Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13

Research Article JPER (2019), 3:13

Journal of Plant and Environmental Research (ISSN: 2475-6385)

Paclobutrazol influences post harvest life of Cvs. Dashehari, , Chausa and Fazri

Ashok Kumar ¹, С.Р. Singh² and Late Sant Ram³

1.Professor, Uttaranchal college of Agriculture Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, U.K. .2.Professor, Department of Horticulture, G.B.P.U.A&T- Pant Nagar, U.P., India.3.Professor, Department of Horticulture, G.B.P.U.A&T- Pant Nagar U.K. India

ABSTRACT The treatment consisted of different doses of Paclobutrazol *Correspondence to Author: (PP333) namely 1.0g and 0.5g/canopy diameter along with con- Ashok Kumar trol. Paclobutrazol was applied once in a year 15 October 1997 Professor, Uttaranchal college of and 15 September 1998 in soil around the tree canopy spread. Agriculture Science, Uttaranchal Paclobutrazol did not affect on Sugar, pH, Colour, K or glu- University, Dehradun-248007, U.K. cose-fructose ratio, reduced sugar concentration and did not ef- India. fect TSS and Firmness of Apple, increased TSS, Ascorbic Acid, Chlorophyll, ß-carotene, amylase, peroxides activity for 12 days How to cite this article: in Dashehari Mango in storage at ambient temperature (30-33°C), Ashok Kumar, С.Р. Singh and Late chemical used Paclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)-1-1(4-Chlorophenyl)-4, Sant Ram. Paclobutrazol influenc- 4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-trizol)-1-yl)] Pentan-3-ethanol. es post harvest life of Mango Cvs. Dashehari, Langra, Chausa and Keywords: Paclobutrazol (PBZ), Auxins (IAA), Gibberellins, Cy- Fazri. Journal of Plant and Environ- tokinins and Plant Growth Regulator. mental Research, 2019,3:13

