Breve Historia De Linux Y El Movimiento Del Software Libre
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Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H. SALUS Peter H. Salus is the author of A n June 1991, at the USENIX conference in Nashville, BSD NET-2 was Quarter Century of UNIX (1994), announced. Two months later, on August 25, Linus Torvalds announced Casting the Net (1995), and The his new operating system on comp.os.minix. Today, Android, Google’s Daemon, the Gnu and the Penguin I (2008). [email protected] version of Linux, is used on over two billion smartphones and other appli- ances. In this article, I provide some history about the early years of Linux. Linus was born into the Swedish minority of Finland (about 5% of the five million Finns). He was a “math guy” throughout his schooling. Early on, he “inherited” a Commodore VIC- 20 (released in June 1980) from his grandfather; in 1987 he spent his savings on a Sinclair QL (released in January 1984, the “Quantum Leap,” with a Motorola 68008 running at 7.5 MHz and 128 kB of RAM, was intended for small businesses and the serious hobbyist). It ran Q-DOS, and it was what got Linus involved: One of the things I hated about the QL was that it had a read-only operating system. You couldn’t change things ... I bought a new assembler ... and an editor.... Both ... worked fine, but they were on the microdrives and couldn’t be put on the EEPROM. So I wrote my own editor and assembler and used them for all my programming. Both were written in assembly language, which is incredibly stupid by today’s standards. -
Руководство По Установке Debian GNU/Linux Руководство По Установке Debian GNU/Linux Copyright © 2004 – 2015 Команда Разработчиков Программы Установки Debian
Руководство по установке Debian GNU/Linux Руководство по установке Debian GNU/Linux Copyright © 2004 – 2015 Команда разработчиков программы установки Debian Данный документ содержит инструкции по установке системы Debian GNU/Linux 8 (“jessie”) для архитектуры 32-bit hard-float ARMv7 (“armhf”). Кроме того, в нём указаны источники более подробной информации и описаны методы наиболее эффективного применения системы Debian. Замечание: Несмотря на то, что данное руководство по установке на armhf полностью соответствует текущей программе установки, планируется внести некоторые изменения и провести реорганизацию документа после официального выпуска jessie. Свежую версию этого руководства можно найти в Интернете на домашней странице debian-installer (http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/). Там же находятся дополнительные переводы руководства. Это руководство является свободным программным обеспечением; вы можете его распространять и/или модифицировать на условиях Стандартной Общественной Лицензии GNU. С текстом соглашения можно ознакомиться здесь: Прил. F. Содержание Установка Debian GNU/Linux 8 на armhf.................................................................................ix 1. Добро пожаловать в Debian...................................................................................................1 1.1. Что такое Debian? .............................................................................................................1 1.2. Что такое GNU/Linux? .....................................................................................................2 -
Annual Report
[Credits] Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY 4.0). All text by John Hsieh and Georgia Young, except the Letter from the Executive Director, which is by John Sullivan. Images (name, license, and page location): Wouter Velhelst: cover image; Kori Feener, CC BY-SA 4.0: inside front cover, 2-4, 8, 14-15, 20-21, 23-25, 27-29, 32-33, 36, 40-41; Michele Kowal: 5; Anonymous, CC BY 3.0: 7, 16, 17; Ruben Rodriguez, CC BY-SA 4.0: 10, 13, 34-35; Anonymous, All rights reserved: 16 (top left); Pablo Marinero & Cecilia e. Camero, CC BY 3.0: 17; Free This report highlights activities Software Foundation, CC BY-SA 4.0: 18-19; Tracey Hughes, CC BY-SA 4.0: 30; Jose Cleto Hernandez Munoz, CC BY-SA 3.0: 31, Pixabay/stevepb, CC0: 37. and detailed financials for Fiscal Year 2016 Fonts: Letter Gothic by Roger Roberson; Orator by John Scheppler; Oswald by (October 1, 2015 - September 30, 2016) Vernon Adams, under the OFL; Seravek by Eric Olson; Jura by Daniel Johnson. Created using Inkscape, GIMP, and PDFsam. Designer: Tammy from Creative Joe. 1] LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 2] OUR MISSION 3] TECH 4] CAMPAIGNS 5] LIBREPLANET 2016 6] LICENSING & COMPLIANCE 7] CONFERENCES & EVENTS 7 8] LEADERSHIP & STAFF [CONTENTS] 9] FINANCIALS 9 10] OUR DONORS CONTENTS our most important [1] measure of success is support for the ideals of LETTER FROM free software... THE EXECUTIVE we have momentum DIRECTOR on our side. LETTER FROM THE 2016 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR DEAR SUPPORTERS For almost 32 years, the FSF has inspired people around the Charity Navigator gave the FSF its highest rating — four stars — world to be passionate about computer user freedom as an ethical with an overall score of 99.57/100 and a perfect 100 in the issue, and provided vital tools to make the world a better place. -
