Aspire Defence Capital Works – Baseline Ecological Survey, Bulford
Aspire Defence Capital Works
Baseline Ecological Survey - Bulford
January 2013
Document No. 23-XXXGEN-43-RT-E5-004 01
23-XXXGEN-43-RT-E5-004 SLR Aspire Defence Capital Works – Baseline Ecological Survey, Bulford
Document Status Rev. Date Purpose Revisions Prep Chkd Appr of Issue 01 1/13 For info. FINAL SLR DK
23-XXXGEN-43-RT-E5-004 SLR
ARMY 2020
Baseline Ecological Appraisal:- Bulford Camp, Wiltshire
Aspire Defence Capital Works
January 2013 SLR Ref: 404-01208-00023
ADCW 1 404.01208.00023 Army 2020: Bulford Camp – Ecological Appraisal January 2013
CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 2 1.1 Scope of Ecological Works...... 2 1.3 Study Area...... 2 1.4 Objectives of the Study ...... 2 2.0 METHODOLOGY...... 4 2.1 Desk Study ...... 4 2.2 Field Survey ...... 4 2.3 Limitations...... 7 3.0 RESULTS ...... 8 3.1 Desk-top study...... 8 3.2 Plot 1...... 9 3.3 Plot 2...... 10 3.4 Plot 3...... 13 3.5 Plot 4...... 14 3.6 Plot 5...... 15 4.0 EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL FEATURES...... 18 4.1 Criteria for Evaluation ...... 18 4.2 Designated Sites...... 18 4.3 Evaluation ...... 19 4.4 Fauna...... 20 5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 23 5.1 Summary of Results by Plot ...... 23 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 25 7.0 CLOSURE...... 26
APPENDICES
DRAWING 1: Potential Development Plot Location Plan
DRAWING 2: Phase 1 Habitat Plan (Plots 1 and 5)
DRAWING 3: Phase 1 Habitat Plan (Plot 2)
DRAWING 4: Phase 1 Habitat Plan (Plots 3 and 4)
DRAWING 5: Badger Survey Plan (Plots 1 and 5)
DRAWING 6: Badger Survey Plan (Plot 2)
DRAWING 7: Badger Survey Plan (Plots 3 and 4)
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Aspire Defence Capital Works (ADCW) delivers new and improved facilities for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) through a project called Army 2020.
ADCW is currently identifying areas within existing MoD landholdings that are potential sites for construction projects. As part of this process, each site is being subject to an ecological appraisal in order to identify possible constraints and ensure compliance with relevant legislation.
SLR Consulting Limited (SLR) has been commissioned by ADCW to undertake baseline ecological surveys with regard to parcels of land at Tidworth Garrison, Larkhill Camp, Bulford Camp and Perham Down in Wiltshire.
This report details the findings of the surveys at Bulford Camp.
1.1 Scope of Ecological Works
SLR was requested to investigate five potential development plots at Bulford Camp. These were identified as Plots 1 to 5 on Drawing 1 (and shown in detail on Drawings 2 to 4).
An Extended Phase 1 habitat assessment was conducted for each development plot in August 2012. Follow-on reptile and badger surveys were undertaken in September and December 2012 respectively.
This document records the findings of the Extended Phase 1 habitat and badger surveys and summarises the findings of the reptile surveys. A detailed record of the reptile survey is available in a separate report1.
The report presents information with regard to the ecological value of the proposed development plots and makes recommendations for additional surveys where appropriate.
1.3 Study Area
The study areas are shown on Drawings 1-4.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The principle aim of the ecological assessment is to provide baseline information with respect to the habitats and species within the study area, with the following specific objectives: x Identify the habitats present within the identified potential development sites and evaluate their importance in accordance with established frameworks; x Identify which species may be utilising the habitats within the survey areas with particular regard to those protected by legislation or by virtue of their inclusion as UK or LBAP species; and
1 SLR Consulting Limited (January 2013) 404.01208.00023. Army 2020: Bulford Camp Reptile Survey.
130111 404 01208 00023 ARMY 2020 Bulford Camp Ecological Assessment MPM_v0 - AL.doc SLR ADCW 3 404.01208.00023 Army 2020: Bulford Camp – Ecological Appraisal January 2013 x Provide an initial assessment of the ecological value of the site and assess the requirement for additional habitat and species surveys in order to meet legislative and/or policy requirements.
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2.0 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Desk Study
A 2 km radius from the site was used to search for records of statutory designated wildlife sites. Baseline data in respect of statutory wildlife sites was sought through examination of Natural England’s web based resources. Information on non-statutory wildlife site designations was sought from Aspire Defence Capital Works environmental team. None was identified.
Online databases were searched for the presence of protected species within 1 km of Bulford Camp, including: the National Biodiversity Network2, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee Special Area of Conservation (SAC) designations for Salisbury Plain3, and Natural England’s citations for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) units4.
2.2 Field Survey
The boundaries of the identified plots are considered to be somewhat arbitrary, providing an indication that the outlined area has the potential for development, rather than a specific surveyed and plotted development footprint. It is considered that the indicated plot boundary may shift and, to this end, the survey boundaries were extended significantly beyond those of the potential development plots, to encompass as much ground as was feasible at the time of survey and to which access was possible.
2.2.1 Habitats
The habitat survey and mapping exercise was carried out by an experienced Senior Ecologist from SLR Consulting on 14th August 2012.
The approach taken followed the standard Phase 1 Habitat Survey methodology (JNCC, 2010) but was modified to take account of the comparatively small size of the habitat patches and provide greater detail. Habitat plans are presented in Drawings 2 to 4.
In addition, the presence of plant species included within Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) was searched for during the survey. Plants included within the schedule include Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) and giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum). It is an offence under the Act to plant or cause the spread of the species listed in Schedule 9 in the wild.
