DOCSLIB.ORG

Situating English Language Teaching in Indonesia Within a Critical, Global

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Situating English Language Teaching in Indonesia Within a Critical, Global Situating English Language Teaching in Indonesia within a Critical, Global Dialogue of Theories: A Case Study of Teaching Argumentative Writing and Cross-Cultural Understanding Courses RIBUT WAHYUDI A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2018 ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to critically examine lecturers’ discursive statements in interviews and English Language Teaching (ELT) classroom practices in Indonesia, primarily in the teaching of Argumentative Writing (AW) and Cross Cultural Understanding (CCU) courses at two universities (Multi-Religious and Islamic University) in Java. This study uses poststructural and interdisciplinary lenses: Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA); Connell’s (2007) ideas of Southern Theory, Kumaravadivelu’s (2006b) Post Method Pedagogy, and Al-Faruqi’s (1989) and Al-Attas’ (1993) Islamisation of knowledge, as well as the critiques of these theories and other postcolonial voices. The critical examination of ELT practices through poststructural and interdisciplinary lenses in an Indonesian context is urgent, as teaching practices at present are subjected by competing regimes of ‘truth’ including Western, neoliberal, Southern, and Islamic discourses. The data were collected from curriculum policy documents, semi structured interviews, stimulated recalls and classroom observations from seven lecturers. The data were then transcribed and analysed primarily using FDA and also discussed in relation to other interdisciplinary theories, the critiques of these theories, and other relevant postcolonial literatures. Within the analysis there is a particular focus on how ELT Methods and World Englishes are enacted, negotiated, or resisted by lecturers. This study strongly suggests that Western discourses have dominated other regimes of truth, as evidenced in the privileging of process and genre approaches, global Northern structures of AW essay, as well as an emphasis on American and British English in AW courses and the privileging of those two dominant English varieties in CCU courses in most contexts. The study also suggests there are tensions between religious discourse and emerging neoliberal discourses in national policies and university documents and some lecturers’ language. Southern discourses seem to have been marginalised and seem to be only resorted to support the use of Western discourses in the classroom teaching. The use of FDA and interdisciplinary lenses, along with their critiques and other postcolonial voices, are underexplored in current studies of ELT practices. Therefore, i this study extends scholarship in the ELT field and makes a case for exposing lecturers to counter discourses, such as Southern and Islamic discourses, in order for them to be able to critically negotiate or appropriate Western and neoliberal discourses in their teaching practices. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my parents Bu (Mother) Tukiyem and Bapak (Father) Suwoto and my big family in Sanenrejo, Jember, Indonesia. I also dedicate this thesis to my lovely wife, Dwi Rahayu and my newly born son: Muhammad Ibnu ‘Athaillah Assakandary as well as my mother and father in Law Bu Sri Eny and Bapak Mubaidillah along with the big family in Malang. These two big families have provided endless supports and prayers to my PhD study. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the first place, I thank Allah SWT (the Almighty God) for His blessings and guidance from all periods of my life including this journey of my PhD study. My deep gratitude goes to my first supervisor Professor Catherine Manathunga (The University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia) and my second supervisor Dr. Gillian Hubbard (Victoria University of Wellington [VUW]) for their endless love, commitment and supervision during the study. My first supervisor has introduced me to poststructural, postcolonial thoughts and interdisciplinary studies. These thoughts and studies have remarkably shaped the way I see knowledge and knowledge production as well as to appreciate and be proud of the ‘marginalized’ knowledge in my own culture. My second supervisor always provided me with critical questions during the process of completing the thesis and these help me to strengthen position and build ‘a line of argument’. I would also thank to my third supervisor Dr. Judith Loveridge (VUW) who has provided clear directions, feedback, guidance and encouragement for the completion of this thesis in the last six months. I would also thank to examiners whose challenges, questions and clarifications have been critical in improving the quality of my thesis. I also deeply thank to New Zealand ASEAN Scholars (NZ-Aid) under Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) of the New Zealand Government for granting me the prestigious scholarship without which my rewarding and enlightening experiences during my PhD would not have been possible. I also thank to Victoria Doctoral Submission Scholarship which has funded my study for the last three months and the university I work in, Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Indonesian government which granted permission to do this PhD study. My study would not have been completed without the supports of my respondents who generously shared their understanding about the core aspects of the courses they taught. Thus, I shall thank to them for this generosity. Furthermore, I also thank the proof-reader of my thesis, Robyn Kenealy in Wellington, who provided some suggestions for the improvement of my thesis in addition to language related issues. iv I also thank to VUW for providing funding to present my PhD proposal at Malaysia International Conference in English Language Teaching 2014, preliminary findings at Centre for English Language Communication Symposium 2016 at National University of Singapore and at the Applied Linguistics of Associations of New Zealand 2016 at Massey University, New Zealand. My thanks also go to all staffs and all PhD students at Faculty of Education who have helped and supported me study in different ways. I also like to thank the Indonesian Embassy Wellington, Indonesian Moslem Society (UMI), Overseas Branch of Nahdlatul ‘Ulama Australia - New Zealand, Indonesian Student Assosiation (PPIW) and the Big Family of Indonesian Society (KAMASI) which enriched my life experiences through different encounters. v List Figure Figure 2.1.: The Diagram and the Rationale of using Interdisciplinary Theories ................ 