German Army Group North, 30 June 1942
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The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
German Army Group North, 22 April 1942
German Army Group North 22 April 1942 At Army Group's Disposal: 8th Panzer Division: (unknown portion of division present) 12th Panzer Division: (unknown portion of division present) 5th Mountain Division: (1/2 of division present) 1/,2/,3/85th Mountain Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/100th Mountain Infantry Regiment 48th Panzerjäger Battalion 68th Bicycle Battalion 1/,2/,3/,4/95th Artillery Regiment 95th Signals Battalion 95th Pioneer Battalion 95th Division (Einheiten) Support Units 16th Army At Army's Disposal: 123rd Division (unknown portion of division present) 281st Security Division (unknown portion of division present) XXXIX (mot) Corps: 1/2 2nd Fallschrimjäger Regiment (enroute) 1 regiment, 121st Division (enroute) Group Lange (part of 218th Division) organization unknown 8th Panzer Division (some minor detachments) 1/10th Armored Regiment 8th Panzer Grenadier Brigade 1/,2/,3/8th Panzer Grenadier Regiment 1/,2/,3/28th Panzer Grenadier Regiment 43rd Panzerjäger Battalion 8th Motorcycle Battalion 1/,2/,3/80th Artillery Regiment 84th Signals Battalion 59th Pioneer Battalion 59th Division (Einheiten) Support Units Group Scherer: Staff/281st Security Division 1 Regiment, 121st Division 1 Regiment, 122nd Division 1 Regiment, 329th Division II Corps: 218th Division (1 regiment and support units) 225th Division (1 regiment and support units) 123rd Division 1/,2/,3/415th Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/416th Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/418th Infantry Regiment 123rd Schnell Battalion 1/,2/,3/,4/123rd Artillery Regiment 1 123rd Pioneer Battalion 123rd -
The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front, 1914-18
The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front, 1914-18 Andrew Simpson University College, London Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Abstract British corps command having been neglected in the literature, this thesis sets out to assess what British corps did, and how they did it, on the Western Front during the Great War. It attempts to avoid anecdotal sources as much as possible, drawing its evidence instead as much as possible from contemporary official documents. It is a central argument here that Field Service Regulations, Part 1 (1909), was found by commanders in the BEF to be applicable throughout the war, because it was designed to be as flexible as possible, its broad principles being supplemented by training and manuals. Corps began the war in a minor role, as an extra level of command to help the C-in-C control the divisions of the BEF. With the growth in numbers and importance of artilleiy in 1915, divisions could not cope with the quantity of artilleiy allotted theni, and by early 1916, the corps BGRA became the corps artilleiy commander (GOCRA). In addition to its crucial role in artillery control, corps was important as the highest level of operational command, discussing attack plans with Armies and divisions and being responsible for putting Army schemes into practice. Though corps tended to be prescnptive towards divisions in 1916, and Armies towards corps, a more hands-off style of command was generally practised in 1917, within the framework of FSR and the pamphlet SS13S (and others - to be used with FSR). -
Organization of German Divisions, 1916