2.2.2 Fauna
Habitats and features with the potential to support protected and/or conservation priority (i.e. BAP) fauna species, together with any field signs of such species, were recorded on the field map using target notes (relevant details are reproduced on the digitised plan in Drawings 2 to 4).
In addition, detailed surveys were undertaken for badger and reptiles. The method used for conducting the badger survey is provided below. The reptile survey was conducted in accordance with best practice guidelines for identifying the presence or absence of this
2 www.nbn.org.uk 3 www.jncc.defra.gov.uk 4 www.magic.gov.uk
130111 404 01208 00023 ARMY 2020 Bulford Camp Ecological Assessment MPM_v0 - AL.doc SLR ADCW 5 404.01208.00023 Army 2020: Bulford Camp – Ecological Appraisal January 2013 group of animals. Full details of the survey method are provided in the associated reptile survey report.
Badger Survey Method
A site survey was conducted on 4th December 2012 by a Senior Ecologist from SLR. All accessible areas of the identified potential development sites were surveyed for the presence of badger field signs, these include: setts, paw prints, foraging signs, latrines, dropped bedding, hairs and tracks. The survey method and sett classification followed Cresswell et al (1990). Where accessible, a 50m annulus around the potential development sites was also surveyed, as development activity may disturb badgers occupying setts at some distance from work sites.
Within a territory a social group (or clan) of badgers will have a number of setts of varying size and frequency of use. There will usually be a single “main” sett that is constantly occupied and used for breeding, plus, in descending order of rank, a number of smaller setts known as “annexe”, “subsidiary” and “outlier” setts. Whilst one of the factors used in considering the position of a sett within the hierarchy, the number of entrances possessed by a sett of each class is variable and is largely dependent upon environmental factors. Setts excavated in food-rich, undisturbed and/or rural areas are likely to possess more entrances that a sett of similar hierarchical position but located within an area of scarce food resources, high disturbance or an urban locality. Setts with a higher position in the hierarchy will be more frequently used with the main sett being more or less constantly occupied and an outlier sett infrequently so. Outlier setts are often only occupied when seasonal local resources are available.
Main setts: possess a comparatively large number of entrances compared to the other setts within the territory (from approximately eight to thirty or more), and are constantly occupied by badgers.
Annexe setts: are clearly linked to the main (or sometimes setts of other rank) sett by well worn badger tracks. They may comprise any number of entrances and are normally in frequent use by the badgers, but they are not necessarily constantly occupied.
Subsidiary setts: support a variable number of entrance holes, normally in the range of three to eight, and are not connected to the main sett by well worn badger tracks. The frequency of use of subsidiary setts varies greatly, but rarely will they be constantly occupied and they are often in sporadic use only.
Outlier setts: usually comprise one or two entrances only and are not connected to the main sett by well worn tracks. They are often in sporadic use only, but may display periods of highly active use when local seasonal resources are available (for example outlier setts near fruit trees may experience periods of high use during the autumn).
During the descriptions of each sett, below, an estimate is made of the frequency of its use by badgers. This is an objective and qualitative measure based on the interpretation of field signs. Table 1, below provides examples of the frequency descriptors and the field signs typically associated with them. Please note that these are not catch-all descriptions and not all setts will always fit neatly into a category. The surveyor’s experience is used to make the final determination of activity level to take into account season, recent weather conditions and soil type etc.
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Table 1: Frequency of sett use/activity level descriptions
Activity Level Typical Description
A sett considered to be in constant or near daily use at the time of survey. Entrances tunnels will be swept clear of debris and there is likely to be freshly excavated soil and recently discarded bedding material on the Highly or very frequently spoil heap. If ground conditions are suitable then paw-prints will be active numerous and fresh, and the tunnel walls may have a polished appearance. There may be a recently used latrine in close proximity. Well worn tracks are likely to lead over the spoil heap and away from the sett for some distance.
A sett considered to be in use several times per month. The entrance tunnel will be well swept but there may be some small debris, such as a Moderately or frequently scattering of leaf-litter. Spoil heaps will likely have been added to in the active recent past, but the soil and discarded bedding materials may be somewhat weathered. Worn tracks may be present, but will become indistinct after a comparatively short distance.
A sett considered to be in use at most a few times per month. The entrance will be open and accessible, but the tunnel mouth will likely be carpeted with leaf litter and other natural debris. There will be little Infrequently active evidence of fresh soil or bedding having been added to the spoil heap. Worn tracks are unlikely to be present, or covered with leaf-litter if they are. Seedlings may begin to germinate on the spoil heap and in the tunnel entrance.
A sett considered to have been active within the previous 12 months, but not considered to be in use on a monthly basis. The tunnel is likely to be Very infrequently active partially blocked with leaf-litter and other natural debris, with a considerably vegetated spoil heap. Worn tracks not present.
A sett considered to have not been in use within the previous 12 months. This designation is rarely given if the sett has not been subjected to a regular monitoring programme for a period of at least a year. However, it Inactive may be given if the field evidence strongly suggests inactivity, for example a sett completely blocked with leaf-litter that is undergoing significant decomposition and has clearly not been disturbed for over twelve months.
Reptile Survey Method
A reptile survey was commenced on 24th September 2012 at the survey areas in accordance with accepted best practice survey methodologies and guidelines5.
Artificial ‘heat refugia’ (consisting of tiles of carpet, corrugated metal tins and flat bitumen roofing felt) were placed in areas of suitable habitat, such as scrub edge, bare ground / grassland mosaic and the base of hedgerows. The survey employed 140 refuges therefore achieving a density of 25 refuges per hectare of suitable habitat, which is greater than the 5- 10 per hectare outlined by current best practice.
A detailed description of the reptile survey method is provided in the associated survey report.
5 Reptile Survey – Froglife Advice Sheet 10
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2.3 Limitations
The Phase 1 habitat survey was undertaken in mid-August 2012, which is within the optimum period for conducting botanical surveys, however, some spring flowering species may have been under-recorded.