19 List of Tables Table 1: ELT Curriculum Development for Secondary Schools ............................................ 5 Table 2: The Characteristic of Lecturers .............................................................................. 90 Table 3: The Policy and Curriculum Documents Analysed .................................................. 91 Table 4: The Number of Times of Interviews and Observation for Each Respondent ........ 99 vi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AG Academic Guidance AW Argumentative Writing CBI Content-Based Instruction CBLT Competency-Based Language Teaching CCU Cross Cultural Understanding CLIL Content Language Integrated Learning CLT Communicative Language Teaching EFL English as a Foreign Language EIL English as an International Language ELF English as a Lingua Franca ELT English Language Teaching FDA Foucauldian Discourse Analysis II Initial Interview IU Islamic University JFL Junior Female Lecturer KARDS Knowing, Analysing, Recognising, Doing and Seeing MRU Multi Religious University vii PMP Post Method Pedagogy RI Republic of Indonesia SFL Senior Female Lecturer SML Senior Male Lecturer SRI Stimulated Recall Interview TEGCOM Teaching English as Glocalised Communication TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages WE World Englishes viii TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT i-ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv-v LIST OF FIGURE vi LIST OF TABLE vi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS vii-viii CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1.0. Introduction to the Study ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. The Historical and Socio-political Context of ELT in Indonesia ..................................... 2 1.2. The Multicultural and Multilingual Context of Indonesia............................................. 8 1.3. ELT in Higher Education: Policy and Practices .............................................................. 9 1.4. Rationale for the Study ................................................................................................. 11 1.5. Research Question ........................................................................................................ 15 1.6. My Subject Position ...................................................................................................... 15 1.7. Overview of Thesis Chapters ........................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER TWO: Theoretical Paradigms 2.0. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 18 2.1. Foucauldian Discourse Analysis .................................................................................... 20 2.2. The Formation of Key Regimes of Truth ....................................................................... 21 2.2.1. Neoliberal Discourses ....................................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Western Discourses of Knowledge in Social Sciences and ELT ........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Testing Political Islam's Economic Advantage
    Testing Political Islam’s Economic Advantage: The Case of Indonesia Thomas B. Pepinsky R. William Liddle Saiful Mujani Department of Government Department of Political Science Lembaga Survei Indonesia Cornell University Ohio State University Jl. Lembang Terusan No. D57 322 White Hall 2038 Derby Hall Menteng, Jakarta Pusat 10310 Ithaca, NY 14853 154 N. Oval Mall Indonesia Columbus, OH 43210 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Across the Muslim world, Islamic political parties and social organizations have capitalized upon economic grievances to gain political support. But existing research has been unable to disentangle the role of Islamic party ideology from programmatic economic appeals and social services in explaining these parties’ popular support. We argue that contrary to widely accepted beliefs, Islamic party platforms play no direct role in explaining aggregate political support for Islamic parties. Rather, Islamic platforms provide voters with information that serves as a cue to attract citizens who are uncertain about parties’ economic policies. Using experiments embedded in an original nationwide survey in Indonesia, we find that Islamic parties are systematically more popular than otherwise identical non-Islamic parties only under cases of economic policy uncertainty. When respondents know economic policy platforms, Islamic parties never have an advantage over non-Islamic parties. Our findings demonstrate that political Islam’s economic advantage is real, but critically circumscribed by parties’ economic platforms and voters’ knowledge of them. FIRST VERSION: March 6, 2009 THIS VERSION: March 23, 2009 Testing Political Islam’s Economic Advantage: The Case of Indonesia* 1. Introduction This paper investigates the effects of religious and economic appeals on popular support for Muslim political parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Seaweed Farming and Artisanal Fisheries in an Indonesian Seagrass Bed – Complementary Or Competitive Usages?