Organization of German Divisions 1916 Alpine Corps: 1st Bavarian Jäger Brigade: 1st Bavarian Jäger Regiment Leib Infantry Regiment 2nd Jäger Brigade: 2nd Jäger Regiment 3rd Jäger Regiment Artillery: 2nd Mountain Field Artillery Battalion Det/187th Field Artillery Regiment Det/203rd Field Artillery Regiment Det/204th Field Artillery Regiment Engineers: 102nd Pioneer Company 105th Pioneer Company 106th Pioneer Company 175th Mountain Trench Mortar Company Attached: 201st Mountain Machinegun Detachment 202nd Mountain Machinegun Detachment 205th Mountain Machinegun Detachment 209th Mountain Machinegun Detachment Cyclist Battalion (dissolved in June) Bavarian Ersatz Division: 3rd Bavarian Reserve Brigade: 4th Bavarian Reserve Regiment 15th Bavarian Reserve Regiment 59th Landwehr Brigade: 28th Ersatz Regiment 81st Landwehr Regiment Cavalry: Ersatz Cavalry Det/1st Bavarian Cavalry District Engineers: 2nd Landwehr Pioneer Company (2nd Bavarian Cavalry Div) 3rd Landwehr Pioneer Company (3rd Bavarian Cavalry Div) 1st Bavarian Mining Company 1st Bavarian Trench Mortar Detachment 1st Guard Division: 1st Guard Brigade: 1st Guard Foot Regiment 2nd Guard Foot Regiment 4th Guard Foot Regiment Guard Cavalry 1/,2/,3/,4/Guard Cavalry Regiment (Massow) Leibgarde Hussar Regiment 2/6th Dragoon Regiment 1st Guard Artillery Brigade: 1st Guard Artillery Regiment 3rd Guard Artillery Regiment 1st Guard Engineering Battalion: 1st Guard Pioneers Company 1st Guard Trench Mortar Company 1 1st Guard Pontoon Engineers 1st Guard Telephone Detachment 1st Guard Reserve Division: -
French Army, 1 August 1813
French Army 1 August 1813 Commander-in-Chief: Napoleon Bonaparte Imperial Guard: Marshal Mortier Old Guard Division: Général de division Friant 5,000 men 1st Brigade: Général de division Curial 1/1st Chasseur à Pied Regiment (23/648) 2/1st Chasseur à Pied Regiment (14/599) 1/2nd Chasseur à Pied Regiment (26/414) 2/2nd Chasseur à Pied Regiment (14/195) 2nd Brigade: Général de brigade Michel 1/1st Grenadier à Pied Regiment (25/625) 2/1st Grenadier à Pied Regiment (17/587) 1/2nd Grenadier à Pied Regiment (25/461) 2/2nd Grenadier à Pied Regiment (8/333) Velites of Turin (15/438) Velites of Florence (15/403) Artillery:Chef de bataillon Couin 1st Old Guard Foot Battery (4/112) (6-6pdrs & 2 5.7" howitzers) 6/1st Guard Train Battalion (1/100) 1st Young Guard Division: Général de division Dumoustier 1st Brigade: Général de brigade Mouton-Duvernet 1/Fusilier-Chasseur Regiment (21/697) 2/Fusilier-Chasseur Regiment (16/722) 1/Fusilier-Grenadier Regiment (23/586) 2/Fusilier-Grenadier Regiment (18/604) 2nd Brigade: Général de brigade Tindal 1/1st Voltigeur Regiment (19/527) 2/1st Voltigeur Regiment (11/498) 1/2nd Voltigeur Regiment (21/444) 2/2nd Voltigeur Regiment (12/458) 3rd Brigade: Général de brigade Lanusse 1/3rd Voltigeur Regiment (19/704) 2/3rd Voltigeur Regiment (13/672) 1/6th Voltigeur Regiment (20/665) 2/6th Voltigeur Regiment (17/655) 1/7th Voltigeur Regiment (19/620) 2/7th Voltigeur Regiment (12/577) Artillery: Chef de bataillon Levic 1st Young Guard Foot Battery (3/116) (6-6pdrs & 2 5.7" howitzers) 2nd Young Guard Foot Battery (3/120) -
Organization of the Divisions of the British Army August-December 1914
Organization of the Divisions of the British Army August-December 1914 1st Division: (August 1914) 1st Guards Brigade 1st Cold Stream Guards 1st Scots Guard 1st Black Watch 2nd Royal Munster Fusiliers 2nd Brigade 2/Royal Sussex 2/Loyal North Lancashire 1/Northumberland 1/King's Royal Rifle Corps 3rd Brigade 1/Queen's 1/South Wales Borderers 1/Gloucester 2/Welsh Mounted Troops: C Sqdn. 15/Hussars 1st Cyclist Company XXV Artillery Brigade: 113th Battery 114th Battery 115th Battery XXVI Artillery Brigade: 116th Battery 117th Battery 118th Battery1 XXXIX Artillery Brigade: 46th Battery 51st Battery 54th Battery XLIII Artillery Brigade: 30th (H.) Battery 40th (H.) Battery 57th (H.) Battery2 Brigade Ammunition Columns: XXV B.A.C. XXVI B.A.C. XXXIX B.A.C. XLII (H.) B.A.C. Heavy Battery: 26th Heavy Battery & Heavy Battery A.C. Divisional Ammunition Columns: 1st D.A.C. 1 Transferred to 28th Division on 2/4/15. 