The reptile survey was conducted in September/early October 2012, which is within the optimum period for reptile survey.
The badger survey was conducted in December 2012, which is considered an appropriate time of year for badger survey. Whilst badger activity may decrease during periods of very cold weather, badgers remain active throughout the winter and the reduction in obscuring undergrowth during the winter significantly increases the probability of locating badger setts.
The survey areas were located within an active military garrison and this resulted in certain areas being inaccessible to the surveyor for several reasons. Certain areas, such as the scrub/woodland to the north of Plot 5, lie outside the garrison’s perimeter security fence (Drawing 2); and other areas comprised private residences, including land to the east and south of Plot 5 (Drawing 2). Whilst accessible for the Phase 1 and reptile surveys, the demolition of buildings within Plot 3 had commenced by the time of the badger survey, and access to this area was therefore not possible (Drawing 3). The inaccessible areas are marked on the appropriate drawings.
The presence of the inaccessible areas is not believed to have a significant impact on the validity of the survey results, or the ability to ascribe an ecological value to the potential development plots. The majority of the inaccessible areas had good sight lines across them from accessible areas and/or had been inspected by the surveyor during previous work at the garrison. Further detail on these areas is provided in the text.
All information regarding legislation is provided in good faith. SLR Consulting does not purport to provide legal advice.
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3.0 RESULTS
Each potential development plot will be addressed individually in the text. There is currently no fixed development proposal and it is not known whether some, all, or none of the potential plots will be selected for development. A summary will be provided at the end of the report assessing cumulative impacts from the potential development of multiple plots.
3.1 Desk-top study
Statutory and Non-Statutory Sites
None of the identified potential development plots is known to be designated as either a statutory or non-statutory wildlife site, or to be adjacent to such a site.
However, Salisbury Plain lies to the north and east of Bulford Camp, and is subject to the highest level of statutory designations, including Special Area of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Area (SPA) and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The designations have been applied to the Plain as it represents one of the largest unimproved chalk downlands in northern Europe and holds 41% of Britain’s remaining chalk downland habitat.
As well as important tracts of semi-natural dry grassland and chalk heath habitat, Salisbury Plain provides habitats for a wide range of fauna species, including important invertebrate, amphibian and bird assemblages. The SAC and SPA designations in particular reflect the international importance of Salisbury Plain for nature conservation.
Salisbury Plain lies approximately 220m east of the closest potential development plot, Plot 2, and approximately 380m east of Plot 5. The area of the Plain closest to Bulford Camp is described by Natural England under SSSI Unit 138.
Due to the high level of disturbance from the Camp and its associated activities, and the distance from the closest potential development plot to the Plain, it is considered highly unlikely that standard construction techniques or the use of the potential development plots for purposes similar to those currently present at Bulford Camp, would have any significant negative impact on the nature conservation features for which Salisbury Plain has been designated. However, at this stage no development proposals are available to be examined and provide confirmation of this.
Natural England’s database ‘Nature on the Map6’ identifies grassland on land immediately to the east of Plot 2 as mixed deciduous woodland, and beyond this (within the area covered by the SAC and SSSI designations) as a mosaic of lowland calcareous grassland and mesotrophic/neutral grassland. These are all listed as Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitats.
Protected and Notable Species
Data trawl records for species within the vicinity of the identified potential development plots are sparse, with no records being returned for land within 1km. The closest record returned being for a population of great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) approximately 2km north of Plot 5. It is considered that the restricted access to both the garrison and the closest areas of Salisbury Plain, which are part of the Salisbury Plain Training Area, have reduced the
6 http://www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk
130111 404 01208 00023 ARMY 2020 Bulford Camp Ecological Assessment MPM_v0 - AL.doc SLR ADCW 9 404.01208.00023 Army 2020: Bulford Camp – Ecological Appraisal January 2013 number of records available. However, whilst datatrawl records are scarce, Salisbury Plain has been intensively studied, and numerous species records are available. Data extracted from the SSSI citations for the Plain as a whole and the closest SSSI units (Number 138) record the presence of the following notable species and habitats:
Habitats: lowland chalk grassland; and juniper scrub.
Birds: Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus); hobby (Falco subbuteo); quail (Coturnix coturnix) and hen harrier (Circus cyaneus).
Invertebrates: Fairy shrimp (Chirocephalus diaphanus); Adonis blue (Lysandra bellargus); Duke of Burgundy (Hamearis lucina); marsh fritillary (Euphydrya aurinia); brown hairstreak (Thecla betulae); narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (Hemaris tityus); Nomada armata (a cuckoo bee); Bombus humilis (a bumblebee); and shrill carder bee (Bombus sylvarum).
Whilst no formal species specific surveys have been conducted, it is considered highly unlikely that any of the identified potential development plots at Bulford Camp are critical to the maintenance of local populations of these species. The species listed above have particular habitat requirements and food resource requirements, and these do not appear to be met by the surveyed potential development plots.
3.2 Plot 1
Plot 1 is centred on Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference: SU 191436, and extends to approximately 1.6 ha.
3.2.1 Habitats and Flora
The location of Plot 1 is shown on Drawings 1 and 2, with details of the habitats recorded shown on Drawing 2.
This area is currently dominated by bare ground and is being actively used for the storage of soil. The mounds appear to be frequently disturbed, with little vegetation having colonised.
Immediately outside the plot boundaries are banks of amenity grassland that are subject to a low-intensity management regime; the sward is approximately 50cm high and there is a comparatively abundant assemblage of broad-leaved plants that are mature. The sward is dominated by rye-grasses (Lolium sp.) with frequent false oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) and cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata). Occasional common ragwort (Senecio vulgaris), weld (Reseda luteola), rosebay willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium); and great mullein (Verbascum thapsus).
