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Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
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PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem from China Congjin Chen,a,c,* Zhangfa Tong,a Dankui Liao,a Yue Li,a Guoen Yang,b and Mingfei Li c The chemical components of essential oil of Toona sinensis leaf blades and their petioles from China were extracted by simultaneous distillation solvent extraction (SDE) and were analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial and DPPH scavenging activity of the essential oil were evaluated. The results showed that there were differences in chemical compositions and content among essential oils extracted from T. sinensis in different parts and different geographical areas in China, but the main components of essential oils were sesquiterpene and sesquiterpene oxygenated compounds, accounting for 90.1% (No. 1), 92.6% (No. 2), and 80.9% (No. 3) of the relative mass fraction, respectively. T. sinensis essential oil exhibited noticeable growth inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of different essential oils against microorganisms were different. For all essential oil samples, MIC and MBC against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were less than 25 μg·mL−1, MIC and MBC against Penicillium citrinum were 200 and 400 μg·mL−1, respectively, and MIC and MBC against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were 50 and 200 −1 μg·mL , respectively. The IM50 of DPPH scavenging for T. sinensis essential oil was less than 0.3 g DPPH per g essential oil. The results indicated that T. sinensis essential oil may be a useful natural antiseptic source from forest products. -
PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (In English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
Original language: English PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (in English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Quick scan of Orchidaceae species in European commerce as components of cosmetic, food and medicinal products Prepared by Josef A. Brinckmann Sebastopol, California, 95472 USA Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authorithy of Switzerland and Lichtenstein 2014 PC22 Doc 22.1 – p. 1 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Information about the Databases Used ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Anoectochilus formosanus .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Countries of origin ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2. Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Anoectochilus Formosanus Cell Culture Extract (CosIng) ............................................ 13 1.2.2. Anoectochilus Formosanus Extract (CosIng) ................................................................ 13 1.3. Selected finished -
Evaluation of Certain Food Additives
952 Food Additives WHO Technical Report Series WHO Technical Sixty-ninth report of the FOOD ADDITIVES Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations S I N A P T A F I EVALUATION OF CERTAIN EVALUATION OF CERTAIN FOOD ADDITIVES WHO Technical Report Series 952 ISBN 978 92 4 120952 6 2,3-trimethylbutyramide (No. 1595) and N, , phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters, , calcium lignosulfonate (40–65), ethyl lauroyl arginate, paprika Pichia pastoris A. niger -unsaturated aldehydes, acids and related alcohols, acetals and esters; β , α expressed in niger Aspergillus L-monomenthyl glutarate (No. 1414). recommendations for intakes and Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee’s toxicological evaluations of the food additives considered. aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; alkoxy-substituted allylbenzenes present in foods and essential oils and used as flavouring agents; esters of aliphatic acyclic primary alcohols with aliphatic linear saturated carboxylic acids; furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers; miscellaneous nitrogen-containing substances; monocyclic and bicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives; and substances structurally related to menthol). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: canthaxanthin; carob bean gum and carob bean gum (clarified); chlorophyllin copper -
12- Rbspa-2017-0018
Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.18, n.2, p.337-346 abr./jun., 2017 ISSN 1519 9940 http://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/rbspa-scielo http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402017000200012 Effect of essential oils from Mangifera indica L. cultivars on the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. strains isolated from dogs Efeito dos óleos essenciais de variedades de “Mangifera indica” L. na susceptibilidade antifúngica de cepas de Candida spp. isoladas de cães FONTENELLE, Raquel Oliveira dos Santos 1; SOBRINHO, Antonio Carlos Nogueira 2*; SOARES, Bruna Vieira 3; AGUIAR, Francisca Lidiane Linhares de 4; BRITO, Erika Helena Sales de 5; CAVALCANTE, Carolina Sidrim de Paula 4; ROCHA, Marcos Fábio Gadelha 3,6; MORAIS, Selene Maia de 2,3 . 1Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. 2Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia-Renorbio, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biotecnologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. 3Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. 4Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. 5Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Redenção, Ceará, Brasil. 6Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. *Endereço para correspondência: [email protected] RESUMO variaram de 0,31 a 0,62 mg/mL; ao passo que para a variedade Moscatel o valor de CIM foi 1,25 mg/mL para todas as cepas de Candida spp. -
Comparative Analysis of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids in the Leaves of Pinus Species—A Potentially Abundant Renewable Resource