Praise for the Official Ubuntu Book
Praise for The Official Ubuntu Book “The Official Ubuntu Book is a great way to get you started with Ubuntu, giving you enough information to be productive without overloading you.” —John Stevenson, DZone Book Reviewer “OUB is one of the best books I’ve seen for beginners.” —Bill Blinn, TechByter Worldwide “This book is the perfect companion for users new to Linux and Ubuntu. It covers the basics in a concise and well-organized manner. General use is covered separately from troubleshooting and error-handling, making the book well-suited both for the beginner as well as the user that needs extended help.” —Thomas Petrucha, Austria Ubuntu User Group “I have recommended this book to several users who I instruct regularly on the use of Ubuntu. All of them have been satisfied with their purchase and have even been able to use it to help them in their journey along the way.” —Chris Crisafulli, Ubuntu LoCo Council, Florida Local Community Team “This text demystifies a very powerful Linux operating system . in just a few weeks of having it, I’ve used it as a quick reference a half dozen times, which saved me the time I would have spent scouring the Ubuntu forums online.” —Darren Frey, Member, Houston Local User Group This page intentionally left blank The Official Ubuntu Book Sixth Edition This page intentionally left blank The Official Ubuntu Book Sixth Edition Benjamin Mako Hill Matthew Helmke Amber Graner Corey Burger With Jonathan Jesse, Kyle Rankin, and Jono Bacon Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. -
Firewall De Baixo Custo Para Empresas De Pequeno Porte Com Um Equipamento Arm
UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS GIOVANI TOGNON FIREWALL DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA EMPRESAS DE PEQUENO PORTE COM UM EQUIPAMENTO ARM TRABALHO DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO PATO BRANCO 2016 GIOVANI TOGNON FIREWALL DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA EMPRESAS DE PEQUENO PORTE COM UM EQUIPAMENTO ARM Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação, apresentado à disciplina de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2, do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Pato Branco, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Tecnólogo. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Eden Ricardo Dosciatti PATO BRANCO 2016 RESUMO TONGON, Giovani. Firewall de baixo custo para empresas de pequeno porte com um equipamento ARM. 2016. 75 f. Monografia (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso) - Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Pato Branco. Pato Branco, 2016. Com o objetivo de fornecer um firewall de baixo custo para empresas de pequeno porte com tecnologia ARM, este projeto usa hardware e softwares de código aberto. Com a instalação do sistema operacional Linux no equipamento ARM foi implementado um firewall, com o intuito de proteger as aplicações contra ataques oriundos da Internet. Também foi implantado um Proxy com autenticação por usuário e senha para liberação do acesso à Internet e com filtros de conteúdo que efetuam a liberação ou bloqueios de acessos indevidos feitos pelos usuários. O projeto contém um sistema para geração de relatórios diários dos acessos de cada usuário com a intenção de aprimorar os filtros de conteúdo. -
Debian 1 Debian
Debian 1 Debian Debian Part of the Unix-like family Debian 7.0 (Wheezy) with GNOME 3 Company / developer Debian Project Working state Current Source model Open-source Initial release September 15, 1993 [1] Latest release 7.5 (Wheezy) (April 26, 2014) [±] [2] Latest preview 8.0 (Jessie) (perpetual beta) [±] Available in 73 languages Update method APT (several front-ends available) Package manager dpkg Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC, SPARC, ARM, MIPS, S390 Kernel type Monolithic: Linux, kFreeBSD Micro: Hurd (unofficial) Userland GNU Default user interface GNOME License Free software (mainly GPL). Proprietary software in a non-default area. [3] Official website www.debian.org Debian (/ˈdɛbiən/) is an operating system composed of free software mostly carrying the GNU General Public License, and developed by an Internet collaboration of volunteers aligned with the Debian Project. It is one of the most popular Linux distributions for personal computers and network servers, and has been used as a base for other Linux distributions. Debian 2 Debian was announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock, and the first stable release was made in 1996. The development is carried out by a team of volunteers guided by a project leader and three foundational documents. New distributions are updated continually and the next candidate is released after a time-based freeze. As one of the earliest distributions in Linux's history, Debian was envisioned to be developed openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU. This vision drew the attention and support of the Free Software Foundation, who sponsored the project for the first part of its life. -
