DOCSLIB.ORG

Acta Biomedica Scientia ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Acta Biomedica Scientia ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS Prithhwish Kundu et al. / Acta Biomedica Scientia. 2017; 4(3): 110-115. Acta Biomedica Scientia e - ISSN - 2348 - 2168 Print ISSN - 2348 - 215X www.mcmed.us/journal/abs Review Article ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS: AN EDIFYING REVIEW Prithwish Kundu*1, Richa Wadhawan2, Dharti Gajjar3, Mareen Suhaff4, Gaurav Solanki5 1Junior Resident, Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis & Radiology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. 2Reader, Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis & Radiology, Institute of Dental Education & Advance Studies, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. 3Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis & Radiology, Narsinhbhaipatel Dental College & Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India. 4Undergraduate, Institute of Dental Education & Advance Studies, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. 5Private Practitioner, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. ABSTRACT Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is a skin condition characterized by hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of the skin, particularly of skin fold regions, such as of the neck and groin and axillae. Various benign forms of AN have been identified in which the disorder may be inherited as a primary condition or associated with various underlying syndromes, obesity, or the use of certain medications. Keywords :- Acanthosis Nigricans, Hyperpigmentation, Obesity, Metabolic disturbances. Access this article online Home page: Quick Response code http://www.mcmed.us/journal/abs DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/abs.2017.4.3.1 Received:05.07.17 Revised:10.07.17 Accepted:13.07.17 INTRODUCTION Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is a skin disease that is Epidemiology characterized by hyper pigmented, thick, velvety plaque Recently a high prevalence of AN has been usually occurring in the body folds. It may involve other observed which may be associated with rising prevalence of parts of the body [1]. The common sites are neck, armpit, obesity and diabetes. There is no gender predilection. popliteal fossa and groin region. It also sometimes occurs According to age, race, frequency of type, degree of obesity on the elbow, knee, knuckles and oral, gastrointestinal or and concomitant endocrinopathy, the prevalence rate varies anogenital mucosa [2-5] .The earliest changes of the face from 7% to 74%. It is commonly found in Native are usually dryness, pigmentation and roughness of the Americans. According to the American Academy of skin, which in affected area is gray-brown or black [6]. Dermatology, people of African, Caribbean, or Hispanic These usually occur symmetrically and are descent are also at an increased risk. All ethnic groups are histopathologically characterized by papillomatosis and equally at risk of acanthosis nigricans when body mass hyperkeratosis of the skin. The term AN was originally index (BMI) is well above normal. Hud et al. after proposed by Unna. The first case was described by Pollitzer conducting a research reported that AN is more and Janovsky in 1891 [7]. predominant in black women when compared to white women. The malignant variant of AN is rare. The frequency of acanthosis nigricans varies between ethnic groups [8]. Corresponding Author Prithwish Kundu Email: - [email protected] 110 | P a g e Prithhwish Kundu et al. / Acta Biomedica Scientia. 2017; 4(3): 110-115. Etiopathogenesis drugs, and as a genetic disorder[12]. Various other causes Individuals affected with AN have shown or syndromes associated with AN are given in Table 2. increased levels of insulin or an abnormal response to exogenously administered insulin. It has been demonstrated Types that insulin crosses dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) to reach According to Shwartz RA [1], acanthosis nigricans keratinocytes. Insulin regulates carbohydrate, lipid and can be classified as: Benign, Pseudo AN associated with protein metabolism and weakly promotes growth by obesity, Syndromic, Malignant, Acral, Unilateral, Drug binding to “classic” insulin receptors at low concentrations. Induced, and Mixed. However, insulin exerts more potent growth-promoting A more simplified classification had been effects through binding to insulin-like