2 Joined brigade on 4/20/15. 1 Engineer Field Companies: 23rd & 26th Divisional Signals Companies: 1st Field Ambulances: 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Mobile Veterinary Sections: 2nd Divisional Train: 1st 2nd Division: (August 1914) 4th (Guards) Brigade3 2nd Grenadier Guards 2nd Coldstream Guards 3rd Coldstream Guards 1/Irish Guards 5th Brigade 2/Worcester 2/Oxfordshire & Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 2/Highland Light Infantry 2/Connaught Rangers4 6th Brigade 1/King's 2/South Staffordshire 1/Royal Berkshire 1/King's Royal Rifle Corps Mounted Troops: B Sqn, 15th Hussars5 2nd Cyclist Company XXXIV Artillery Brigade: 22nd Battery6 50th Battery 70th Battery XXXVI Artillery Brigade: 15th Battery 48th Battery 71st Battery XLI Artillery Brigade: 9th Battery 16th Battery 17th Battery XLIV (H.) Artillery Brigade: 47th Battery (H.) 3 Transferred to Guards Division on 8/19/15. -
C2, 'WE, C ; the American Military Institute Has Donated This Book to the Combined Arms Research Library U.S
c2, 'WE, c ; The American Military Institute has donated this book to the Combined Arms Research Library U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. May1983 PREFACE This monograph is one of a series prepared under instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to the Japanese Government (SCAPIN No. 126, 12 Oct 1945). The series covers not on- ly the operations of the Japanese armed forces during World War II but also their operations in China and Manchuria which preceded the world conflict. The original studies were written by former officers of the Japanese Army and Navy under the supervision of the Histori- cal Records Section of the First (Army) and Second (Navy) Demobili- zation Bureaus of the Japanese Government. The manuscripts were translated by the Military Intelligence Service Group, G2, Headquar- ters, Far East Command. Extensive editing was accomplished by the Japanese Research Division of the Office of the Military History Of- ficer, Headquarters, United States Army Forces, Far East and Eighth United States Army' (Rear), The writers were handicapped in the preparation of the basic manuscript by the non-availability of many operational records which are normally employed as source material in this type of study. Many official orders, plans and unit journals were lost during field op- erations and bombing raids or were destroyed at the cessation of hob- tilities. A particular handicap has been the lack of strength re- ports. Most of the important orders and other information sources, however, have been reconstructed from memory aci while not textual- ly identical with the originals are believed to be accurate and re- liable. -
Army Command and General Staff College
71-~ C. The America Miiary Istue has donated this boo to the Comnbined Arms Research Library U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. My1983 PREFACE This monograph is one ora. series>p:reparedunder .instructions fromiihe. Supr~ Conmander for theiUlied Powers to the Japanese Government. (SCApmNo. 