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ Aslinux \ Beatrix
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ ASLinux \ BeatriX \ BlackRhino \ BlankON \ Bluewall \ BOSS \ Canaima \ Clonezilla Live \ Conducit \ Corel \ Xandros \ DeadCD \ Olive \ DeMuDi \ \ 64Studio (64 Studio) \ DoudouLinux \ DRBL \ Elive \ Epidemic \ Estrella Roja \ Euronode \ GALPon MiniNo \ Gibraltar \ GNUGuitarINUX \ gnuLiNex \ \ Lihuen \ grml \ Guadalinex \ Impi \ Inquisitor \ Linux Mint Debian \ LliureX \ K-DEMar \ kademar \ Knoppix \ \ B2D \ \ Bioknoppix \ \ Damn Small Linux \ \ \ Hikarunix \ \ \ DSL-N \ \ \ Damn Vulnerable Linux \ \ Danix \ \ Feather \ \ INSERT \ \ Joatha \ \ Kaella \ \ Kanotix \ \ \ Auditor Security Linux \ \ \ Backtrack \ \ \ Parsix \ \ Kurumin \ \ \ Dizinha \ \ \ \ NeoDizinha \ \ \ \ Patinho Faminto \ \ \ Kalango \ \ \ Poseidon \ \ MAX \ \ Medialinux \ \ Mediainlinux \ \ ArtistX \ \ Morphix \ \ \ Aquamorph \ \ \ Dreamlinux \ \ \ Hiwix \ \ \ Hiweed \ \ \ \ Deepin \ \ \ ZoneCD \ \ Musix \ \ ParallelKnoppix \ \ Quantian \ \ Shabdix \ \ Symphony OS \ \ Whoppix \ \ WHAX \ LEAF \ Libranet \ Librassoc \ Lindows \ Linspire \ \ Freespire \ Liquid Lemur \ Matriux \ MEPIS \ SimplyMEPIS \ \ antiX \ \ \ Swift \ Metamorphose \ miniwoody \ Bonzai \ MoLinux \ \ Tirwal \ NepaLinux \ Nova \ Omoikane (Arma) \ OpenMediaVault \ OS2005 \ Maemo \ Meego Harmattan \ PelicanHPC \ Progeny \ Progress \ Proxmox \ PureOS \ Red Ribbon \ Resulinux \ Rxart \ SalineOS \ Semplice \ sidux \ aptosid \ \ siduction \ Skolelinux \ Snowlinux \ srvRX live \ Storm \ Tails \ ThinClientOS \ Trisquel \ Tuquito \ Ubuntu \ \ A/V \ \ AV \ \ Airinux \ \ Arabian -
AMA GNU/Linux Resources
m y subreddits front - all - random | gadgets - sports - gam ing - pics - worldnews - videos - askreddit - aww - m usic - funny - news - m ovies - books - europe - history - food - philosophy - television - jokes - artm- odriye -»space linux comments related Want to join? Log in or sign up in seconds. | English Ian Murdock Dead and tweeting about police brutality. How did he die!? ( ) im g.sauf.ca search 173 subm itted 12 hours ago by urgahlurgah 86 comments share all 86 comments - sorted by: best this post was submitted on 30 Dec 2015 [–] bugman80 22 points 12 hours ago 173 points (83% upvoted) wtf happened to this guy?!?! shortlink: https://redd.it/3ytodk permalink save report give gold reply [–] StraightFlush777 25 points 7 hours ago This is some details from The Register : username password According to the San Francisco police, officers were called to Steiner and Union St in the city at 11.30pm on remember me reset password login Saturday, December 26, following reports of a man trying to break into a home – that man was identified as Ian Murdock. He reportedly fought with the cops, and was given a ticket for two counts of assault and one for obstruction of an officer. The techie had been drinking, according to the police logs. A medic arrived to treat an abrasion to Murdock's forehead, and he was released so he could be taken to hospital. A few hours later, on Sunday, December 27 at 2.40am, police were called again to reports of Murdock banging on the door of a neighbor at the very same block. -
Linux Installation and Getting Started
Linux Installation and Getting Started Copyright c 1992–1996 Matt Welsh Version 2.3, 22 February 1996. This book is an installation and new-user guide for the Linux system, meant for UNIX novices and gurus alike. Contained herein is information on how to obtain Linux, installation of the software, a beginning tutorial for new UNIX users, and an introduction to system administration. It is meant to be general enough to be applicable to any distribution of the Linux software. This book is freely distributable; you may copy and redistribute it under certain conditions. Please see the copyright and distribution statement on page xiii. Contents Preface ix Audience ............................................... ix Organization.............................................. x Acknowledgments . x CreditsandLegalese ......................................... xii Documentation Conventions . xiv 1 Introduction to Linux 1 1.1 About This Book ........................................ 1 1.2 A Brief History of Linux .................................... 2 1.3 System Features ......................................... 4 1.4 Software Features ........................................ 5 1.4.1 Basic commands and utilities ............................. 6 1.4.2 Text processing and word processing ......................... 7 1.4.3 Programming languages and utilities .......................... 9 1.4.4 The X Window System ................................. 10 1.4.5 Networking ....................................... 11 1.4.6 Telecommunications and BBS software ....................... -