    Seaweed farming and artisanal fisheries in an Indonesian seagrass bed – Complementary or competitive usages? Sven Uli Blankenhorn Vorgelegt im Fachbereich 2 (Biologie/Chemie) der Universität Bremen als Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research Wadden Sea Station Sylt Seaweed farming and artisanal fisheries in an Indonesian seagrass bed – Complementary or competitive usages? submitted by Sven Uli Blankenhorn in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.) Faculty 2 Biology / Chemistry University Bremen June 2007 Gutachter der Dissertation: Prof. Dr. W. Arntz, AWI Bremerhaven / Universität Bremen Dr. H. Asmus, AWI Wattenmeerstation Sylt Tag des öffentlichen Kolloquiums: 13.07.2007 SPICE – Science for the Protection of Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems This thesis is part of the SPICE (Science for the Protection of Indonesian Coastal Ecosys- tems) program, Cluster 1: Coral Reef Based Ecosystems, founded by the BmB+F (German federal ministry for education and research). Additional funding was provided by the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service). „Kalau tidak ada rumput laut Puntondo mati.” “Without seaweed Puntondo would be dead.” Daeng Laga, village chief of Puntondo previous page: Satellite image of the western part of Laikang Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Puntondo on the small peninsula extending into the bay. Source: GoogleEarth Disclaimer Herewith I assure that I wrote this thesis independently and that I did not use any additional help except to the extend and the manner stated. References are cited in compliance with guidelines on safeguarding good scientific practice. Bremen, June 4th 2007 Sven Blankenhorn CONTENTS Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Food Balance Sheets Available on the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database Website [23]
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Are Household Expenditures on Food Groups Associated with Children’s Future Heights in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam? 1, 2 3 4 Sarah E. Weingarten y , Kirk A. Dearden , Benjamin T. Crookston , Mary E. Penny , Jere R. Behrman 5 and Debbie L. Humphries 1,* 1 Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; [email protected] 2 IMA World Health, Washington, DC 20036, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; [email protected] 4 Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina 15024, Peru; [email protected] 5 Departments of Economics and Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Current affiliation: CVS Health, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA. y Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 24 June 2020; Published: 1 July 2020 Abstract: Household expenditure surveys, routinely conducted in low—and middle-income countries (LMICs), usually include questions pertaining to recent household expenditures on key food groups. When child anthropometrics are also available, such expenditure data can provide insights into household food purchasing patterns that are associated with subsequent child growth measures. We used data from 6993 children, born around 2001, from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, from the Young Lives younger cohort. We compared associations between two weeks of household food expenditures (in PPP—Purchasing Power Parity adjusted dollars) on food groups and child height-for-age-Z score (HAZ) at subsequent time points to assess longitudinal associations.
