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Ch 14- Work Design – 10Ed Chapter 14 Work Design 1-Describe the engineering approach to work design. 2-Explore and evaluate the motivational approach to work design. 3-Discuss and apply the principles of sociotechnical systems work design. 4-Learn how to design work to meet technical and personal needs. 1 The Engineering Approach The most efficient work designs can be determined by clearly specifying the tasks The Engineering to be performed, the work methods to be used, and the work flow among Approach individuals. The engineering approach scientifically analyzes workers’ tasks to discover those procedures 1 that produce the maximum output with the minimum input of energies and resources. 2 Emphasize high levels of specialization and specification. 3 What are the benefits of engineering approach to work designs? The engineering approach produces two kinds of work design one is traditional jobs and the 4 second is traditional work groups. 5 What are the limitations of engineering approach to work designs? 2 The Motivational Approach It views the effectiveness of organizational activities primarily as a function of The Motivational member needs and satisfaction, and seeks to improve employee performance and Approach satisfaction by enriching jobs. Provides people with opportunities for autonomy, responsibility, closure (that is, doing a 1 complete job), and performance feedback. 2 The weaknesses of old approaches “Herzberg’s motivation and hygiene factors”. 3 The new approach “Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model”. Skill variety – task identity – task significance – autonomy – feedback. 3 The Motivational Approach The Core Dimensions of Jobs 4 The Motivational Approach Application Stages 1 Making a Thorough Diagnosis. 2 Forming Natural Work Units. 3 Combining Tasks. 4 Establishing Client Relationships. 5 Vertical Loading. 6 Opening Feedback Channels. 5 The Motivational Approach Barriers to Job Enrichment 1 The technical system. 2 The human resource system. 3 The control system. 4 The supervisory system. Results of Job Enrichment 6 The Sociotechnical Systems Approach Conceptual Background An organization or work unit is a combined, social-plus-technical system STS (sociotechnical), and that this system is open in relation to its environment. 1 Sociotechnical System (a social part + a technical part = joint optimization). 2 Environmental Relationship (boundary management). 7 The Sociotechnical Systems Approach Self Managed Work Teams Self Managed members performing interrelated tasks and they are responsible for a complete Work Teams product or service, or a major part of a larger production process. Also known as Self directed teams - self regulating teams – high performance work teams 1 How they work? 2 Hay it is widely used? 8 The Sociotechnical Systems Approach Self Managed Work Teams “Model” 9 The Sociotechnical Systems Approach Self Managed Work Teams “How to over come problems and barriers?” 1 Recruitment and selection. 2 Training. 3 Evaluation and reward systems. 4 Leadership support systems. 5 Use of freed-up time. 10 The Sociotechnical Systems Approach Self Managed Work Teams “Application Stages” 1 Sanctioning the design effort. 2 Diagnosing the work system. 3 Generating appropriate designs. 4 Specifying support systems. Implementing and evaluating the work 5 Continual change and improvement. designs. 6 Results of Self Managed Work Teams 11 Designing Work for Technical and Personal Needs Technical Factors 12 Designing Work for Technical and Personal Needs Personal Need Factors 13 Designing Work for Technical and Personal Needs Meeting Both Technical and Personal Needs The ideal situation (satisfying both technical and human needs to achieve work-design success) 1 is difficult to attain. 2 What to do technology and people are incompatible? Second strategy compromise. (what a First strategy change. (what?). b & How?). The strategy of designing work to bring technology and people more into line with each other is 3 preferable to the compromise work-design strategy. 14.
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