Abstract: Modern Open Source (“OS”) Software Projects Are Increasingly Funded by Commercial Firms That Expect to Earn a Profit from Their Investment
GSPP10-006 Abstract: Modern open source (“OS”) software projects are increasingly funded by commercial firms that expect to earn a profit from their investment. This is usually done by bundling OS software with proprietary goods like cell phones or services like tech support. This article asks how judges and policymakers should manage this emerging business phenomenon. It begins by examining how private companies have adapted traditional OS institutions in a commercial setting. It then analyzes how OS methods change companies’ willingness to invest in software. On the one hand, OS cost-sharing often leads to increased output and benefits to consumers. On the other, these benefits tend to be limited. This is because sharing guarantees that no OS company can offer consumers better software than any other OS company. This suppresses incentives to invest much as a formal cartel would. In theory, vigorous competition from non-OS companies can mitigate this effect and dramatically increase OS output. In practice, however, de facto cartelization usually makes the OS sector so profitable that relatively few proprietary companies compete. This poses a central challenge to judges and policymakers. Antitrust law has long recognized that the benefits of R&D sharing frequently justify the accompanying cartel effect. This article argues that most commercial OS collaborations can similarly be organized in ways that satisfy the Rule of Reason. It also identifies two safe harbors where unavoidable cartel effects should normally be tolerated. That said, many OS licenses contain so-called “viral” clauses that require users who would prefer to develop proprietary products to join OS collaborations instead. -
Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide Copyright © 2004, 2005 the Debian Installer Team
Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide Copyright © 2004, 2005 the Debian Installer team This document contains installation instructions for the Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 system (codename “sarge”), for the SPARC (“sparc”) architecture. It also contains pointers to more information and information on how to make the most of your new Debian system. Warning This installation guide is based on an earlier manual written for the old Debian installation system (the “boot- floppies”), and has been updated to document the new Debian installer. However, for sparc, the manual has not been fully updated and fact checked for the new installer. There may remain parts of the manual that are incomplete or outdated or that still document the boot-floppies installer. A newer version of this manual, pos- sibly better documenting this architecture, may be found on the Internet at the debian-installer home page (http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/). You may also be able to find additional translations there. This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Please refer to the license in Appendix E. Table of Contents Installing Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 For sparc .................................................................................viii 1. Welcome to Debian ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. What is Debian?.................................................................................................................. -
Building Linux Distribution Packages with Docker
Building Linux distribution packages with Docker Bruno Cornec HPE EMEA EG Presales Strategist WW Linux Community Lead, HPE Open Source Pro ession !"#0 – October 20'( #$#A Custo%ers Solution Inno&ation Center Grenoble Ma)ing the ne+ style o ,T a reality # o » './ years o success, +orld +ide programs, including Cloud Center o Excellence, C Big Data Center o Excellence, Open Source Solutions ,nitiati!e, 0,SC to HP Intel Architecture Migrations, N ! Center o Excellence, EMEA Networking Customer 1isit Center and more » C Complete ,- 23$$/ systems, 4$$$/ net+ork ports, .$$/ -B storage5 o » Port olio o 3$/ ready to demo solutions +it* access to our ecosystem o Partners P » Complete test 6 !alidation en!ironment » Strategic partners*ip +it* Intel, '.7year long standing colla&oration » Strategic partners*ip +it* "ed Hat 87year colla&oration 2OSS,5 o % » e A uni9ue proo point in t*e industry +it* a pro!en ser!ice o:ering d e & i L Mission: Accelerate t*e adoption o new and inno!ati!e solutions &y creating simple and re+arding end7to7end customer experiences t*at &ene it our customers and partners, in a p o compelling and engaging colla&orative en!ironment. h s k …more information available at http://www.hpintelco.net r o ' Introducing m(sel) ● So t+are engineering and <nices since '=>>; – Mostly Con iguration Management Systems 2CMS5, Build systems, 9uality tools, on multiple commercial <nix systems – ?isco!ered Open Source 6 Linux 2OSL5 6 made irst contri&utions in '==4 – @ull time on OSL since '==5, irst as HP reseller t*en AHP ● Currently; –