Plot 1 is bounded to the east by the amenity grassland playing fields described below, under Plot 5, and to all other points of the compass by hard-standing parking areas, amenity grassland, buildings and roads, typical of the Bulford Camp landscape.
No derogated plant species were recorded in or adjacent to Plot 1.
3.2.2 Fauna
Badgers
The highly disturbed bare ground associated with Plot 1 is unsuitable for the establishment of badger setts, or as foraging territory, and no setts were found in the adjacent amenity grass banks. No field signs of badger activity were located.
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Reptiles
The highly disturbed bare ground of Plot 1 was considered inhospitable to reptiles and the area was not surveyed.
Amphibians
No bodies of standing water were recorded within Plot 1, and none has been identified within 250m using plans and aerial photography. The highly disturbed bare ground was considered to be inhospitable to amphibians.
Bats
No formal bat survey has been conducted as no mature trees or buildings with the potential to provide roosting opportunities for bats are present on Plot 1. Furthermore, Plot 1 is considered to represent a very low quality foraging territory for bats and no linear features are present that could form significant bat commuting routes.
Birds
No bird species were recorded within Plot 1 during the survey, but significant human activity was occurring at the time, related to the manipulation of the soil stockpiles. It is considered likely that the plot is used by a range of common and commensal bird species for foraging, in particular exploiting invertebrates revealed by the movement of soil. The area contains no areas of scrub, trees or buildings that could potentially be used for nesting by birds.
Other fauna
Plot 1 is not considered likely to support populations of any notable fauna species.
3.3 Plot 2
Plot 2 is located at the southern end of Bulford Camp, centred on Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference SU 189429 and extends to approximately 1.9 ha.
3.3.1 Habitats and Flora
The location of Plot 2 is shown on Drawings 1 and 3, with details of the habitats recorded shown on Drawing 3. The area is currently used as a running track, with historical aerial photography indicating that this has been the case since at least 2001.
Whilst the running track itself has a hard-standing/fine aggregate surface, the ground inside and surrounding the track is dominated by tall weedy vegetation, with abundant lady’s bedstraw (Galium verum) and common ragwort (Senecio vulgaris), with frequent yarrow (Achillea millefolium), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense) and fescue grasses (Festuca sp.). Common nettle (Urtica dioica), wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare), scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis), self heal (Prunella vulgaris), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgaris), common comfrey (Symphytum officinale), elder saplings (Sambucus nigra) and black medick (Trifolium dubium) were also recorded.
Mature broad-leaved trees are present along the western and southern edges of Plot 2, including common lime (Tilia sp), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), silver birch (Betula pendula), willow (Salix sp.), and beech (Fagus sylvatica). Under the line of trees, common nettle (Urtica dioica) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus) are
130111 404 01208 00023 ARMY 2020 Bulford Camp Ecological Assessment MPM_v0 - AL.doc SLR ADCW 11 404.01208.00023 Army 2020: Bulford Camp – Ecological Appraisal January 2013 frequent, with occasional elder, cleavers (Galium aparine), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and lesser burdock (Arctium minus).
The eastern edge of the potential development plot is marked by a bank and hedgerow, dominated by blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) with abundant hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and brambles. Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), willow and elder were recorded occasionally.
Further to the south and east of Plot 2 is broad-leaved deciduous woodland, with abundant beech and sycamore.
Coniferous plantation woodland, dominated by Lawson’s cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), is present to the east and north of the development plot. Occasional sycamore and elder scrub is present along the boundary of the plantation. The ground flora is very sparse, being shaded out by the dense evergreen canopy.
No derogated plant species were recorded in or adjacent to Plot 2.
3.3.2 Fauna
Badgers
No badger setts were recorded within the boundary of Plot 2, as presented on provided plans, but eight setts were identified within close proximity (Drawings 2 and 6). Within the coniferous plantation, approximately 15 to 20m east of the identified plot boundary, is a steep-sided small embankment. Four badger setts were recorded excavated into the face of this bank.
Sett 1 is a single entrance outlier sett, partially filled with leaf-litter but remaining open and accessible. It is considered to be infrequently used.
Sett 2 comprises a single very large diameter (>30cm), well swept tunnel, with lots of freshly excavated soil on the associated spoil heap. At the time of survey it was considered to be a highly active outlier sett.
Recorded as Sett 3, although not strictly a badger sett as it was not completed at the time of survey, this is a large diameter (>25cm) fresh excavation that ends blindly after 45 to 50cm. A badger hair found in the spoil confirms that this hole is of badger origin. It is considered likely to be completed.
Sett 4 comprises a single entrance outlier sett that was moderately to highly active at the time of survey, with large volumes of fresh soil on the associated heap.
The bank into which Setts 1 to 4 are excavated also exhibited a large number of aborted and naturally collapsed excavations. This is typical of friable soils such as the crumbly chalk-rich ground present at this location.
Approximately 20m south-east of Plot 2, Sett 5 was located within an area of rabbit burrows amid what appeared to be a number of naturally collapsed sett entrances. The single active entrance possessed a well swept path issuing from the tunnel, and a large volume of fresh soil on the associated spoil heap. This sett was considered to be highly active at the time of survey.
Along the southern boundary of Plot 2, beneath the line of mature trees, there is evidence of a range of mammal activity, including badger. Mounds of dumped metal and fabric netting
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(potentially discarded running track surface) are present here (Target Note 1, Drawing 6) and these have partially vegetated over. There is evidence of mammal burrowing activity including fox, rabbit and badger, but in only one location could the presence of a badger sett be confirmed. Sett 6, towards the eastern end of the tree line, has been excavated in a small mound of discarded netting. A small volume of leaf-litter was present in the tunnel mouth, but recently excavated soil was present on the spoil heap. Badger hair in the spoil confirmed the presence of badger activity, which was considered to be of moderate frequency.
