Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation in the Region of the Americas

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Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation in the Region of the Americas Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation in the Region of Americas Control Tobacco Developing Manual for Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation in the Region of the Americas Health solutions for the poor Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation in the Region of the Americas Sustainable Development and Environmental Health Area PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty- third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037, USA 2013 Also published in Spanish (2013) with the title: Manual para desarrollar legislación para el control del tabaco en la Región de las Américas. ISBN: 978-92-75-31746-4 PAHO HQ Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ************************************************************************************************************ Pan American Health Organization. Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation in the Region of the Americas. Washington, DC : PAHO, 2013. 1. Smoking - legislation & jurisprudence. 2. Tobacco - adverse effects. 3. Tobacco Industry - legislation & jurisprudence. 4. Control and Sanitary Supervision of Tobacco-Derived Products. 5. Tobacco-Derived Products Publicity. 6. Consumption of Tobacco-Derived Products. 7. Americas. I. Title. ISBN 978-92-75-11746-0 (NLM classification: WA754 DA1) The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to Editorial Services, Entity of Knowledge Management and Communications (KMC), Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. ([email protected]). The Area of Sustainable Development and Environmental Health will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. © Pan American Health Organization, 2013. All rights reserved. Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights are reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Pan American Health Organization concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the Pan American Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the Pan American Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the Pan American Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Contents Preface �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ix Foreword ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xi Acknowledgments �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xiii Abbreviations �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... xvii Chapter 1. Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 1.1 Overview of the tobacco epidemic in the world and the Region ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 2 1.1.1 Mortality attributable to tobacco ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 1.1.2 Prevalence of tobacco consumption ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 1.1.3 Cost-effectiveness of tobacco control................... ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Overview of the international legal framework ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 1.2.1 The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 1.2.2 Guidelines for implementation of the WHO FCTC ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 1.2.3 Why legally binding and enforceable measures? ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 6 1.3 Tobacco control and international human rights law obligations ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 The link between tobacco control polices and human rights instruments ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8 1.3.2 Progressive realization of protection of the right to health ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 1.4 Legislation and litigation ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.4.1 Article 19 of the WHO FCTC ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.4.2 Litigation and the development of legislative frameworks for tobacco control ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.5 Tobacco and trade ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 1.5.1 The World Trade Organization ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 1.5.2 International Investment Agreements ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 1.6 Other considerations ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 1.6.1 Youth interventions versus adult interventions: A false dichotomy ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 1.6.2 Electronic nicotine delivery systems ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 References ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Annex 1. Treaties and conventions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Manual for Developing Tobacco Control Legislation iii Annex 2. Countries in the Region of the Americas that are Parties to inter-American and United Nations treaties �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
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