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JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 1 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 Paclobutrazol is a triazoles derivative [(2RS, Forlani, M and Cappola, 1992), Persimmon 3RS)-1-1(4-Chlorophenyl)-4, 4- dimethyl-2- (1, (Lee and Kim, 1991), TSS in Cherry (Looney 2, 4-trizol)-1-yl)] Pentan-3-ethanol. and Mc Killar, 1987), Acidity in Apricot (Mehta Paclobutrazol did not affect on Sugar, pH, et al, 1990) and Grape (Shaltout et al, 1988, colour, K or glucose-fructose ratio in Grape Zoecklein et al,1991, Reynolds et al.. 1992). (Zoecklein et al., 1991). Amino-Cyclo-Propane, Curry and William, 1986, 1986, Elfving et al, Carboxylic Acid, Ethylene, Respiration, Sorbitol, 1987, 1989), Apricot (Subhadrabandhi et al. Fructose, Glucose, Sucrose and Malic Acid in 1990), Banana (El-Otmani et al., 1992), Cherry Apple (Wang and Steffens,1987). Gibberellins (Fateau and Chestnut, 1991), Mango (Kulkanri, and auxins might work together or 1988), Peach (Choi et al, 1988, Chun et al, independently as inhibitors of signals correlated 1990,, Chun and Lee, 1989, 1990), Pear to floral induction in perennial fruit trees. (Embree, 1987, Huang and Shen, 1987; Noma However, only the regular application of et al., 1989) and Plum (Straydom and doney gibberellins inhibits or delaysflowering. borne. 1987) It could not affect acidity in Peach Gibberellins are growth hormones and some of (Choi et al, 1988, Chun et al., Greene, 1986, them are responsible for the elongation of plant Elfving et al, 1987), Citrus (Fucik and Swicilnk, cells (Salisbury & Ross 1994). According to T50), Peach (Erez,1984; Tonutti et al, 1986) Castro Neto (1995), abscisic acid and Strawberry (McArthur and Eaton, 1988 ) concentrations are higher in the floral initiation In contrast Paclobutrazol induced early period than in the vegetative growth period, maturity and ripening in Grape (Reynolds 1989, when abscisic acid competes with gibberellins Reynolds et.al., 1992), Peach (Loreti, 1987, for inhibition of the vegetative growth. The use Martin et al, 1987, Zhang, 1990, George and of plant growth regulators has made it possible Nissan, 1992, Alan et al, 1993) Foliar spray of to change hormonal balance in favor of 2000 and 3000 mg/l PBZ at fruit bud flowering, and these chemical substances have differentiation, increased TSS, Ascorbic Acid, been used to manipulate the vegetative growth Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, Amylase, Peroxides in some species. The challenge, however, is to activity for 12 days in Dashehari Mango, do it without reducing their productive capacity. storage at ambient temperature (Khader, 1990) Paclobutrazol has been used to manage Material and Methods mango tree flowering, causing vegetative The present investigation was carried out at growth to stop and reducing sprout elongation laboratory of department of Horticulture, (Tongumpai 1999).Different responses to College of Agriculture and Horticulture paclobutrazol application are obtained in Research Center, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant mango cultivation, because there are many University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant cultivars grown commercially. Dosage and Nagar, India. application methods also influence the plant Treatment and Layout -The experiment was response to paclobutrazol (Davenport 2007, carried out on uniform trees (21-22 years) of Mouco et al. 2010), as some plants are capable Mango Cvs. Dahshehari, Langra, Chausa and of vegetating longer than others, and thus need Fazri during 1997-99. The treatment consisted higher doses. Sensitivity to paclobutrazol will of different doses of Paclobutrazol (PP333, also depend on climate and plant age and vigor PBZ) namely 1.0g and 0.5g/canopy diameter (Alburquerque et al. 2002) along with controls. Paclobutrazol was applied Paclobutrazol reduced Sugar concentration in once in years, 15 October 1997 and 15 Apple (Greene and Murray, 1983, Greene, September 1998 in soil around the tree canopy 1986, Byun and Chang, 1986, Luo et al, 1990 spread. The uniform size fruits were harvested and Kim, 1991), Grape (William et al., 1989, along with 5 cm stalk length with the help of JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 2 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 hand Secateurs, harvested fruits were washed respiration in stored mango fruits as compared and kept in Corrugated Fiber Board (CFB) to untreated ones at 33.8°c. Dharkar (1966) boxes in single layer under ambient found extended storage life in mango, temperature (30-33°C) for shelf life study of when irradiated with gamma rays. Unripe and Mango Cvs. Dashehari, Langra, Chausa and mature mangoes when irradiated at an Fazri. optimum dose of 25 Krads under air nitrogen or Physio Chemical Analysis:- The observation carbon dioxide nitrogen atmosphere could be on various physio-chemical characters were kept for a long time without much of recorded from 22 June 1998 and 22 July 1999 physiological losses. Singh et al. (1967) and harvested fruits recorded on 10 days of recorded that the weight of Dasehari mango storage in all replication according to the fruits decreased gradually with increasing experiments. The Physiochemical parameters storage period at room temperature. Roy et al. viz. TSS (Total Soluble Solids) were (1980) also obtained similar result in determined with help of hand refract meter; and Langra mango fruits during storage. acidity was estimated by titration pulp extract Srivastava (1967) reported that when mango with 0.1 N NaOH using phenolphthalein fruits kept in polyethylene bags with 0.4 per indicators. Total sugar, p-carotene content was cent ventilation caused minimum losses in determined according to method suggested by weight. Garg et al. (1971) reported that the pre Raganna (1992). Physiological loss in weight packaged mango of Dasehari cultivar showed, of fruits the effects of different wrappers and significantly lesser percentage of loss in weight chemicals either alone or in combination of both than those treated with wax emulsion. They on loss in weight of fruits due to physiological further reported that pre packaging plus wax causes during storage have been at varying coating proved to be superior to pre packing or degrees in different fruits. Mango fruits kept in wax coating alone. Garg et al. (1976) found the polyethylene bags showed considerably less minimum loss in weight (4.36percentage) in physiological losses. Cheema et al. (1939) Dasehari mango fruits treated with 2,4, 5-T, investigated the effect of different wrappers on while the maximum weight loss of 5.52 per cent mango fruits. They reported that the wrapping was observed in the fruits treated with cycocel. definitely slowed the ripening process even In Langra and Sundar Prasad mango fruits, after 42 days of storage at 8.8-C and this effect Roy et al (1980) found minimum loss in weight was most marked in fruits wrapped with wax in fruits treated with 52°±1°C hot water + paper. Mustard and Stab (1949) studied the captan (0,5percentage) for 5 minutes. Gaur and effect of' wrappers on transpiration losses, Bajpai (1978) found the minimum loss in weight quality and storage life of fruits and they of litchi fruits which were kept in open basket reported that wrapping materials retarded and maximum in those which were stored in ripening and moisture losses from mangoes polyethylene bags with paper cuttings. Bhullar and avocadoes. Dalai et al. (1962) used wax et al. (1980) recorded the minimum weight loss emulsion for extending the storage life of (7.45percentage) in benlate treated fruits of Sathgudi oranges in an investigation at Kinnow mandarin followed by captan and C.F.T.R.I. aureofungin (8.95percentage). The maximum physiological loss in weight (29.80percentage) The physiological loss in weight during storage was observed in control at the end of storage was found to show delaying effects on the period. Dhuna et al. (1977) and Jawanda et al. reduction of acidity, increase in TSS and (1978) also reported reduction in weight loss by retention of vitamin C. Agnihotri et al. (1963) coating citrus fruits with various chemicals. observed that the waxing retarded deterioration Dhillon et al. (1982) observed a progressive delayed the ripening and reduced the

JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 3 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 decrease in loss in weight of Flordasum peach transportation and transit by spending Rs. 7.5- with the increase in Gibberellin, concentration. 9.0/kg and Rs. 2/kg, respectively. Similarly they However the loss in weight in Sharbati peach found wooden boxes (47X30X12.5 cm3) were was not affected with the increasing most suitable to cater the same purpose for concentration of GA3. Tongde et al. (1982) long distance marketing of peaches with an recorded that binomial treated litchi fruits stored average expenditure of Rs. 2.20-2.85 for a kg. at 20°C showed only 0.1 per cent weight loss According to them, the storage life of peaches after 11 days of storage. Randhawa et al. can be extended for 40-45 days by adopting (1980) recorded minimum loss in weight of pear post-harvest treatments, suitable packaging treated with 4 per cent CaCl2 followed by GA3 and appropriate storage. 2.1.2 Physiological at 50 ppm concentration. Subtropical peaches loss in volume and size of fruits. The effects of showed the minimum loss in weight, under physiological processes during storage are 1000 ppm GA3. Choudhary (1983) recorded manifested on the volume and size of fruits that the weight of mango fruits decreased also. Fruits under different treatments behave gradually with increasing storage period in all differently. Shrinkage of the fruits is closely the treatments, being maximum related with the volume and size of the fruits. (15.43percentage) in untreated fruits followed Gaur and Bajpai (1978) reported that length by (15.30percentage) in newspaper wrapped and diameter of litchi fruits were mini Verma ones and minimum (7.28percentage) in and Bajpai (1971) recorded that the specific polyethylene wrapped fruits treated with 8 per gravity of fruit was the same as in fresh cent waxol up to a period of 10 days. Ghosh condition showing some higher value in Chausa and Sen (1984) observed maximum PLW of than other cultivars. Mann and Singh (1973) sweet orange fruits under control followed by recorded that there was a continuous increase those treated with Carbendazim, ethylene in average specific gravity as the maturity chlorohydrin. Calcium carbonate and copper period advanced. The palatabiility of Dasehari sulphate during storage. Joshi and Roy (1985) fruits on ripening was rated as excellent at observed that the PLW of Alphanso mango specific gravity of 1.008 or more. However, in fruits gradually increased till the end of shelf Langra fruits the palatability varied from good to life. Roy and Pandey (1983) and Kalara et al. excellent at the specific gravity of 1.078. Singh (1986) also obtained similar result. Khurdia and et al. (1976) also reported that with the Sagar (2001) recorded that mango fruits can be progress of maturity of fruits there was a kept in LDPF (400 gauge) and ALPF (200 continuous increase in the specific gravity gauge) for the retention of good quality in (1.025 to 1.017) in Neelum mango fruits. respect of colour, flavour and texture without Similar results were also reported by Singh et much physiological loss in weight up to 6 month al. (1978) in Taimuna and Sukul cultivars of at low temperature (7"C). Singh et al. (2005) mango. Gaur and Bajpai (1978) found recorded that ber fruits treated with cycocel superiority of litchi fruits in respect of specific 1000 ppm, either alone or in combination with gravity under storage which were treated with potassium sulphate (2percentage) and benlate sodium hypochlorite and kept in perforated (500ppm) could be stored well up to 8 days with polyethylene bags. Sharma (1085) observed a minimum PLW. Singh et al. (2007) worked on that the specific gravity of litchi fruits reduced post-harvest management of peaches most significantly in fruits under control during packaging materials and reported that for local storage. Significantly less reduction in specific markets HDPE crates (52X34X41 cm3) and gravity was found in fruits treated with 1.0 per CFB boxes (38X30X20 cm3) can be used for cent copper sulphate solution and kept in effectively checking the PLW during vented polyethylene bags. According to Joshi

JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 4 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 and Roy (1985), the moisture content of emulsion and kept under polyethylene cover in Alphonso fruits was proportional to the specific storage. gravity. The moisture content of the fruits was CHEMICAL CHANGES- Total soluble solids maximum at harvest and declined gradually (Brix) of Fruits Increase and decrease in total during transport and storage irrespective oi soluble solids of the fruits have usually been speciiic gravity. 2.1.4 Respiration rate of fruits observed during the storage period. Increase in Respiration is the most vital physiological TSS has been found with the advancement of process of living being. Ripening of any fruit is maturity in mango, Mukherjee (1959) and Singh directly proportional to the rate of respiration. et al. (1976). Garg (197G) observed that all the Pre treatments before the storage of fruits fruits of mango (cv. Dashehan) whether treated greatly manipulated the rate of respiration or untreated showed a total rise in TSS during ultimately increasing the economic life. storage. Randhawa el al, (1977) and Bhullar et Mukherjee (1959) reported that the climacteric al. (1980) reported that the TSS content was respiration occurred in mango fruits just before higher in grapes packed with paper wrappers maturity. The immature fruits respire at higher as compared to those packaged in polyethylene rate than the mature ones. Agnihotri et al. bags. Highest TSS was recorded in fruits under (1963) observed that waxing retarded control. Deterioration, delayed the ripening and reduced Statistical Design - The observation recorded respiration in stored mango fruits as compared were subjected to statistical analysis by using to untreated ones at 33.8 C. According to Ram CRD (Completely Randomized Design) for lab et al. (1970), the higher concentration of MH-40 experiments valid conclusions were drawn only and 2,4,5-T retarded the rate of respiration in on significant differences between the Kagzi Lime in storage where as increasing treatment mean at 5 % level of probability trend was observed both at room and low (Conchran and Cox, 1959). In order to compare temperature when treated with 200 ppm IBA. treatment means, critical difference were Garg et al. (1971) reported that the rate of calculated respiration of untreated fruits was the maximum 55 mg CO2/kg/hour after 4 days whereas Result and Discussion different peaks were observed after 7th days of The fruits were kept in Corrugated Fibber Board storage at room temperature in wax emulsion (CFB) boxes in single layer under ambient dipped treatments viz 45 mg CO3/Kg/hour 41 temperature (30-33°C). The time taken for mg CO./kg/hour in pre packing and 38mg ripening of fruits of cultivars Dashehari, Langra, CO2/kg/hour in wax emulsion cum pre packing. Chausa and Fazri were 1-2 days earlier in both The respiration rate there after showed a the year. However, lowest doses of decreasing trend. Ram et al. (1971) also Paclobutrazol 0.5 g Paclobutrazol / meter recorded similar observations. Srivastava et al. canopy diameter were ineffective on early (1973) observed an increasing trend of ripening. Similar was the effect of Paclobutrazol respiration in orange up to 20th day of storage on fruit quality in terms of fruit weight, fruit after which it declined, Garg et al. (1977) volume fruits length and width after ripening reported that the Cycocel and MH-40 proved to with out any effect on percent weight loss and be equally effective to retard the respiration rate specific gravity of ripe fruits. of guava fruits in storage. Subashchandra and Dashehari Mango kept in Corrugated Fibber Rao (1985) reported that the respiration rate Board (CFB) boxes in ambient temperature (30- was maximum in untreated fruits of guava, 33°C). The time taken for ripening in general while it was minimum in fruits treated with wax 11.5 days. Higher doses of PBZ (1.0 g Paclobutrazol/meter canopy diameter) were

JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 5 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 effective on early ripening Dashehari Mango is sized. The skin is thin and same what adhering 1-2 days early ripe with lightly significant effect pulp raw sienna soft and fucy with canty fine on TSS, Acidity and reducing and non-reducing long fibber near the skin. The fruit is very sweet sugar. Table 1A, 1B is shows that with luscious, delightful aroma of excellent Paclobutrazol treated Dashehari mango is quality. Seed monoembryonic in a thick, slightly increase TSS (23.40%), Acidity medium sized oblong stone with five, short (0.22%), and Total Sugar (15.33%) Reducing fibbers all over the surface and a tuft of long Sugar (3.89%), Non-reducing Sugar (11 46%), fibbers on the ventral edge and a light bearer. ß-carotene (1.42%) and Ascorbic Acid The fruits of Chausa is harvested on 24th July (36.79mg). However, this treatment is better in were kept at ambient temperature (30-33°C) for higher doses of Paclobutrazol (1.0 g/meter ripening and data on their weight, TSS, Acidity canopy diameter) compare to lower doses (0.5 percent, total sugars, β- carotene and change g/meter canopy diameter). of peal and pulp color during ripening. Data The fruit of Langra Mango is greenish yellow further show that Chausa fruit take 6-8 days to with medium is big dark green dots, ovals- ripen when harvested on 24th July. Data of oblong, 8. 10.5 cm long by 6.5-7.5 cm broad by table 1A, 1B show that Paclobutrazol forces the 6-7 cm thick weighting 235-735 g. The skin is fruit to ripen early (1-2 days) without any medium smooth thick. The flesh firm to soft, significant on percent fruit weight loss, stone fibreless lemon yellow, very sweet with strong ratio width of fruit and stone. Data further show pleasant aroma, juice moderately abundant, that Paclobutrazol reduced fruit weight, fruit mono embryonic seed in medium sized, volume, width of fruit, and length of fruit. The flattened stone covered with dense, soft and various cultivars responded effectively to short fibber, quality is very good. Early to mid reduction of fruit size and stone. season varieties. Therefore, the fruit were kept Data again shows that higher doses of PBZ in ventilated room and ripened at ambient (1.0 g/meter canopy diameter) were more temperature (30-33°C). The time taken for effective than lower doses of PBZ (0.5 g/meter ripening in general 8-10 days, higher doses of canopy diameter) and slightly increased the PBZ (1.0 g/meter canopy diameter) were fruit quality in term of TSS, acidity percent, effective on early ripening Langra Mango 2-3 reducing and non-reducing sugar, β-carotene days early ripens with slightly significant effect and ascorbic acid. The fruits kept in ventilated on TSS %, acidity % and total sugar %, room and ripened at ambient temperature (30- reducing and non-reducing sugar %. 33°C). The fruit of Fazri is light chrome yellow Data 1A, 1B is show that higher doses of PBZ with small, dark colored fairly sparse dots, (1.0 g/meter canopy diameter) is slightly oblique oval with base slightly rounded and increased TSS (21.07%), Acidity (0.18%), Total beak distinct to slightly prominent, large, Sugar (17.35%), Reducing Sugar (5.82%), average 14.3 cm long by 9.8 cm board, Non-Reducing Sugar (21.83%), ß-Carotene weighting 500 g on average with a medium (1.38%), Total Sugar (17.39%), Reducing thick skin that is smooth with some inclination (5.85%), Non-Reducing (11.56%), β-Carotene to be warty and firm to soft fibreless flesh of a (1.39), Ascorbic Acid (132.43 mg) as well as light cadmium yellow with a pleasant aroma lower doses (0.5 g/m canopy diameter) Chausa and a sweet taste, having juice that may be is late maturing cultivars of Mango. The fruit is scanty to moderately abundant seed mono canary yellow raw sienna, when fully ripe with embryonic in large, oblong stone that is numerous obscure medium sized dotes with covered with sparse short and soft fibber, mid minute specks inside them, oblong with to late varieties. prominent beak, obtuse to rounded medium

JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 6 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 Table 1A: Effects Paclobutrazol treatment on fruit of mango cv. , Langra, Chausa and Fazri (1997-98) Treatment TSS(%) Acidity (%) Total Reducing Non reducing βcarotene Ascorbic acid Sugar Sugar Sugar(%) (mg) (%) (%) Dashehari Control 23.40 0.22 15.33 3.89 11.46 1.42 36.79 1.0g PBZ m tree canopy diam. 23.73 0.20 15.39 3.90 11.51 1.14 37.16