Two further setts were located in the bank to the immediate north-east of Plot 2:
Sett 7 comprised a single entrance outlier sett that was vegetating over and considered to be exhibiting field signs concomitant with low levels of recent activity.
Sett 8 was also a single entrance outlier sett, considered to be exhibiting field signs indicative of low to moderate recent use. The spoil heap and tunnel mouth contained small volumes of leaf litter, and small volumes of fresh soil were present on the associated heap.
The dense blackthorn hedgerow to the east of Plot 2 is considered to have potential to conceal further badger setts, but without at least partial clearance of the hedgerow, it would not be possible to confirm this.
Reptiles
The reptile survey indicated the presence of a low population of slow worm (Anguis fragilis) along the western edge of Plot 2, with two slow worms being recorded during one of the survey inspections. No reptiles were found during the other six site inspections conducted during the reptile survey. Further survey details and recommendations can be found within the reptile survey report.
Amphibians
No bodies of standing water were recorded within Plot 2. One body of standing water, a balancing pond associated with a sustainable drainage scheme, was identified approximately 145m north-west of Plot 2. The pond contained water only at the time of the badger survey (December) and following a period of heavy rainfall; it is not known whether this water body is ephemeral (temporary). Plot 2 provides suitable foraging habitat for great crested newt and other species of amphibian, with mounds of debris providing potential hibernacula for over-wintering.
Bats
No formal bat survey has been conducted. Plot 2 supports a number of mature trees, some of which appear to have crevices or other features that are potentially exploitable by bats as roosting sites. The plot is connected to woodland with strong linear features that could provide potential commuting routes.
The weedy vegetation provides good quality foraging habitat, but being comparatively small in area and abundant in the locality, it is considered unlikely to be critical to the maintenance of local bat populations.
Birds
No bird species were recorded within Plot 2 during the survey, but significant human activity was occurring at the time, with the running track in use for training. It is considered likely
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Other fauna
Plot 2 is not considered likely to support significant populations of any notable fauna species beyond those described above.
3.4 Plot 3
Plot 3 is centred on Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference SU 181 436 and extends to approximately 1.5 ha.
3.4.1 Habitats and Flora
Plot 3 comprised rows of terraced houses, other residential accommodation blocks, roads, hard-standing and amenity planting. The plot possesses the character of a suburban neighbourhood, and was previously used for personnel accommodation, with residents having been relocated approximately one to two years ago, prior to redevelopment. Since this time the plot has been left unmanaged, with lawns and hedgerows uncut.
The majority of the plot was inaccessible at the time of survey, being fenced off, however, sufficient access was available from roads to determine the character of the habitats.
The vegetated habitats were typical of unmanaged amenity planting, with the 30cm high sward being dominated by amenity lawn species including rye-grasses, bents (Agrostis spp.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Typical lawn species were recorded, including abundant yarrow and white clover (Trifolium repens), occasional ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), black medick (Trifolium dubium) and daisy (Bellis perennis). Meadow cranes-bill (Geranium pratense), common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), wall barley (Hordeum muralis), and hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) were also recorded. Common nettle was locally dominant.
Boundaries between properties were a combination of panel fencing, garden privet hedges (Ligustrum ovalifolium) and Leyland cypress hedges (x Cupressocyparis leylandii).
During the badger survey in December 2012, it was noted that ground clearance and demolition of the properties in this area had commenced.
No derogated plant species were recorded in or adjacent to Plot 3.
3.4.2 Fauna
Badgers
It was not possible to access this area for the badger survey, as demolition had commenced.
Reptiles
Reptile survey recorded no reptiles within Plot 3, with refuges having been set out in suitable habitat areas within the over grown gardens and amenity areas.
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Amphibians
No bodies of standing water were recorded within Plot 3, and none has been identified within 250m using plans and aerial photography. No amphibians were recorded during the reptile survey, and it is considered that the plot is not significant for this group of animals.
Bats
No formal bat survey has been conducted as part of this report. The majority of buildings within Plot 3 were of traditional brick and tile construction, and a number of damaged tiles, crevices in soffits and other features potentially suitable for exploitation as roosting spaces by bats were observed. As described above, demolition of the buildings had commenced by December 2012, and it is understood that bat surveys were completed in advance.
Birds
House sparrow (Passer domesticus), wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) and wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) were recorded during the Phase 1 habitat survey, and it is considered likely that the plot is used by a range of common and commensal bird species. The hedgerows and buildings could potentially provide habitat for a range of nesting birds.
Other fauna
Plot 3 is not considered likely to support significant populations of any notable fauna species beyond those described above.
3.5 Plot 4
Plot 4 is centred on Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference SU 182434 and extends to approximately 2.4ha.
3.5.1 Habitats and Flora
The location of Plot 4 is shown on Drawings 1 and 4, with details of the habitats recorded shown on Drawing 4.
Plot 4 comprised actively used residential accommodation blocks with associated amenity planting and hard-standing.
The amenity planting is predominantly lawn, with immature and semi-mature planted Acers. The grass is intensively managed, being cut to a sward shorter than 5cm, which hinders the identification of plant species. However, the sward appears typical of amenity lawn, being dominated by rye-grasses, with abundant bent species and red fescue. Broad leaved plant species are infrequent and limited to those species tolerant of frequent mowing, including yarrow, white clover, black medick, daisy, self heal, ribwort plantain and greater plantain (Plantago major).
To the west of Plot 4 is a stand of evergreen plantation woodland, dominated by Lawson’s cypress. The understorey is sparse, due to the dense shade cast by the evergreens, with occasional elder being recorded, and the ground flora being dominated by ivy (Hedera helix).
To the other points of the compass, Plot 4 is bounded by technical buildings, hard-standing and amenity planting, typical of Bulford Camp.
No derogated plant species were recorded in or adjacent to Plot 4.