growth factor 1 proposed by Hernandez-Perez [13]. He classified AN as receptors (IGF-1Rs) that are similar in size and subunit simple AN (not related to malignancy) and paraneoplastic structure to insulin receptors at higher concentrations. This AN. Burke et al. used a scale of 0-4 based on how many stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, areas are affected to classify AN [7].This scale correlates leading to AN [9]. Apart from direct toxic effects, with fasting insulin and body mass index (BMI). Hence it is hyperinsulinemia also acts indirectly by increasing free easy to use and has a high inter-observer reliability. IGF-1 levels in circulation. The activity of IGF-1 is regulated by insulin-like growth binding proteins (IGFBPs), Clinical Features which increase IGF-1 half life, deliver IGFs to target tissues The characteristic feature of AN is dark, coarse, and regulate levels of metabolically active “free” IGF-1. thickening of the skin with a velvety texture which are IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 are both decreased in obese usually symmetrically distributed [14]. The initial change individuals with hyperinsulinemia, increasing plasma evident is grey-brown/black pigmentation with dryness and concentrations of free IGF-1, which promotes cell growth roughness of the skin. The affected areas are palpably and differentiation. The etiopathogenesis has been thickened and covered by small papillomatous eruptions, summarized as a flow chart in Table 1. giving it a characteristic velvety texture. With time the The fact that insulin-dependent activation of IGF- thickening increases and the skin lines are further 1Rs can facilitate AN development can be justified by the accentuated. The surface becomes mammilated and following observations: wrinkled, with the development of larger warty out growths 1. IGF receptors can be detected in cultured fibroblasts [15]. AN is usually asymptomatic, but occasionally, it can and keratinocytes. be itchy. The lesions affect back and sides of neck, axillae, 2. Insulin has been demonstrated to cross dermoepidermal groin, and ante-cubital and popliteal areas [14, 15]. Neck is junction and at high concentrations it can stimulate growth the most common site affected (99%) in children when and replication of fibroblasts. compared with axillae (73%). Face, eyelids, flexor and 3. Severity of AN in obesity correlates positively with extensor surface of elbows and knees, dorsa of joints of fasting insulin concentration. hands, umbilicus, external genitalia, inner aspects of thighs Thus, insulin may promote AN through direct and anus are also involved.With extensive involvement, activation of the IGF-1 signaling pathway[10]. The fact that lesions can be found over the areolae, conjunctiva, and lips AN is more common in areas such as neck and axillae [15]. suggests that perspiration and/or friction may be predisposing factors. For AN, other than insulin-receptor Oral Manifestations antibody, unknown autoantibodies have been implicated. Involvement of mucous membranes is relatively This could explain the effectiveness of cyclosporine in rare for AN. But oral mucous membrane may have a treating AN with autoimmune manifestations [11]. Insulin delicate velvety wrinkled appearance in affected and IGF-1 levels are affected by hepatitis C infection and individuals. There may be extensive papillomatosis of the both of them may be implicated in etiopathogenesis of lips, palate, gingiva and tongue in some cases[16]. acrochordons and AN through their proliferative and differentiating properties. Acanthosis nigricans maligna Malignant An (ANM) might be explained by elevated levels of Rarely generalized involvement can be found in transforming growth factor (TGF-α), exerting effects on AN, mostly in adults with underlying malignancy. epidermal tissue through epidermal growth factor (EGF) ‘Acanthosis nigricans maligna’ (ANM) is the term used for receptor. IGF-1, fibroblast growth factor, and melanocyte the malignant variety of AN. In most cases (70-90%), it stimulating hormone α that regulates melanocyte occurs in the course of adenocarcinomas of abdominal pigmentation and stimulates growth of keratinocytes, can organs, particularly gastric cancer followed by play a role in the pathogenesis of hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of pancreas, ovary, kidneys, bladder, hyperpigmentation. It can occur with endocrine diseases bronchi, thyroid, bile duct, breast, and esophagus [14]. such as Cushing disease and diabetes mellitus, from tumors ANM is clinically indistinguishable from benign forms, but of the pituitary gland, underlying malignancies, certain usually the appearance is sudden and profuse. Frequently 111 | P a g e Prithhwish Kundu et al. / Acta Biomedica Scientia. 