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Marie Pace-Dissertation DISSERTATION ABSTRACT This dissertation is a qualitative study investigating how a North American based citizen diplomacy effort—the Compassionate Listening Project—is working to promote peace and reconciliation between Arabs and Jews in Israel, Gaza and the West Bank. This study is placed in the context of examining citizens’ emerging role as peacebuilders in divided societies. Using participant observations and in-depth interviews, this study looks at how citizens involved with this project construct and reconstruct the meaning of conflict, peace and peacebuilding through their words, behaviors and interactions. This approach allows for an exploration of the full dynamics of the project, taking into account social, political and historical dimensions. Examining the project from multiple standpoints, this research further reveals the resonance, convergencies, dissonance and disjunctures in individual and organizational beliefs and goals with regards to peacebuilding strategies and goals. These findings further illuminate how ordinary citizens grapple with the complex matters that arise in ethnic and identity-based conflict. In particular, they reveal the ways that citizens aim at pursuing social justice agendas (which often aggravate social tensions) and agendas of reconciliation (which seek to heal those same tensions) at the same time. Illuminated through this project’s experiences are valuable clues about how citizens are attempting to negotiate what John Paul Lederach has described as the tension between revolutionary and resolutionary approaches to peacebuilding. This work contributes to the literature of peacebuilding and Palestinian-Israeli peace and conflict resolution. In particular, it contributes to the neglected area of Americans involvement in citizen based peace processes. THE COMPASSIONATE LISTENING PROJECT: A CASE STUDY IN CITIZEN DIPLOMACY AND PEACEMAKING By Marie Pace B.A. Portland State University, 1985 M.A. University of Oregon, 1993 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctoral of Philosophy in Social Science in the Graduate School of Syracuse University May 2005 Approved_________________________________ Professor Sari Biklen Date________________________________ Copyright 2005 Marie Pace All rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface vi One: Introduction 1 Two: Theories and Perspectives on Peacebuilding and Social Change 20 Three: Methods and Procedures 61 Four: Negotiating Paradox 89 Five: Stories from the Third Side 117 Six: Diplomatic Agendas 162 Seven: Conclusion 232 Bibliography 257 v PREFACE Reaching the end of this project, it is humbling to realize just how many individuals I have to thank for support that made this project possible. It is a joy and honor to have this opportunity to express how grateful I am to everyone. First and foremost, my thanks goes to Leah Green for her sustained receptiveness to this project and for her willingness to make time for me whenever I needed to speak with her. Similarly, Carol Hwochinsky, my first “contact,” has repeatedly extended herself to let me know that she supported what I was doing. Her friendship has become one I will always cherish. To all of my Compassionate Listening cohort from the November 1999 and March 2000 delegations, I feel both gratitude and affection to each of you for our common experience on these trips and for your willingness to so openly and warmly accept and include me as the researcher . My affection and special thanks goes to Reena Lazaar and to Ann Flatte, my roommates respectively during each of the two trips. Of all our many conversations, I treasure the ones that took place once we were each tucked in our beds, lights out, lasting sometimes long into the night. And Reena, who continues to be such a dear friend, I am grateful for your curiosity and interest in the questions I was asking and how that has compelled me to keep looking and reflecting long after our initial shared experience. My thanks goes to all the Compassionate Listening alumni who took time to speak with me while I was conducting my preliminary research. Andrea Cohen-Kiener and Larissa Keets stand out for your warm and generous sharing of your selves and your time during that early phase of research. vi To every Palestinian and Israeli who made themselves available for interviews and conversations, this project owes a deep debt of thanks. For the many in the region who are working for peace, thank you so much for your courage, your hard work and for your tenacious care. What I learned personally from the examples of your lives goes beyond measure. My gratitude for the in kind contributions of those who offered me places to stay, along with kind hospitality during my time in the region. To Deborah Blank and Daniel Marks, who each offered me a “home” while I was conducting my fieldwork. To Deborah, who invited me to housesit her beautiful Abu Tor apartment during the weeks following the November 1999 