Langra Control 21.07 0.18 17.35 5.82 11.54 1.38 132.34 1.0g PBZ m tree canopy diam. 21.83 0.17 17.39 5.85 11.56 1.39 132.43

Chausa Control 21.66 0.26 17.47 5.34 12.14 1.12 38.86 1.0g PBZ m tree canopy diam. 21.71 0.25 17.51 5.36 13.23 1.13 39.35

Fazri Control 17.57 0.31 13.64 5.66 7.98 1.15 12.91 1.0g PBZ m tree canopy diam. 17.81 0.29 13.69 5.67 8.05 1.16 13.21 CD at 5% Cultivar 0.20 0.84 0.19 0.12 0.40 0.76 0.51 Treatment 0.14 0.59 0.13 0.86 0.28 0.54 0.36 Interction 0.28 NS NS NS NS NS 0.72 (Means followed by different letters within columns significantly differ by Fisher’s LSD at p = 0.05)

Fig 1A: Effects Paclobutrazol treatment on fruit of Mango cv Dasheri, Langra, Chausa and Fazri (1997-98).

140 120

100 TSS(%) 80 Acidity (%) 60 Total Sugar (%) 40 Reducing Sugar (%) 20 Non reducing Sugar(%) 0 βcarotene

Fazri Ascorbic acid (mg) Langra Chausa Control Control Control Control Cultivar CD at at 5% CD Interction Dashehari Treatment

tree… m PBZ 1.0g tree… m PBZ 1.0g tree… m PBZ 1.0g tree… m PBZ 1.0g (Means followed by different letters within columns significantly differ by Fisher’s LSD at p = 0.05)

Table 1B: Effects Paclobutrazol treatment on fruit of mango cv. Dasheri, Langra, Chausa and Fazri (1997-98) Treatment TSS(%) Acidity( Total Reducing Nonreducin βcarotene Ascorbic %) Sugar(%) Sugar(%) g Sugar(%) acid (mg) Dashehari Control 23.31 0.23 15.35 3.88 11.44 1.13 37.75 0.5g PBZ m tree canopy diam. 23.65 0.20 15.42 3.88 11.48 1.14 37.12

Langra Control 21.11 0.18 17.37 5.81 11.54 1.37 132.32 0.5g PBZ/ m tree canopy diam. 21.78 0.17 17.41 5.83 11.54 1.38 132.37

Chausa Control 21.64 0.26 17.48 5.33 12.13 1.11 38.97

JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 7 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 0.5g PBZ/ m tree canopy diam. 21.81 0.25 17.54 5.36 13.15 1.13 39.33

Fazri Control 17.54 0.31 13.64 5.67 7.46 1.14 22.89 0.5g PBZ/ m tree canopy diam. 17.75 0.29 13.73 5.65 8.04 1.16 13.17 CD at 5% Cultivar 0.60 0.84 0.11 0.43 0.37 0.56 0.44 Treatment 0.43 0.59 0.79 0.30 0.26 0.40 0.31 Interction 0.86 NS NS 0.61 NS NS 0.63

250

200

150 Ascorbic acid (mg) Ascorbic acid (mg) 100 βcarotene

50 Nonreducing Sugar(%) Reducing Sugar(%) 0 Total Sugar(%) Acidity(%) TSS(%)

Fig 1B: Effects Paclobutrazol treatment on fruit of Mango cv Dasheri, Langra, Chausa and Fazri (1997-98).