2017; 4(3): 110-115. the oral, nasal and laryngeal mucosa, esophagus and areola Dowling-Degos disease of nipple are involved. Papillomatous lesions may be seen It presents as a progressive brown black on the eyelids and conjunctiva. Leukonychia and hyperpigmentation of the flexures withsoft fibromas and hyperkeratosis of nails has also been reported. follicular hyperkeratosis [18]. Acrochordons are often found in affected areas [16]. Warning signs for malignancy in AN patients include age MANAGEMENT >40 years, not having any previous endocrine disorder or The management of AN involves multiple aspects any genetically determined disease, unexplained weight including treatment of underlying disease or tumor,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Successful Repigmentation of Vitiligo-Like Hypopigmentation in a Case of Acanthosis Nigricans
    Brief Report follicles. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:426-428. 4. Feldmann KA, Dawber RP, Pittelkow MR, Ferguson DJ. 2. Giehl KA, Ferguson DJ, Dawber RP, Pittelkow MR, Foehles J, Newly described weathering pattern in pili annulati hair de Berker DA. Update on detection, morphology and fragility shafts: a scanning electron microscopic study. J Am Acad in pili annulati in three kindreds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Dermatol 2001;45:625-627. Venereol 2004;18:654-658. 5. Werner K, St-Surin-Lord S, Sperling LC. Pili annulati associ- 3. Akoglu G, Emre S, Metin A, Erbil KM, Akpolat D, Firat A, et ated with hair fragility: cause or coincidence? Cutis 2013; al. Pili annulati with fragility: electron microscopic findings 91:36-38. of a case. Int J Trichology 2012;4:89-92. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.256 Successful Repigmentation of Vitiligo-Like Hypopigmentation in a Case of Acanthosis Nigricans Seung Hyun Chun, Ji Hyun Park, Jae Beom Park, Il-Hwan Kim Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Korea Dear Editor: Although the patient had previously taken oral metformin Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is characterized by hyper- for a year, he was not taking any medication at the time of pigmented thickened skin with velvety texture in the visit. No similar skin lesions could be found in family flexural areas such as axillae, neck, groin, inner thigh, um- members of the patient. bilicus, and perianal area. Obesity, insulin resistance, and Skin biopsy was performed on both hyperpigmented and hyperinsulinemia are often found in association with AN1.
    [Show full text]
  • Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis
    Journal of Paediatrics and Neonatal Disorders Volume 3 | Issue 2 ISSN: 2456-5482 Case Report Open Access Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis Jacob M, Wright R, Mazur L and Aly F* Department of Pediatrics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), USA *Corresponding author: Aly F, MD, FAAP, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), USA, Tel: 5053402221, E-mail: [email protected]. edu Citation: Jacob M, Wright R, Mazur L, Aly F (2018) Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis. J Paediatr Neonatal Dis 3(2): 203 Received Date: June 29, 2018 Accepted Date: August 28, 2018 Published Date: August 30, 2018 Abstract The pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) are skin rashes that are benign but can often be mistaken for other purpura-causing diseases, which must be ruled out. Although they are more prevalent in adults, they can also be seen in children. Though these dermatoses rarely involve other organs, the rash can be distressing for the parents of an adolescent or child. We presented a case of a 15 year old girl with a pathological diagnosis of eczematid-like form of PPD, which clinically diagnosed as the Schamberg’s form of PPD. Biopsy is frequently necessary to reach a final diagnosis. Keywords: Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses; Schamberg Disease; Eczematid-like Type; Rutoside; Ascorbic Acid List of abbreviations: PPD: Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses Case Report A 15 year old female presented to the clinic with a six month history of a ‘rash’ on her arms and legs. It started on the feet and spread to her upper legs and arms.