trip. And to Daniel, who so graciously offered me the spare room in his house for close to two months following the March 2000 trip. I still can’t believe my good fortune. In addition to our conversations, I have Raviv Schwartz to thank for invited me into his household as one of the family, extending the comfort of his lovely Tel Aviv home so I could collect myself upon arriving and departing from Israel. The success of my visits to the West Bank is owed in such large part to Hisham Sharabatti, and to the hospitality of he and his family. His auntie, grandmother, grandfather and sisters are all embedded in my memory for their kindness, good humor and the stories that Hisham so patiently translated for my benefit. Not only did Hisham make many of the interviews possible, but also through our long conversations, he continually enriched my understanding of that which I had come to learn about. vii During the initial stages of developing the proposal for this research, I sought the advice of several individuals: Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Kevin Avruch, Bob Bogdan, Pat Coy, Louis Diamond, Marc Gopin, Louis Kriesberg and Jay Rothman. I am grateful to all of them for the comments and questions that were instrumental in shaping and guiding the research. In the case of Louis Kriesberg, I am especially grateful. On innumerable occasions he has been available to respond to questions. The final work was strengthened by his comments on earlier writing. I can not express how validating and encouraging this support was to me. My committee has also been an invaluable source of support, advice and encouragement. This dissertation owes so much to their guidance. Conducting preliminary research in her Advanced Qualitative Methods course, Sari Biklen became the first to affirm and share my confidence that I had found an interesting and valuable topic. Sari, I have so much to thank you for, but I especially want to say thank you for so consistently reflecting that initial enthusiasm for the project. And to John Burdick, whom I admire and appreciate so much, it is my valued good fortune that my entire tenure as a graduate student at SU has included knowing you and working with you. I want to thank John Murray for his detailed and thoughtful attention to my work. And to my readers, Mohammed Abu-Nimer and Bruce Dayton, who each offered a careful reading of the dissertation, along with insightful and valuable feedback. Finally, my thanks goes to Mara Sapon-Shevin, the University Chair of my committee, for her affirming comments and her provocative and sensitive questions. viii When I finally started writing, Brian Blancke and Christine McKenna, as my dissertation support group, played a crucial role in keeping the momentum moving forward. Every one of those conversations, all that feedback and every ounce of encouragement that you gave, it all mattered more than you may ever know. I can’t thank you each enough. To you especially Brian, I am so honored to have shared this journey with you as both a friend and a colleague. So much of this dissertation was birthed through our dialogue, and to your willingness to push with hard questions and to offer inspiring suggestions. To so many friends, loved ones and colleagues, both near and far, who continually cheered me on, even through the darkest, most difficult moments of doubt. A special thanks goes to Katherine Gregory, Karen Lovaas and Virginia Swain. Katherine, with whom I so enjoy reflecting and thinking, thank you for your unwavering faith in me. And to Karen, thank you for your enduring friendship and for all that I learn each time we talk. Virginia Swain read my first data chapter and offered encouraging comments. Thank you Virginia, for that and so much more. How grateful I am to Joan L. Bolker, writing coach par excellance, for her uncanny ability to give the words “just keep writing” such fresh and compelling meaning regardless of how many times she would repeat them. Thank you Joan, for your interest and enthusiasm in the unfolding of the writing, and for teaching me how I could trust the very act of writing to discover what it is I had to say. So clearly, without the support of my family, I could have never finished. Gratitude beyond expression goes to my mother Lena Irene Pace, whom I must thank ix for so many of my better qualities. Especially during those many years when it was just the two of us, you taught me to love and grow through the best and worst of times. And finally, my deepest thanks goes to my husband, Ray DiCapua, for his steadfast encouragement, wise counsel, patience and unquestioning willingness to endure with me the many sacrifices and hardships that completing a dissertation entails. But, most of all, your commitment to looking deeply into this life with honest and loving attention has been my touchstone, reminding me over and over again that there is good reason to trust in the human capacity to develop a more just and peaceful world.
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