molecules Article Comparative Analysis of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids in the Leaves of Pinus Species—A Potentially Abundant Renewable Resource Wensu Ji 1 and Xiaoyue Ji 2,* 1 Ordnance Non-Commissioned Officers School, Army Engineering University of PLA, Wuhan 430075, China; [email protected] 2 Advanced Analysis & Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Pinaceae plants are widely distributed in the world, and the resources of pine leaves are abundant. In the extensive literature concerning Pinus species, there is much data on the composition and the content of essential oil of leaves. Still, a detailed comparative analysis of volatile terpenes and terpenoids between different species is missing. In this paper, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatile terpenes and terpenoids of typical Pinus species in China. A total of 46 volatile terpenes and terpenoids were identified, and 12 common compounds were found, which exhibited a great diversity in the leaves of Pinus species. According to the structures and properties of the compounds, all those compounds can be classified into four categories, namely monoterpenes, oxygenated terpenes, terpene esters, and sesquiterpenes. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the leaves of the six Pinus species could be divided into two groups. The species and contents of volatile terpenes and terpenoids in the leaves were quite different. The results not only provide a reference Citation: Ji, W.; Ji, X. Comparative for the utilization of pine leaves resource, but also bring a broader vision on the biodiversity. -
Real Scientists Answer Your Beauty Questions
Real Scientists Answer Your Beauty Questions Real Scientists Answer Your Beauty Questions edited by Sarah Bellum brains publishing Brains Publishing – New York, Chicago Copyright © 2008 by Brains Publishing All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Brains Publishing. www.brainspublishing.com The authors have attempted to make this book as accurate and up to date as possible, but it may contain errors, omissions, or material that is out of date at the time you read it. Neither the author nor publisher has any legal responsibility or liability for errors, omissions, out-of-date material, or the reader’s application of the advice contained in this book ISBN: 978-0-9802173-4-6 Printed in the United States of America First Edition For Beauty Brainiacs everywhere ... Real Scientists Answer Your Beauty Questions Table of Contents Who are the Beauty Brains viii What’s the Purpose of The Beauty Brains? ix Section I Hair Chapter 1 Hair Products and how they work The shampoo secret companies don’t want you to know 1 Is Paul Mitchell making your hair break 3 Is Ojon Restorative Treatment any good 5 Two natural oils that make your hair shiny and strong 7 Is Pantene good or bad for my hair 8 Are salon products in stores the same as those in salons 10 Do curling shampoos really work 11 Chapter 2 Tips on Caring for Your Hair Drying dilemma – What’s the best way to dry your hair 14 Three simple secrets to save your scalp 16 Want shiny hair? Avoid the dirty dozen 17 How to tell if a dandruff shampoo will really work 19 You don’t have to use -
Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia Veronicifolia Populations Growing in Frag
plants Article Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández 1, Nemesio Villa-Ruano 2, Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria 3,* , César Augusto Barrales-Cortés 4, Fabiola Eloisa Jiménez-Montejo 1 and María del Carmen Cruz-López 1,* 1 Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; [email protected] (Y.P.-H.); [email protected] (F.E.J.-M.) 2 CONACyT-Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Mexico 4 Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Puebla 72820, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.L.-G.); [email protected] (M.d.C.C.-L.) Abstract: Brickellia veronicifolia is a native Asteraceae from Mexico that persists in fragmented habitats. This investigation reports the genetic and chemical diversity of B. veronicifolia. The diversity analysis based on iPBS markers showed an averaged Shannon index (S) of 0.3493, a Nei genetic diversity (h) of 0.2256, and a percentage of polymorphic loci average (P) of 80.7867%. The population structure obtained by AMOVA revealed that the highest variation found within populations was 94.58%. Citation: Pacheco-Hernández, Y.; GC-MS profiling of six populations indicated that major volatiles were β–caryophyllene (11.63%), Villa-Ruano, N.; Lozoya-Gloria, E.; spathulenol (12.85%), caryophyllene oxide (13.98%), α–cadinol (7.04%), cubedol (6.72%) and tau- Barrales-Cortés, C.A.; muurolol (4.81%). -
Dermalogica Ingredients
Dermalogica Ingredients Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil, PEG-40 Sorbitan Peroleate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Solanum Lycopersicum (To- mato) Extract, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil, Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Decyl Olive Esters, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Citral, Limonene, Linalool, Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil, Lavandula Hybrida Oil, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil, Lavandula Angustifolia Dermalogica PreCleanse (Lavender) Oil, Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil, Isopropylparaben, 5.1oz/150ml-666151010611 Isobutylparaben, Butylparaben. Water/Aqua/Eau, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil, Kaolin, Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate, Butylene Glycol, Glyceryl Stearate, Pentylene Glycol, Sorbitan Oleate, Illite, Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Sambucus Nigra Flower Extract, Arnica Montana Flower Extract, Parietaria Officinalis Extract, Nasturtium Officinale Flower/Leaf Extract, Arctium Lappa Root Extract, Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract, Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Fruit Extract, Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf/Root Extract, Saponaria Officinalis Leaf/ Root Extract, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Tocopherol, Cetyl Dermalogica Dermal Clay Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Sorbitan Trioleate, Menthol, -