    [Show full text]
  • Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 428 C2 Notes Dr
    Cutaneous Manifestations of systemic diseases 428 C2 Notes Dr. Eman Almukhadeb Cutaneous Manifestations of systemic diseases Dr. Eman Almukhadeb CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS: Specific manifestations: 1 Cutaneous Manifestations of systemic diseases 428 C2 Notes Dr. Eman Almukhadeb 1. Diabetes dermopathy or “SHIN SPOTS”: Most common cutaneous manifestation of diabetes; M > F, males over age 50 years with long standing diabetes. They are: bilateral, symmetrical, atrophic red-brownish macules and patches, over the shins mainly but can occur at any sites, asymptomatic. There is no effective treatment. 2. Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (NLD): Patients classically present with single or multiple red-brown papules, which progress to sharply demarcated yellow-brown atrophic, telangiectatic erythematic plaques with a violaceous, irregular border. Usually it’s unilateral. Common sites include shins followed by ankles, calves, thighs and feet. Very atrophic plaque so any trauma will lead to ulceration, it occurs in about 35% of cases. Cutaneous anesthesia, hypohidrosis and partial alopecia can be found Pathology: Palisading granulomas containing degenerating collagen. The nonenzymatic glycosylation of dermal collagen and elastin will lead to degeneration of the collagen and atrophy (necrobiosis). 2 Cutaneous Manifestations of systemic diseases 428 C2 Notes Dr. Eman Almukhadeb Approximately 60% of NLD patients have diabetes and 20% have glucose intolerance. Conversely, up to 3% of diabetics have NLD, so if a patient has NLD its common that he is diabetic, but not every diabetic patient have NLD. (Important) Women are more affected than men. Treatment: Ulcer prevention (by avoiding trauma). No impact of tight glucose control on likelihood of developing NLD. There are multiple treatment options available and all of them reported to be effective: o Intralesional steroids o Systemic aspirin: 300mg/day and dipyridamole: 75 mg/day.
    [Show full text]
  • Dermatologic Manifestations of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome in Patients with and Without a 16–Base Pair Duplication in the HPS1 Gene
    STUDY Dermatologic Manifestations of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome in Patients With and Without a 16–Base Pair Duplication in the HPS1 Gene Jorge Toro, MD; Maria Turner, MD; William A. Gahl, MD, PhD Background: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) con- without the duplication were non–Puerto Rican except sists of oculocutaneous albinism, a platelet storage pool de- 4 from central Puerto Rico. ficiency, and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin. Patients with HPS from northwest Puerto Rico are homozy- Results: Both patients homozygous for the 16-bp du- gous for a 16–base pair (bp) duplication in exon 15 of HPS1, plication and patients without the duplication dis- a gene on chromosome 10q23 known to cause the disorder. played skin color ranging from white to light brown. Pa- tients with the duplication, as well as those lacking the Objective: To determine the dermatologic findings of duplication, had hair color ranging from white to brown patients with HPS. and eye color ranging from blue to brown. New findings in both groups of patients with HPS were melanocytic Design: Survey of inpatients with HPS by physical ex- nevi with dysplastic features, acanthosis nigricans–like amination. lesions in the axilla and neck, and trichomegaly. Eighty percent of patients with the duplication exhibited fea- Setting: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, tures of solar damage, including multiple freckles, stel- Bethesda, Md (a tertiary referral hospital). late lentigines, actinic keratoses, and, occasionally, basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. Only 8% of patients Patients: Sixty-five patients aged 3 to 54 years were di- lacking the 16-bp duplication displayed these findings.
    [Show full text]
  • Generalized Hypertrichosis
    Letters to the Editor case of female. Ambras syndrome is a type of universal Generalized hypertrichosis affecting the vellus hair, where there is uniform overgrowth of hair over the face and external hypertrichosis ear with or without dysmorphic facies.[3] Patients with Gingival fi bromaatosis also have generalized hypertrichosis Sir, especially on the face.[4] Congenital hypertrichosis can A 4-year-old girl born out of non-consanguinous marriage occur due to fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal hydentoin presented with generalized increase in body hair noticed syndrome.[5] Prepubertal hypertrichosis is seen in otherwise since birth. None of the other family members were healthy infants and children. There is involvement of affected. Hair was pigmented and soft suggesting vellus hair. face back and extremities Distribution of hair shows an There was generalized increase in body hair predominantly inverted fi r-tree pattern on the back. More commonly seen affecting the back of trunk arms and legs [Figures 1 and 2]. in Mediterranean and South Asian descendants.[6] There is Face was relatively spared except for fore head. Palms and soles were spared. Scalp hair was normal. Teeth and nail usually no hormonal alterations. Various genodermatosis were normal. There was no gingival hypertrophy. No other associated with hypertrichosis as the main or secondary skeletal or systemic abnormalities were detected clinically. diagnostic symptom are: Routine blood investigations were normal. Hormonal Lipoatrophy (Lawrernce Seip syndrome) study was within normal limit for her age. With this Cornelia de Lange syndrome clinical picture of generalized hypertrichosis with no other Craniofacial dysostosis associated anomalies a diagnosis of universal hypertrichosis Winchester syndrome was made.