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3.5.2 Fauna
Badgers
No badger setts or other fields signs of badger activity were recorded in Plot 4, or within the likely potential zone of disturbance (Drawings 4 and 7).
Reptiles
The habitat within the identified boundary of Plot 4 is considered inhospitable to reptiles, comprising very close mown amenity grassland that is frequently disturbed and hard- standing. It was considered unnecessary to conduct a reptile survey of this area.
Amphibians
No bodies of standing water were recorded within Plot 8, and none has been identified within 250m using plans and aerial photography. It is considered that the plot is not significant for this group of animals.
Bats
No formal bat survey has been conducted. The trees within Plot 4 are immature and semi- mature, and are considered unlikely to support crevices suitable for exploitation by roosting bats. The buildings are of brick and tile construction with pitched roofs. Whilst they are in good condition, with few observed crevices or damaged/missing tiles, they have the potential to support roosting bats.
Birds
No birds were recorded during the Phase 1 habitat survey, however, it is considered likely that the plot is used by a range of common and commensal bird species. The buildings offer limited potential nesting habitat but may be exploited by commensal species.
Other fauna
Plot 4 is not considered likely to support significant populations of any notable fauna species beyond those described above.
3.6 Plot 5
Plot 5 is centred on Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference SU 192436 and extends to approximately 2.2 ha.
3.6.1 Habitats and Flora
The location of Plot 5 is shown on Drawings 1 and 2, with details of the habitats recorded shown on Drawing 2. The plot is located within an area of sports pitches, dominated by intensively managed amenity grass.
The sports fields had been cut shortly before the survey, hindering the identification of plant species. However, the habitat appears typical of amenity grassland, being dominated by rye-grasses, with abundant bents and red fescue. Broadleaved plants are infrequent and limited to those species tolerant of mowing, including daisy, dandelion, white clover and greater plantain.
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A semi-mature, double-stemmed, sycamore is present in the south eastern corner of the plot.
A narrow (approximately 2m) strip of unmanaged coarse neutral grassland separates Plot 5 from Plot 1, which lies to the west. This strip is dominated by false oat-grass, with occasional wall barley, field rose (Rosa arvensis), spear thistle, common ragwort, broad- leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and self-set hawthorn, cherry (Prunus sp.) and sycamore saplings. Common nettle is locally frequent.
At the northern tip of the playing field area, outside the identified boundary to Plot 5, is a small area of trees and scrub. This comprises abundant blackthorn, bramble, and ivy with occasional mature sycamore, elder, wild privet (Ligustrum vulgare), and semi-mature ash.
To the east and south of Plot 5 are areas of residential development. These were inaccessible, but appear typical, with brick and tile buildings surrounded by typical garden planting and amenity lawns.
No derogated plant species were recorded in or adjacent to Plot 9.
3.6.2 Fauna
Badgers
No badger setts or other field signs of badger activity were recorded in Plot 5, or within any accessible area within 50m of the potential development footprint (Drawings 2 and 5).
Reptiles
The habitat within and surrounding Plot 5 was assessed as being inhospitable to reptiles during the Phase 1 habitat survey fieldwork, and was excluded from the reptile survey.
Amphibians
No bodies of standing water were recorded within Plot 5, and none has been identified within 250m using plans and aerial photography. It is considered that the plot is not significant for this group of animals.
Bats
No formal bat survey has been conducted. The semi-mature sycamore tree in the south- eastern corner of the plot did not appear to have any significant crevices that could be exploited by roosting bats, and no buildings are present. The amenity grassland is considered to represent a poor quality foraging habitat. Should the proposed development boundary change and potentially affect the small area of scrub and trees at the northern end of the playing fields then impacts on bats may occur as mature trees are present.
Birds
Blackbird (Turdus merula), blue tit (Parus caeruleus) and wood pigeon were recorded during the Phase 1 habitat survey, and it is considered likely that the playing fields are used by a range of common and commensal bird species for foraging. The semi-mature sycamore tree in the south eastern corner of the plot has limited value for nesting birds.
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Other fauna
Plot 5 is not considered likely to support significant populations of any notable fauna species beyond those described above.
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4.0 EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
4.1 Criteria for Evaluation
IEEM guidelines (2005) suggest that to ensure a consistency of approach, ecological features are valued in accordance with their geographical frame of reference as follows:
x International; x UK; x National (i.e. England); x Regional (e.g. South West); x County (e.g. Wiltshire); x Borough (Salisbury); x Neighbourhood or Parish; and x Site level only.
These categories are then applied to the features identified in baseline surveys and desk-top studies. Some features can already be recognised as having ecological value and as such they may be designated as a statutory or non statutory wildlife site, other features may require an evaluation based upon their previously un-assessed biodiversity value. The rationale for grading such features is provided below.
4.2 Designated Sites
Natural England notifies sites that are of international or national importance for nature conservation as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), although some sites that are of national importance for certain species have not been so designated. Internationally important sites may also be designated as Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas or Ramsar sites. In some instances a site that is considered to be of national importance can also be declared as a National Nature Reserve.
Biological Records Centres and Local Authority ecology units frequently designate sites that that have some nature conservation value, ranging from county level importance to local or parish level importance. These are frequently referred to as Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) or Sites of Local Importance for Nature Conservation (SLINCs).
4.2.1 Undesignated Features of Biodiversity Importance
Habitat Value
For features that have not been formally recognised by a designation SLR has undertaken an evaluation based upon those guidelines suggested by the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management. The features being evaluated are considered in the context of the site and locality. In this way it is possible to provide a more accurate assessment of the impacts in the locality.
Value for Species
The criteria used to determine the biodiversity value of a species or features that may support a species include the following general considerations: x rarity at a geographical level (international, national or local); x endemism and locally distinct varieties or sub-species; x species on the edge of geographic range;
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All species and populations of species, including those with statutory protection, are evaluated on the same basis. It should be noted that even when a species, great crested newt for example, is protected under European and UK statute, the presence of small population on a site within a region where this species is widespread is unlikely to be assessed at a value of greater than district level importance. Equally, a particular feature on a site may attract large numbers of an unprotected species that has limited distribution and this may represent a feature of regional importance.
