULLINAN 1,3 1.—Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. 2.—NXP Semiconductors, Austin, TX, USA. 3.—e-mail: [email protected] High-throughput manufacturing of complex 3D architectures for microscale products such as microelectronics is limited by the resolution of existing additive manufacturing processes. This paper presents experimental testing and validation of the major subsystems in a microscale selective laser sin- tering (l-SLS) process that is capable of fabricating true-3D metallic micro- architectures with microscale feature size resolutions. In l-SLS, the part quality and throughput of the sintering process are largely determined by the precision, accuracy, and speed of the subsystems including: (1) the optical subsystem, (2) the global positioning mechanism, (3) the XY nanopositioning stage, and (4) the powder bed dispensing system. This paper shows that each of these subsystems can maintain the sub-micrometer precision and accuracy required to produce metal parts with microscale resolutions. Preliminary sintering results with optimized process parameters show the potential of the l-SLS process to fabricate complex metal parts with sub-10- lm resolution at high rates. INTRODUCTION vertical layer-by-layer integration of conducting and insulating layers. Conventional interconnect Additive manufacturing (AM) has been driving fabrication involves several steps including lithog- complex and innovative product design in the raphy (optical lithography/electron beam lithogra- electronics, biomedical, and aerospace industries phy), deposition, etching, and diffusion. -
8090 Operation Booklet
50/60Hz PIPE THREADING MACHINE 8090 OPERATION MA取N扱U説A明L書 Be sure to read this Operation Manual before using the machine. - Note - - Be sure to hand this operation manual to the user. - To ensure safe and efficient use, read the manual thoroughly before using the machine. - Be sure to keep the manual where the operator can refer to it whenever necessary. Date of purchase: Year Month Distributor: Thank you for purchasing a WHEELER REX pipe threading machine. Precision-engineered for cutting, reaming, threading and, with our optional Portable Groovers, grooving steel and stainless steel (option) pipes, our product will give you years of reliable service if you simply follow the instructions in this manual carefully. Before using the machine, therefore, make sure you read the manual from start to finish, paying particular attention to the Safety Considerations on pages 1 & 2 and Precautions on pages 3 & 4. To avoid accident and injury, never use the machine for any purposes other than those described in this manual. Should you need further advice, contact your distributor or WHEELER REX. CONTENTS Safety Considerations .............................................................................. 1 Precautions .........................................................................................3 Main Parts, Specifications, Standard Accessories, Usage.....................................5 Getting Ready 1. Transportation ..............................................................................6 2. Machine set up .............................................................................6 -
Ct 250 Nd Soluble Oil for Machining/Grinding Applications on All Metals - Chlorinated
METAL WORKING FLUID | TECHNICAL DATA SHEET CT 250 ND SOLUBLE OIL FOR MACHINING/GRINDING APPLICATIONS ON ALL METALS - CHLORINATED PRODUCT DESCRIPTION APPLICATION CT 250 ND is a water emulsifiable, soluble oil cutting and grinding fluid. CT 250 ND exhibits a balanced lubrication regime of both boundary lubricant additives and chlorine for extreme pressure requirements. CT 250 ND forms a clean and stable emulsion in all water types and is formulated with a non- formaldehyde biocide to extend the serviceable sump life of the emulsion. CT 250 ND combines tenacious film strength with improved cooling capacity found only in water reducible products. It is particularly well suited for a variety of cutting and grinding operations such as broaching, tapping, gear shaping, deep drilling, boring, screw machining, end milling, and reaming of hard steels and nickel alloys. CT 250 ND is applicable for use on both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. COMPATIBLE METALS Cast Iron Carbon Steel FEATURED BENEFITS Tool Steel • Unusually tight emulsion for a soluble oil. Improves wetting and cooling Stainless Steel for superior tool life. Aluminum • Reduced Consumption: A stable tight emulsion reduces usage from carry Titanium Inconel out when compared with other soluble oils. Bronze • Additive Independent: No need for tank side pH buffers, emulsifiers, or Copper costly and hazardous biocides Brass • Cost effective regardless of whether you have individual sumps or large central systems MACHINING CAPABILITIES • Applicable for both ferrous and non-ferrous metal applications