    [Show full text]
  • 611Dd03dd28f30fc24057930c32
    Case Series Comparison of long-pulsed alexandrite laser and topical tretinoin-ammonium lactate in axillary acanthosis nigricans: A case series of patients in a before-after trial Amirhoushang Ehsani (MD) 1 Pedram Noormohammadpour (MD) 1 Abstract Azadeh Goodarzi (MD) 2 Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a brown to black, velvety hyperpigmentation Mostafa Mirshams Shahshahani (MD)1 of the skin that usually involves cutaneous folds. Treatment of AN is important regarding Seyede Pardis Hejazi (MD)1 cosmetic reasons and various therapeutic modalities have been used for these purposes. Elhamsadat Hosseini (MD)3 The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of long-pulsed alexandrite laser Arghavan Azizpour (MD)1 and topical tretinoin-ammonium lactate for treatment of axillary-AN. Methods: Fifteen patients with bilateral axillary-AN were studied in Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Diagnosis was confirmed by two independent dermatologists. Each side skin 1. Department of Dermatology, lesion was randomly allocated to either topical mixed cream of tretinoin 0.05%- Razi Hospital, Tehran University of ammonium lactate 12% or long-pulsed alexandrite laser. Duration of treatment was 14 Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, weeks. At endpoint, the mean percent reduction from baseline in pigmentation area was Iran. 2. Department of Dermatology, compared between the two groups. Rasul Akram Hospital, Iran Results: The study population consisted of 15 patients three males and 12, females. The University of Medical Sciences mean age of patients was 28.5±4.9 years. The mean percent reduction was 18.3±10.6%, in (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. 3. Baghiatallah University of tretinoin/ammonium lactate group and 25.7±11.8% in laser group (P=0.004).
    [Show full text]
  • Cutaneous Markers of Internal Disease SUMMARY SOMMAIRE Cutaneous Markers of Internal Disease Are Les Indices Cutanes Des Maladies Internes Sont Nombreux
    I I R. R. Forsey P. Michael Reardon Cutaneous Markers of Internal Disease SUMMARY SOMMAIRE Cutaneous markers of internal disease are Les indices cutanes des maladies internes sont nombreux. Cet article discute des desordres legion. This artide discusses the pigmentaires, de l'acanthosis nigricans, du prurit, pigmentary disorders, acanthosis nigricans, des xanthomes et du probleme de photosensibilit6, pruritus, the xanthomas and problems of soulignant les procedures appropriees afin d'etablir photosensitivity, outlinng the appropriate un diagnostic d6finitif et, dans certains cas, le procedures to establish a definite diagnosis, traitement de tels patients. and in some cases the management of such patients. (Can Fam Physician 1982; 28:1415-1421). ..I- a' Dr. Forsey is a consultant seen the patient for a long time. The to stimulate overlying melanocytes to dermatologist in the Department of following classification illustrates increase their activity. Dermatology at the Montreal many of the causes of generalized Gastrointestinal. Malabsorption General Hospital, and Dr. Reardon hyperpigmentation. from a variety of causes and biliary is chief resident in the same Endocrine. Addison's disease re- cirrhosis are associated with increased department. Reprint requests to: sults in hyperpigmentation secondary pigmentation.2 Dr. R. R. Forsey, 1414 Drummond to the effect of unsuppressed pituitary Connective Tissue Disease. Sclero- St., Suite 1005, Montreal, PQ. beta melanocyte stimulating hormone derma is occasionally associated with H3G lWl. (B-MSH)1 or cutaneous melanocytes. Addisonian-like pigmentation.2 Asso- Clinically, the pigmentation is diffuse ciated cutaneous signs usually leave but accentuated on exposed areas of little doubt as to the primary diag- T HE SKIN manifestations of inter- the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Part II. Melanoma, Seborrheic Keratoses, Acanthosis Nigricans, Melasma, Diabetic Dermopathy, Tinea Versicolor, and Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation DANIEL L
    CARING FOR COMMON SKIN CONDITIONS Common Hyperpigmentation Disorders in Adults: Part II. Melanoma, Seborrheic Keratoses, Acanthosis Nigricans, Melasma, Diabetic Dermopathy, Tinea Versicolor, and Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation DANIEL L. STULBERG, M.D., and NICOLE CLARK, M.D., Utah Valley Family Practice Residency Program, Provo, Utah DANIEL TOVEY, M.D., Intermountain Health Care Health Center, Springville, Utah Nevi, or moles, are localized nevocytic tumors. The American Cancer Society’s “ABCD” rules are useful for differentiating a benign nevus from malignant melanoma. While acanthosis nigricans may signal an underlying malignancy (e.g., gastrointestinal tumor), it more often is associated with insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome) or obesity. Melasma is a facial hyperpigmentation resulting from the stimulation of melanocytes by endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Treatments for melasma include bleaching agents, laser therapy, and a new medication that combines hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide. Lesions that develop on the shins of patients with diabetic dermopathy often resolve spontaneously; no treatment is effective or recommended. Tinea versicolor responds to treatment with selenium sulfide shampoo and topical or oral antifungal agents. Postinflammatory hyperpigmenta- tion or hypopigmentation can occur in persons of any age after trauma, skin irritation, or dermatoses. (Am Fam Physician 2003;68:1963-8. Copyright© 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians.) This is part II of a two- yperpigmentation usually can part article on hyper- be traced to the presence and pigmentation in adults. activity of melanocytes. Part I Part I, “Diagnostic Approach, Café au Lait of this two-part article pre- Macules, Diffuse sents a suggested approach to Hyperpigmentation, Hpatients with increased pigmentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Acanthosis Nigricans: to Be Or Not to Be Afraid (Review)
    ONCOLOGY LETTERS 17: 4133-4138, 2019 Acanthosis nigricans: To be or not to be afraid (Review) MARIA-LINDA POPA1,2*, ADRIAN CLAUDIU POPA3*, CRISTIANA TANASE2 and ANCUTA-AUGUSTINA GHEORGHISAN-GALATEANU1,4 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest; 2Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest; 3Army Centre for Medical Research, 010195 Bucharest; 4‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania Received July 3, 2018; Accepted August 14, 2018 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9736 Abstract. Acanthosis nigricans (AN), a skin disorder with high 7. Treatment prevalence, represents a dermatological condition with esthetic 8. Conclusion implications, but otherwise mild symptoms. For any clinician, it is in fact the tip of the iceberg, leading him/her to investigate what lies beneath the surface, since AN points to a systemic 1. Introduction problem or disease: metabolic disorder (most frequently), endocrine syndrome, medication side effects, malignancy, and Considered as an endocrine organ, the skin can be also seen genetic factors. Sometimes, it is the first observed sign of a as a mirror for many tumoral and nontumoral diseases. Many malignancy or of diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with skin conditions appear to be the result of hormonal disfunc- chronic metabolic disorder; therefore, it is not to be taken lightly. tions, both hormone excess and hormone deficiency/resistance, The present review summarizes the information in literature as well as growth factor pathological signaling (1). regarding the etiopathogenesis of AN. We propose a new clas- Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is rather poorly defined as sification that aims to better organize the different types of AN, a dermatological disease by itself and more as a common with implications on the extent and urgency of the investigation dermatological manifestation of systemic disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Jemds.Com Review Article
    Jemds.com Review Article CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR, RENAL AND MALIGNANT DISEASES Manabendra Nayak1, Rahul Nayak2 1Postgraduate Teacher, Department of Medicine, National Board of Examination, Senior Consultant Dept. of Medicine, Down Town Hospital, Guwahati. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Assam Down Town University. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In clinical practice, sometimes it becomes very difficult to diagnoses when patient present with some cutaneous manifestation without definitive sing and symptoms. Therefore, it is important to know and study the different type of disease which produces skin problem. Different cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, malignant disease and autoimmune disease may produce some exceptional dermatological problem. Sometimes skin lesion itself confuse with primary dermatological disorder. That’s why it’s important to know the various cutaneous manifestation of internal disease. KEYWORDS Cutaneous Manifestation, Renal Disease, Malignancy. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Nayak M, Nayak R. Cutaneous manifestation of cardiovascular, renal and malignant diseases. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2017;6(1):62-66, DOI: 10.14260/Jemds/2017/16 BACKGROUND Erythema marginatum occurs early in rheumatic fever There are many internal diseases that present with cutaneous and may persist after all other manifestations have resolved. manifestations. These cutaneous signs may proceed, occur It appears as non-pruritic, blanching, erythematous lesion concurrently or follow the onset of the internal condition. with a raised serpiginous margin that involves the trunk and Pruritus and vasculitis are common cutaneous presentations the proximal extremities while sparing the face. Individual where an underlying systemic disease may be present. lesions may appear and disappear within hours. The nodules Certain chronic diseases may present with distinctive skin are small, firm and painless and most commonly affected the findings, which need to be recognized to institute a search for tendons or bony surfaces, particularly the elbow.