Social, Community or Economic Value
Some areas of habitat/species may not be particularly rare or of high intrinsic ecological value but they may be of social or community value for a neighbourhood/community that has the use of such an area for recreational or educational use (nature trails for example). In addition to this some wild populations of animals may also be of economic value such as red grouse on heather moors that can be shot or trout in rivers that are fished or even significant populations of birds that may attract bird watchers to a region.
Such an assessment is however centred upon those populations and areas that are considered to be natural or semi-natural.
4.3 Evaluation
4.3.1 Designated Sites
The only identified designated site within 2km of the potential development plots is Salisbury Plain. This is a 21,400ha area of chalk heath and semi-natural dry grassland which is afforded some of the highest levels of statutory protection, reflecting its international importance for nature conservation. Salisbury Plain is variously designated as a SAC, SPA and SSSI for the habitats it supports and the assemblages of fauna species present. Whilst it is considered unlikely that standard construction techniques and post-development activities would constitute a significant negative impact on the Plain, all development proposals should be examined to confirm that this is the case, as any negative impact to Salisbury Plain should be avoided.
4.3.2 Un-Designated Habitats
The majority of the habitats within the site are anthropogenic in origin and reflect the use of the land as an active military garrison. Amenity grassland and hard-standing dominate, with few areas of semi-natural habitat being recorded. Two of the identified potential development plots comprise residential areas listed for redevelopment; a third comprises bare ground; and a fourth comprises amenity grassland playing fields. These areas are considered to have no significant intrinsic ecological or nature conservation value. The only undeveloped habitat recorded within the potential development plots was the tall weedy vegetation at Plot 2. This habitat type is considered to be ubiquitous in the locality and of site value only.
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None of the hedgerows recorded is considered likely to meet the criteria for classification as “Important Hedgerows” under the 1997 Hedgerow Regulations, as they are comparatively species poor and possess an insufficient number of associated features (taking into account that spring flowering plants may have been missed by the survey).
Broadleaved woodland is listed as a priority species on the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. Whilst none is present within the identified potential development plots, an area of this habitat recorded on Natural England’s inventory of Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitats is present to the immediate east of Plot 2 (Drawing 3).
4.4 Fauna
4.4.1 Badgers
No badger activity was recorded in or within the vicinity of Plots 1, 3, 4 or 5. Seven outlier badger setts were located in the vicinity of Plot 2, with three setts (Setts 6, 7 and 8, Drawings 3 and 6) considered to be sufficiently close to the development plot boundary to be at potential risk of physical damage. The other setts identified could be at risk of disturbance by construction activities.
Badgers and their setts are protected under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992, which prohibits: the killing, injury or taking of a badger; the damage, destruction or obstruction of a badger sett; and the disturbance of a badger whilst it is occupying a sett; amongst other actions.
However, despite the stringent level of protection afforded to badgers, they are a common species, protected solely for reasons of preventing cruel ill-treatment. The setts located during the survey are small and for the most part, little used. It is considered highly unlikely that the local badger population relies on either these setts or the potential foraging habitat contained within the identified potential development plots.
As a result, these features are considered to be of site level importance for nature conservation.
4.4.2 Reptiles
All common species of native reptile, common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), slow worm (Anguis fragilis), grass snake (Natrix natrix) and adder (Vipera berus) are protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) in respect of part of sub-section 9(1) and all of sub-section 9(5) only. With respect to development, it is an offence to intentionally kill and injure these species.
Two slow-worms were identified within Plot 2, no reptiles were recorded in Plot 3, and Plots 1, 4 and 5 were considered unsuitable to support reptiles.
Additional detail of the reptile survey results and findings is provided in the reptile survey report, together with recommendations for mitigation. Slow-worms are a comparatively common species in the area, and appropriate habitat is both widespread and extensive. Due to the small area of habitat the reptiles were recorded in, and the very low numbers recorded, the population of these animals at Bulford Camp is considered to be of site value only.
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4.4.3 Bats
Bats and their roosts are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981 and The Conservation of Habitat and Species Regulations Amendment 2012.
It is not possible based on the data collected to draw any firm conclusions in respect of the importance of the proposed potential development plots for local bat populations, particularly as detailed development proposals are not available and no recent bat surveys have been undertaken for the majority of the Plots. SLR has undertaken bat surveys of the buildings within Plot 3 in relation to development proposals on behalf of Aspire Defence Services; no evidence of bat roosts was found.
The resource of mature or over-mature trees is small and as such roosting opportunities for bats are very limited.
Three of the plots do not have buildings on them (Plots 1, 2 and 5), and the buildings on Plot 3 were being demolished at the time of the badger survey in December 2012. Plot 4 contains a number of buildings considered to have a low to moderate potential to support roosting bats.
Based on the habitat appraisals, it is considered that the identified development plots are likely to comprise of habitats of low value for foraging and commuting by bats. Whilst it is considered unlikely that any of the potential development plots are of significant value to local bat populations, where proposals include the removal or modification of any buildings or mature trees (e.g. tree surgery), a bat survey in accordance with best practice procedures is recommended. Bats and their roosts are stringently protected under both UK and European law.
4.4.4 Birds
All species of wild bird, regardless of how common they are, are afforded protection from killing and injury under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (amended) and from damage and destruction to their nest while it is in use or being built.
The hedgerows, scrub, mature trees and buildings offer potential for use by breeding birds, and the areas of scrub and weedy habitat provide foraging resources for a range of common bird species. Such habitat is, however, ubiquitous in the locality and the resources contained within the identified potential development plots is considered to be of site value only.