126,12 Oct 1945). The series covers not only the operations of the Japanese armed forces during World 1'\far II, but. also their operations in China. a:ndHanchuriawhich preceded theworldeonfliet. The studies were written by former officers of the Japanese.i'trirry and Navy under the supervision·of the HistoricaJ.: Records Secmon of iihe First (Arnw) and Second (Navy) Dem:>blliza tion Bureaus of the Japanese Government. Original Inanuscripts were translated by U.S. ArIrq tran.slation seniee. Extensive editing was accomplished byt,he Japanese Research'DiVision of the Office of the Military HistJJry Officer, HeadquaI"ters, United States ·ArIrqForces, .FarEast and Eighth United states.Arnw" (Rear). \ This llJJnographdescribef?military operations in the China Theateri'rom the time of' the outbreak of the Pacific war untUthe end of 1943.. Under the direction of the Reports and Statistical S(3ction.of theDeJnobilizationBureau,.thebasic'matluscriptwas written by former. Lt Col Heizo Ishiwari,a formermernberof the 'Har History. Section .oftheArmy. General;·Starf,assistedby •. the•following former officers: Colonel Seitaro Takeiend lIajorSentaroAzuma of the nth ArIrq, Lttbls .HideoQnQ ,and ~enjiSb.indoof the 13th .Arnw" . and Colonel Chiyoshi Shimada ofthe>23dArIrqfromofficial telegrarr£, no tesand. pers0nalre~ollections•...• I't 'Was necessary for the.Japanese Research Divi.sionto •. conduct extensive research .inorCier to evaluate theinformati0n,toeheckboth factsandda.te,s and to .add pertinent data. -
Japanese North China Area Army, 23 September
Japanese North China Area Army 23 September 1939 1st Army: Lt. Gen. Yoshio Shinozuka 20th Division 20th Infantry Group 78th Infantry Regiment 79th Infantry Regiment 80th Infantry Regiment 20th Reconnaissance Regiment 26th Artillery Regiment (24-75mm guns & 24-105mm how) 20th Engineer Regiment 20th Signal Unit 20th Transport Regiment 36th Division 222nd Infantry Regiment 223rd Infantry Regiment 224th Infantry Regiment 36th Division Tank Unit 36th Artillery Regiment (detached in 1943) (36-75mm mountain guns) 36th Engineer Regiment (detached in 1943) 36th Signal Unit 36th Transport Regiment 37th Division 225th Infantry Regiment 226th Infantry Regiment 227th Infantry Regiment 37th Mountain Artillery Regiment (36-75mm mountain guns) 37th Engineer Regiment 37th Signal Unit 37th Transport Regiment 108th Division 240th Infantry Regiment 241st Infantry Regiment 242nd Infantry Regiment 108th Artillery Regiment (1 bn) 108th Engineer Battalion Engineer Company 2 Horse Drawn Transportation Companies 1 Motor Transport Company 1 Divisional Signal Unit 1 Divisional Medical Unit 109th Division 1st Mixed Brigade 303rd Infantry Battalion 304th Infantry Battalion 305th Infantry Battalion 306th Infantry Battalion 307th Infantry Battalion 308th Infantry Battalion 2nd Mixed Brigade 309th Infantry Battalion 310th Infantry Battalion 1 311th Infantry Battalion 312th Infantry Battalion 313th Infantry Battalion 314th Infantry Battalion 1st Mixed Regiment 9th Heavy Artillery Regiment 109th Divisional AA Unit 109th Signal Unit 3rd Independent Mixed Brigade 6th Independent -
French Army at Time of German Invasion, 10 May 1940
French Army 10 May 1940 Nord-Est Theatre Alphonse Joseph Georges 1st Army Group: Gaston Henri Bilotte 7th Army: Henri Honore Giraud Organic Army Support Forces: Escaut Fortified Sector 54th Fortress Infantry Regiment 1/161st Static Artillery Regiment 515th Armored Group 15th Armored Battalion 35th Armored Battalion I Corps: Theadore Marcel Sicard Corps Troops: 601st Pioneer Regiment 101st Heavy Horse Drawn Artillery Regiment 1st & 2nd Groups of 105mm L36 3rd Group of 155 GPF 1st Artillery Park 101st Artisan Company 101st Motorized Munitions Section 131st Motorized Munitions Section 101/1 & 101/2 Sapper-Miner Companies 101/21 Bridging Company 101/16 Engineering Park Company 101/81 Telephone Company 101/82 Radio Company 101/83 Pigeon Company 351/1 Motorized Headquarters Company 354/1 Motorized Transport