    [Show full text]
  • Acanthosis Nigricans in Areas of Resolving Psoriatic Plaques After
    erimenta xp l D E e r & m l a a t c o i l n o i Journal of Clinical & Experimental l g y C f R o e l ISSN: 2155-9554 s a e n Müller et al., J Clin Exp Dermatol Res 2016, 7:5 a r r u c o h J Dermatology Research DOI: 10.4172/2155-9554.1000367 Case Report Open Access Acanthosis Nigricans in Areas of Resolving Psoriatic Plaques after Adalimumab Therapy Giana Paula Müller*, Laura de Mattos Milman, Ana Letícia Boff and André Vicente Esteves de Carvalho Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil *Corresponding author: Giana Paula Müller, Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil, Tel: 555596133680; E- mail: [email protected] Received date: July 13, 2016; Accepted date: August 03, 2016; Published date: August 06, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Müller GP, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Confined hyperpigmentation over areas of resolving psoriatic plaques have been described as lentiginosis, post- inflammatory hyperpigmentation, nevus spillus and spleckled pigmentation. We present a case of a 46 year-old patient who developed acanthosis nigricans (AN) and lentiginosis after resolution of psoriasis when treated with adalimumab. The concomitance of the appearance of AN and the use of adalimumab, may reveal that the drug is involved in the development and persistence of the disorder.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitiligo Can Mask Symptoms of Acanthosis Nigricans 2 November 2015
    Vitiligo can mask symptoms of acanthosis nigricans 2 November 2015 "In conclusion, if the patient is affected by concomitant vitiligo, AN could be misdiagnosed due to the atypical clinical presentation of the lesions," the authors write. More information: Abstract Full Text (subscription or payment may be required) Copyright © 2015 HealthDay. All rights reserved. (HealthDay)—Vitiligo can mask symptoms of acanthosis nigricans (AN), according to a case report published in the November issue of the International Journal of Dermatology. Alice Garzitto, M.D., from the University of Florence in Italy, and colleagues describe the case of a 60-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of vitiligo who developed velvety and depigmented cutaneous thickening with hypertrophic depigmented and symmetric verrucose excrescences on the background of depigmented patches in typical areas of vitiligo. She also presented with hyperplastic vegetations of the oral mucosa and tongue, and tripe palms with diffuse velvety thickening and prominent ridges. According to the report, although the lesions were depigmented and did not exhibit dark coloration, they could be consistent with overlapped AN. Histopathologic findings of the skin lesions were consistent with AN with dermal papillomatosis with a hyperkeratotic but depigmented epidermis. On referral to an oncologist, the patient was found to have a hypodense and irregular neoformation in the left ovary. A poorly differentiated large cell adenocarcinoma was confirmed by biopsy. After tumor excision the AN and vitiligo persisted, suggesting unsuccessful treatment. 1 / 2 APA citation: Vitiligo can mask symptoms of acanthosis nigricans (2015, November 2) retrieved 26 September 2021 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-11-vitiligo-mask-symptoms-acanthosis- nigricans.html This document is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]