To avoid potential breaches of legislation, any suitable nesting habitat that is to be disturbed should be removed outside the bird breeding season (the breeding season is generally accepted as March to August inclusive). If this cannot be achieved then the area should be checked beforehand by a qualified ecologist to confirm no nesting birds are present. There is no evidence to suggest that specially protected (Schedule 1) species are present.
4.4.5 Amphibians
No standing water bodies were recorded within any of the proposed development plots, although a balancing pond was identified approximately 150m north-west of Plot 2. It is unknown whether this pond is ephemeral but it could potentially support breeding populations of amphibians, including legally protected species such as great crested newt (Triturus cristatus). Great crested newts and their habitat are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981 and The Conservation of Habitat and Species Regulations Amendment 2012.
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Should great crested newts be present in this pond, land within 250m could be considered foraging habitat, including areas of Plot 2.
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5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
An Extended Phase 1 habitat survey, reptile survey and badger survey have been undertaken in order to complete a preliminary ecological assessment of the potential development plots identified at Bulford Camp.
Plots 1, 3, 4 and 5 are considered to have no significant intrinsic ecological or nature conservation value; the habitats recorded comprise amenity grassland, buildings and hard- standing, with little semi-natural habitat. Plot 2 comprises tall weedy vegetation and is surrounded by semi-natural woodland. The habitats here are ubiquitous in the locality and are considered to be of site value only. Anthropogenic influence and disturbance is high, as might be expected at a working military garrison.
A statutorily designated wildlife site, Salisbury Plain, has been identified lying approximately 220m to the east of Plot 2, and 380m to the east of Plot 5. Salisbury Plain is designated as a SAC, SPA and SSSI. Whilst it is considered highly unlikely that any standard construction techniques or post development land use would have an impact on the nature conservation receptors for which Salisbury Plain has been designated, specific development proposals are not available at the current time. When detailed development proposals are available, they should be examined to confirm that Salisbury Plain would not be negatively impacted by the proposals.
A small population of slow-worm has been identified at Plot 2, the remaining four plots are not considered to have any significant value to reptiles.
No bat surveys have been conducted in relation to this report. A preliminary appraisal has concluded that the proposed development plots are unlikely to be significant to the maintenance of the Favourable Conservation Status (FCS) of local bat populations. However, if any mature trees or buildings are scheduled for removal or modification, then these should be inspected beforehand for their potential to support roosting bats.
Furthermore, if areas of structured vegetation such as scrubland and hedgerows cannot be retained within development proposals, then the opinion of an appropriately qualified ecologist should be sought in respect of the need or otherwise for bat activity surveys. Best practice guidelines in respect of the prevention of light pollution and overspill should also be followed.
5.1 Summary of Results by Plot
With the exception of Plot 1, all of the potential development plots contain habitats with the potential to supporting nesting birds, either in vegetation or buildings. As destruction of bird nests is prohibited by legislation, it is recommended that site clearance is either conducted outside the bird nesting season (the breeding season is March to August inclusive), or the site is surveyed for bird nests immediately prior to clearance by an appropriately qualified person, and appropriate mitigation employed if any are found.
5.1.1 Plot 1
At the time of survey, Plot 1 comprised bare ground and spoil heaps, being used for the stockpiling of soil. The plot is considered to have no significant intrinsic ecological value.
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5.1.2 Plot 2
Plot 2 comprises tall weedy vegetation within and around a running track; the habitat is considered to be of value at a site level only.
Badger setts were recorded along and close to the boundary of Plot 2. It is considered that the setts, which are all outlier setts, are unlikely to be critical to the maintenance of the local badger populations, however, appropriate mitigation must be employed should development proposals be likely to result in the damage or disturbance of these setts.
A small population of slow-worm was recorded here. Recommendations have been made in respect of appropriate mitigation measures within the reptile survey report.
5.1.3 Plot 3
This potential development area comprises residential buildings and amenity planting that has been left unmanaged for approximately one to two years. The habitats are considered to have no intrinsic nature conservation value.
No reptiles or badger setts were recorded here, however, the buildings are considered to have potential to support roosting bats.
During December 2012 it was observed that demolition of buildings in this area had commenced.
5.1.4 Plot 4
Plot 4 comprises actively used residential accommodation, managed amenity planting and hard-standing. The habitats are considered to have no significant intrinsic nature conservation value.
The buildings in this Plot are considered to have a low to moderate potential to support roosting bats.
5.1.5 Plot 5
Plot 5 comprises amenity grassland playing fields considered to have no intrinsic nature conservation value.
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6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations have been made in respect of the further assessment of development proposals:-
x A programme of badger activity monitoring should be established to gather the information required to submit a development licence application to Natural England in the event that Plot 2 is selected for development;
x Should any buildings or mature trees be scheduled for removal or modification, then these should first be subjected to an appropriate degree of bat survey, in accordance with best practice guidelines. Best practice guidelines on preventing light pollution and overspill should also be followed;
x All recommendations for mitigation and precautionary measures outlined in the associated reptile survey report should be followed; and
x When detailed development proposals are available, they should be examined so that an assessment can be made in respect of the likelihood for potential impacts to occur in respect of Salisbury Plain SAC/SPA/SSSI.
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7.0 CLOSURE
This report has been prepared by SLR Consulting Limited with all reasonable skill, care and diligence, and taking account of the manpower and resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. Information reported herein is based on the interpretation of data collected and has been accepted in good faith as being accurate and valid.
This report is for the exclusive use of Aspire Defence Capital Works; no warranties or guarantees are expressed or should be inferred by any third parties. This report may not be relied upon by other parties without written consent from SLR.
SLR disclaims any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the agreed scope of the work.
Habitats and their related ecological features are dynamic, changing naturally over time and the contents of this report represent a ‘snapshot’ of the site conditions at the time of survey. Consequently, the findings of this report are considered to be valid for a period of twelve months from publication.
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