Archival and Archaeological Assessment of Historic Foundations at Site 41BX2359
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Archival and Archaeological Assessment of Historic Foundations at Site 41BX2359 Southwest Corner of West Houston Street and Camaron Street 302 Houston Street, Lot 1, NCB 913, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas Prepared for: The San Antonio River Authority, Pape Dawson Engineers and HDR, Inc. Prepared by: RABA-KISTNER, INC. 12821 West Golden Lane San Antonio, Texas 78249 NOTE TO READER This draft report is currently being updated and revised to reflect review comments from several agencies and additional research materials accessed since its publication. The supporting materials are being supplemented, and the conclusions and recommendations are being revised. The individually published Chapter 10: Summary and Recommendations accompanied by Appendix 10-I, available on this web site, accurately reflects the final recommendations related to National Register of Historic Places eligibility and State Antiquities Landmark designation that will be advanced in the revised final report. RKI Project No. ASF12-129-19 Partially Revised September 02, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................ 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Project Description .......................................................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2: PROPERTY OWNERSHIP HISTORY ........................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 3: THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION, USE, AND RE-USE OF THE PROJECT AREA ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 4: RELATING FOUNDATIONS AND FEATURES TO SITE USE ........................................ 25 CHAPTER 5: A.M.E. CHURCH POTHOLING ................................................................................................. 34 Foundation 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 36 Foundation 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 42 Foundation 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 51 Foundation 4 .................................................................................................................................................... 54 Structural Feature 1 .............................................................................................................................. 57 Potholes 4-9 ..................................................................................................................................................... 60 Examination of the Foundation Walls ................................................................................................... 64 Foundation 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 64 Foundation 2 ............................................................................................................................................ 68 Foundation 3 ............................................................................................................................................ 71 Foundation 4 ............................................................................................................................................ 71 Comparison of the Foundations .............................................................................................................. 73 CHAPTER 6: THE HISTORIC CONTEXTS ..................................................................................................... 76 Theme One: Personal Hygiene and Early Soap Manufacture ...................................................... 77 Theme Two: The A.M.E. Church .............................................................................................................. 84 The Methodist Denomination ........................................................................................................... 84 The Beginnings of the A.M.E. Church ............................................................................................. 85 The A.M.E. Church in Texas ................................................................................................................ 85 The A.M.E. Church and the St. James A.M.E. Chapel ................................................................. 90 People of Significance Associated with Camaron Street Site ............................................... 94 Important Individuals Associated with the A.M.E. Church ................................................... 96 Theme Three: Making Ice and Brewing Beer in San Antonio ..................................................... 98 Description of the San Antonio Ice Factories .......................................................................... 102 Ice Manufacture and Breweries .................................................................................................... 103 Beer Brewing in San Antonio ......................................................................................................... 107 CHAPTER 7: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONSIDERATIONS: ASSESSING HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ............................................................................................ 112 Site 41BX2359 and Soap Making ......................................................................................................... 116 Site 41BX2359 and the A.M.E. Church................................................................................................ 119 Site 41BX2359 and Ice Making and Brewing Beer ....................................................................... 123 ii CHAPTER 8: ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SITE 41BX2359 UNDER CRITERION D AND AS A STATE ANTIQUITIES LANDMARK ................................................................................ 129 Site 41BX2359 and Soap Making ......................................................................................................... 129 Site 41BX2359 and the A.M.E. Church................................................................................................ 131 Site 41BX2359 and Ice Making and Brewing Beer ....................................................................... 132 CHAPTER 9: ASSESSING THE INTEGRITY OF SITE 41BX2359 AND ITS ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS ......................................................................................................... 134 Site 41BX2359 and Soap Making Component................................................................................. 137 Site 41BX2359 and the A.M.E. Church Component ....................................................................... 141 Site 41BX2359 and the Ice Making and Beer Brewing Component ....................................... 144 CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 149 REFERENCES CITED .......................................................................................................................................... 153 iii LIST OF FIGURES 1-1. Bexar County Appraisal District map of Lot 1, NCB 913 outlined in blue ........................... 2 1-2. Overview of foundations uncovered during construction monitoring ................................ 3 2-1. 1856 plat of new property bought by Menger in 1856 ............................................................... 6 2-2. Koch’s 1873 Bird’s Eye Map ................................................................................................................... 7 2-3. Camaron Street as seen around 1875 from W. Houston Street ............................................... 9 2-4. Sheet 8 of the 1885 Sanborn Fire Insurance map showing the Alamo Ice Company complex ................................................................................................................................... 10 2-5. The Alamo Ice and Brewing Company on Sheet 8 of the 1888 Sanborn Fire Insurance map ........................................................................................................................................... 11 2-6. 1891 Bird’s Eye Map showing City Hall in foreground and “Sam Maverick’s Ice Company” in the rear and to right (east of) the gas company ................ 12 2-7. The Alamo Brewery shown on Sheet 10 of the 1896 Sanborn Fire Insurance map .... 13 2-8. The “Lone Star Brewery Depot” that still stood within the project area in 1904 ......... 13 3-1. Portion of Koch’s 1873 Bird’s Eye View depiction of San Antonio ..................................... 16 3-2. Detail of Sheet 1 of the 1877 Sanborn Fire Insurance map .................................................... 17 3-3. The Alamo Ice Company Complex shown on Sheet 8 of the 1885, Sanborn Fire Insurance map