Company 101/1 Operating Service Group 201/1 Butcher Company 1st Motorized Ambulance 201st Light Surgical Ambulance 1st Horse Drawn Medical Supply Train 134th Hygenic, Washing & Disinfection Section 501st Aerial Observation Group 1/152nd Aero Park Section 25th Mechanized Infantry Division Beauchesne Group (11-14 May 1940) 2nd Divisional Reconnaissance Group 12th Divisional Reconnaissance Group 27th Divisional Reconnaissance Group 4th Infantry Division: 45th Infantry Regiment 72nd Infantry Regiment 124th Infantry Regiment 13th Pioneer Co, 72nd Infantry Regiment 14th Anti-Tank Co, 45th Infantry Regiment 12th Divisional Reconnaissance Group (detached until 5/13/40) 29th Artillery Regiment 229th Divisional Heavy Artillery Regiment 1 10th Divisional -
British 21 Infantry Division on the Western Front 1914
Centre for First World War Studies BRITISH 21ST INFANTRY DIVISION ON THE WESTERN FRONT 1914 - 1918 A CASE STUDY IN TACTICAL EVOLUTION by KATHRYN LOUISE SNOWDEN A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern History School of Historical Studies The University of Birmingham March 2001 i University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This MPhil thesis is a case study of the British 21st Infantry Division on the Western Front during the First World War. It examines the progress of the division, analysing the learning curve of tactical evolution that some historians maintain was experienced by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). 21st Division was a New Army division, typical of those raised after the declaration of war, and its performance throughout the war may be regarded as indicative of the progress or otherwise of these units within the BEF. The conclusions are drawn through an assessment of 21st Division in four battles during the war. The achievements of the division are analysed using a series of performance indicators, taking into account variables such as the weather, the terrain, and the enemy. -
German Army Group North, 2 January 1942
German Army Group North 2 January 1942 Army Group North At Army Group's Disposal: 81st Infnatry Division (enroute) 1 regiment and support units 225th Infnatry Division (enroute) 1/,2/,3/333rd Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/376th Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/377th Infantry Regiment 225th Schnell Battalion1 332nd Panzerjäger Battalion 1/,2/,3/225th Artillery Regiment 225th Pioneer Battalion 225th Signals Battalion 225th Division (Einheiten) Support Units 16th Army At Army's Disposal: 18th (mot) Division 1/,2/,3/30th (mot) Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/51st (mot) Infantry Regiment 18th Panzerjäger Battalion 38th Motorcycle Battalion 1/,2/,3/,4/18th Artillery Regiment 18th Signals Battalion 18th Pioneer Battalion 18th Division (Einheiten) Support Units 1st Panzer Battalion 1/,2/,3/203rd Infantry Regiment XXXIX (mot) Corps: 20th (mot) Division 1/,2/,3/76th (mot) Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/90th (mot) Infantry Regiment 20th Panzerjäger Battalion 30th Panzer Battalion 20th Motorcycle Battalion 1/,2/,3/,4/20th Artillery Regiment 20th Signals Battalion 20th Pioneer Battalion 20th Division (Einheiten) Support Units 61st Division 1 regiment enroute 81st Division 1/,2/,3/161st Infantry Regiment 1/,2/,3/174th Infantry Regiment 181st Schnell Battalion 1/,2/,3/,4/181st Artillery Regiment 1 The German army refitted and reorganized its infantry divisions sometime in early 1942. This resulted in a merging of the reconnaissance and panzerjäger battalions into "schnell" (fast) battalions that performed the reconnaissance and anti-tank combined functions. The precise date