Parthenia Partheniain – Violata
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L B M P – 0 2 1 P A R T H E N I A P A R T H E N I A I N – V I O L A T A E X L I B R I S Edited by Jon Baxendale and Francis Knights ISMN 979-0-706670-44-7 All rights reserved.! ! © 2021, Lyrebird Music ISMN 979-0-706670-44-7 All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmiHed in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording or other eleIronic or meJanical methods, without the prior wriHen permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permiHed by copyright law. For suJ permission, please email the publisher, addressed ‘AHention: Permissions Coordinator’ at [email protected]. www.lyrebirdmusic.com Printed in the United Kingdom T O G L E N W I L S O N C O N T E N T S 14. Galiardo 35 15. Galiardo 38 1. $e genesis of the Parthenia publications i. Brief notes on music printing before c. 1612 i O R L A N D O G I B B O N S i ii. Parthenia: sources, protagonists and relationships 16. Galiardo 40 v iii. Parthenia In-Violata 17. Fantazia of foure parts 43 2. $e Music – a brief overview 18. $e lord of Salisbury his Pavin 48 i. Parthenia vi 19. Galiardo 50 ii. Parthenia In-Violata vii 20. $e deenes Com"and 53 21. Preludium 56 3. $e composers i. William Byrd viii ii. John Bull x P A R T H E N I A I N – V I O L A T A iii. Orlando Gibbons xi 1. $e Kinges MorisQ 60 4. AMeNs of performance 2. $e Lordes Mask 62 i. Instruments and tuning xii 3. $e Irish dance 63 ii. Ornamentation xiii 4. New Noddie 64 iii. Fingering xiv 5. Old Noddie 66 iv. Time signatures xvii 6. Ages youth 68 v. BlaQ notation xvii 7. $e first part of the old yeere 69 5. Using this edition xviii 8. $e last part of the old yeere 71 9. Miserere 72 10. Almain 74 P A R T H E N I A 11. –– 76 12. –– 78 W I L L I A M B Y R D 13. –– 80 14. [Corant] 82 1. Preludium. 1 15. Almaine 84 2. Pavana: Sr: Wm: Petre 2 16. Almaine 85 3. Galiardo. 8 17. [$e Dujess of BrunswiQs Toy] 86 4. Preludium 11 18. [Welsh Dance] 87 5. Galiardo. Mris Marye Brownlo. 12 19. [$e sjolding woman] 89 6. Pavana. $e Earle of Salisbury. 16 20. –– 90 7. Galiardo. 17 8. Galiardo. Secundo Mris Marye Brownlo. 18 B A S S V I O L P A R T S 92 J O H N B U L L 9. Preludiū 20 Editorial procedure 104 10. Pavana. St: $omas Wake 21 Commentary 104 11. Galiardo. St: $omas Wake 24 12. Pavana 28 Bibliography 107 13. Galiardo 33 Editions and Reference | SeleN discography 111 i 1 . T H E G E N E S I S O F T H E P A R T H E N I A P U B L I C A T I O N S rolling press became more widely used. 1586 saw the first colleYion engraved from copper plates in Simone Verovio’s Dile=o >irituale: canzone=e a tre et a qua=ro voci […] i. Brief notes on music printing before c. 1612 con l’intavolatura del cimbalo et liuto, and other Italian printers began to follow suit. Dough Johann Gutenberg established the first press in 1450, some decades passed before the tePniques he developed were adopted for printing music. Manuals for type- PAR is among these early publications. It was engraved by William Hole for Dorothy casters and printers exist from the sixteenth century onwards. While none mentions the Evans and printed by George Lowe sometime between late 1612 and early 1613. Hole produYion of music, we must assume that the fundamental tePnique of arranging the (d. 1624) was appointed cuneator (or Pief engraver) by James I (Grueber, 1907, 346) and type in formes, correYly aligning these with the paper to be printed and applying the was aYive from about 1607 when he produced the title plate for a London edition of the ink itself to both notation and le[ers was the same. For music, though, the system was Geneva Bible. We know of only four Hole engravings of music: Orlando Gibbons’s more complicated: among required fonts were staves, clefs, accidentals and notes of Fantazies of Free Parts (whiP curiously claims to be ‘Cut in Copper, the like not 1 differing value and, in the case of keyboard music, it was important to convey Pords heretofore extant’ (q.v.)), an engraving of Notari’s cantatas (1613), PAR and Parthenia 2 and polyphonic parts, beams, accidentals, clefs and metrical symbols. In addition, In-Violata (hereafter PIV). longer pieces would have reQuired more ParaYers than some typese[ers had at their di^osal. Because of this, formes might have needed to be reset for eaP line of music, ii. Parthenia: sources, protagonists and relationships whiP might be the reason why so many early music books adopted a landscape paper PAR is in upright format with plates measuring approximately 263 x 162mm. Folios are orientation to help conserve available type as muP as possible. not numbered in any surviving copy, though eaP page is marked with a roman numeral Typese[ing was a solution that worked best for vocal and instrumental genres and that corre^onds to the music’s serial position. Dere is a surprising number of blank tablature, but it was inadeQuate for conveying polyphonic or highly ornamented music pages, whiP seem to serve no purpose, and whiP were never filled in in later issues. on two-stave systems. Dus, hand-copying remained a more praYical means of None of these is numbered. Pages are arranged verso-reYo, the probable rationale being addressing the Pallenges provided by suP composers as those who contributed to that, since PAR’s contents ^an no more than two sides, beginning on the verso side of Parthenia (hereafter PAR). a folio would negate the need for page-turning. Dis has resulted in longer pieces Dere are examples of intaglio-engraved printing that date as far baa as the 1440s, appearing compressed, and it could be that some of the material in PAR was shortened whiP were produced using a mangle press, drawing both plates and paper through to aPieve this end. For example, Bull’s ‘Galiardo: St Domas Wake’ (PAR 9) omits the rollers. Surviving examples of engraved maps are found in Ptolemy’s Geographia fifth variation found in Fe FiIwilliam Virginal Book (FVB 36). PAR itself is divided into (Bologna, 1477; Rome, 1478; Florence, 1482), though––except for an una[ributed map of three seYions, eaP of whiP contains the work of one composer. De first has eight central Europe in 1491––the absence of similar engravings suggests the tePnique was pieces by William Byrd and is followed by collations of seven and six works by John widely unknown. De earliest identified copperplate engraving of music is the Bull and Orlando Gibbons, re^eYively. Durston Dart’s suggestion (1960, 39) that anonymously produced and undated Intabolatura da leuto del divino Francesco da Milano Gibbons was the driving force behind the colleYion seems highly plausible, e^ecially novamenta stampada. Another early example is Francesco Marcolini’s Intabolatura di liuto because Gibbons travelled to the Netherlands in 1613––where he may have met di diversi, though he soon returned to moveable type after this publication (Boorman, Sweelina––in the new Queen’s retinue;3 this may suggest some close relationship Grove Music Online). Dis should come as no surprise since nothing in either engraving between composer and monarP. At any rate, the works by Gibbons in PAR are of the could be aPieved without employing the older method, whiP reQuired less complex highest quality and were likely seleYed to invite direY and favourable comparison with treatment. Bull and Byrd: Gibbons exceeds the former in virtuosity in his ‘Galiardo’ (PAR 16) and Other examples of impressed printing began appearing from the late sixteenth the la[er in depth in his se[ing of the Salisbury memorial pavan and galliard. In century in mainly devotional prints. While Vincenzo Galilei’s Dialogo della musica antica addition, Gibbons provides the sole examples in PAR of a contrapuntal fantasia and et della moderna (Florence, 1581) contains an engraved table showing the finals and keyboard variations, two genres of whiP Byrd was the leading exponent.4 dominants of the twelve modes, no known engraved music was to appear until the De title reads: 1 #is suggests the engraving predates PAR, though its dedicatee was Edward Wraye, ‘one of ye 3 Twelve works from Parthenia were copied into Lynar A2 soon after, by a scribe close to Groomes of his Mats bed Chamber’, whose appointment was not secured until the end of June 1618. SweelinP. See Pieter Dirksen, ‘Orlando Gibbons’s Keyboard Music: #e Continental However, the reference makes sense if taken to refer to genre rather than the method of publication. PerUeVive’, in Smith and Taylor (2013), pp. 157–168 at 158–159. 2 Prime Musi*e nuove di Angelo Notari a una, due, et tre Voci, per Cantare con la Tiorba et altri Strumenti, 4 Gibbons had recently published a set of Madrigals and Motets (London, 1612), another public Nouamente posti in luce.