Fazri took 11.5 days for ripening at ambient and non-reducing sugar and β-carotene in temperature. Data 1A, 1B show that Mango Cvs. Dashehari, Langra, Chausa and Paclobutrazol higher doses of 1.0 g/m tree Fazri. In the present investigation Paclobutrazol canopy diameter treatments had slightly induced early fruiting in treated trees take increase acidity percent; total sugar percent lesser time to ripen after than those harvest and ascorbic acid than control (expect TSS, than those control. (Table 2A, 2B) reducing and non-reducing sugar percent and Data further shows that früits of Paclobutrazol β-carotene). The interaction between treated trees posses higher TSS, Acidity, Paclobutrazol and cultivars were non-significant Ascorbic Acid, reducing and non-reducing except TSS, fruit quality was differed in different sugar and ß-carotene in all the Cvs. of Mango cultivars without any interaction effect between (Table 2A, 2B). Similar works have been PBZ and Cultivars. Data 1A, 1B further shows reported by some workers in Mango (Khader on fruit quality that Paclobutrazol forces the fruit 1991; Kurian and lyer, 1993) and other crops to ripen early 1-2 days. viz. Apple (Visai et al.,n 1989), Grape (Reynold, The effect of Paclobutrazol in early treatment 1988, 1989; Reynold et al., 1991), Plum was more pronounced than those applied later (Chandel and Jindal, 1991), Citrus Gilfillan and and PBZ and higher doses conferring the fact Lowe, 1985). Strawberry (Thakur et al., 1991), the Paclobutrazol with capable of increasing Apricot (Mehta et al., 1990) and Peach (Zhang, TSS, Acidity %, Ascorbic Acid (mg), reducing 1990). Data further shows that PBZ treatment

JPER: https://escipub.com/journal-of-plant-and-environmental-research/ 8 Ashok Kumar et al., JPER, 2019, 3:13 induced 1-2 days early ripening with reduction 7. Chun, J.P. and Lee, J.C. 1989. The effect of in fruit size, increased in weight loss with higher foliar application of Paclobutrazol on Vegetative growth, Fruit quality and storage behaviors of TSS and total sugar and low acidity, better fruit Okubo Peach trees. Abstracts of communicated quality in terms of high TSS and total sugar due papers. Horticultural Abstracts, Korean Society to Paclobutrazol. However, smaller fruit size in for Horticultural Science 7: 126-127 Presented PBZ treated trees appears to be due to high at the 27th meeting of the Korean Society for productivity similar to in Apple (Tymoszuk and Horticultural Science held at kyung Hee University 11 Feb. 1989. Mika, 1986, Greene, 1886). Date therefore, 8. Curry, E.A. and Williams. M.W. 1983. Promalin suggested effective dose of PBZ used for or GA3 increase pedicels and Fruit Length and induction fruiting in first year should be reduced leaf size of ‘Delicious’ Apples treated with in the second year. Paclobutazol, Hort Sci 18: 214-215. 9. Dalai, V.B.; Subramanyam, H. and Srivastava, Acknowledgement H.C. 1962. Studies on the effect of repeated wax I take this opportunity to express my sincere coating on storage behaviour of coorg oranges. thanks, profound sense of severances and J. Fd. Sci. 11(8): 240-244. gratitude to late Dr. Sant Ram, Prof. and Dean 10. Deng, H.N.: Wu, G.L.; Zhang, L.C. and Zhang, S.L. 1990. Effect of Paclobutrazol on PGS and Chairman my advisor committee for Photosynthesis and associated characters in his valuable suggestions, guidance. Keen Citrus Seedlings. Jiangsu.J. Ag. Sci, 6:39-44. interest constructive criticism and unending 11. Deyton, D.E and Cummins, J.C. 1991. encouragement during the course of these Strawberry growth and photosynthesis response investigation and preparations of manuscript. of Paclobutrazol. J.Amer. Soc.Hort Sci, 109: 878- 882. References 12. El- Khoreiby, A.M.; Unrath, C.R. and Lehman, 1. Agnihotri, B. N.; Kapoor, K.L. and Srivastava, L.J. 1990. Paclobutrazol spray timing influence J.C. 1963. Physico-chemical changes in mango Apples green growth. Hort. Sci.; 24: 310-312. during storage. Punjab Hort J., 3: (2 - 4) 286- 13. E.I. Otmani.: Jabri, K and Sedhi, M. 1992. 291. Paclobutrazol effect on devlopment on 2. Allan, P.; George, A.P.; Nissen, R.J.; Greenhouse and growth banana: a 2-year Rasmussen, T.S. and Morley Bunker, M.J 1993. assessment. Acta Hortic.: 196: 8996. Effect of Paclobutrazol on phonological cycling of 14. Elfving, D.C. Chu, C.L.; Lougheed, E.C. and low chill ‘Florida prince’ Peach in Sub tropical Cline, R.A. 1987. Effected of Daminozide and Australia. 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