    [Show full text]
  • Land- ​ En Volkenkunde
    Music of the Baduy People of Western Java Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal- , Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte (kitlv, Leiden) Henk Schulte Nordholt (kitlv, Leiden) Editorial Board Michael Laffan (Princeton University) Adrian Vickers (The University of Sydney) Anna Tsing (University of California Santa Cruz) volume 313 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ vki Music of the Baduy People of Western Java Singing is a Medicine By Wim van Zanten LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY- NC- ND 4.0 license, which permits any non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https:// creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by- nc- nd/ 4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: Front: angklung players in Kadujangkung, Kanékés village, 15 October 1992. Back: players of gongs and xylophone in keromong ensemble at circumcision festivities in Cicakal Leuwi Buleud, Kanékés, 5 July 2016. Translations from Indonesian, Sundanese, Dutch, French and German were made by the author, unless stated otherwise. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2020045251 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and Reefs; 2003
    POVERTY AND REEFS VOLUME 1 A GLOBAL OVERVIEW IMM Ltd Emma Whittingham, Jock Campbell and Philip Townsley IMM Ltd Innovation Centre Rennes Drive Exeter University Campus Exeter EX4 4RN IMM Ltd United Kingdom http://www.ex.ac.uk/imm DFID Department for International Development 1 Palace Street London SW1E 5HE United Kingdom http://www.dfid.gov.uk/ IOC/UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 1 Rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France http://www.ioc.unesco.org POVERTY AND REEFS VOLUME 1: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW Emma Whittingham Jock Campbell Philip Townsley i © 2003 IMM Ltd, Exeter, UK Typeset by Exe Valley Dataset Ltd, Exeter, UK Project Management by Swales & Willis, Exeter, UK Printed in France. Reference number: IOC/UNESCO/INF-1188, Poverty and Reefs, Volume 1: Global Overview, Volume 2: Case Studies. 260pp. Citation: “Whittingham, E., Campbell, J. and Townsley, P. (2003). Poverty and Reefs, DFID–IMM–IOC/UNESCO, 260pp.” Printed and distributed free by: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 1, Rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, France. Tel: +33 1 45 68 10 10, Fax: +33 1 45 68 58 12 Website: http://ioc.unesco.org, Email: [email protected] DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of UNESCO and IOC concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the elimination of the frontiers of any country or territory. This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2012 Mia Siscawati
    ©Copyright 2012 Mia Siscawati Social Movements and Scientific Forestry: Examining the Community Forestry Movement in Indonesia Mia Siscawati A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2012 Reading Committee: Celia Lowe, Chair Peter Lape Nancy L. Peluso Laurie Sears Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology University of Washington Abstract Social Movements and Scientific Forestry: Examining the Community Forestry Movement in Indonesia Mia Siscawati Chair of Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Celia Lowe Department of Anthropology This dissertation examines the cultural aspects of collaboration between social movements and forestry science in the community forestry movement in Indonesia. This movement has served as a response to the application of industrial scientific forestry. This approach has been one of the main tools of state control over land and forest resources in post- colonial Indonesia, particularly since the beginning of the New Order era inaugurated by the military coup of General Suharto in 1966. Indonesian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) responded to this problem with intensive campaigns against state forest policies and the destructive logging practices and began to promote community forestry focused on issues of land tenure and resource rights as an alternative to industrial scientific forestry. One of the groups involved in the community forestry movement in Indonesia has been the progressive academic forestry scholars. Participation of these scholars marked a critical point since, in general, academics have been associated with the ruling regime, and many of them were involved in the development of the forestry paradigms that lead to deforestation and its resultant social problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of Financial Reforms in Developing Countries
    ORIGINS OF FINANCIAL REFORMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES By Sawa Omori BS, Tottori University, 1986 MS, Tottori University, 1988 BA, International Christian University, 1998 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2003 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of Pittsburgh 2007 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Sawa Omori It was defended on August 28, 2007 and approved by Robert Walters, Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science Anibal Pérez-Liñán, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science Siddharth Chandra, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs Co-Dissertation Advisor: David Bearce, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science Co-Dissertation Advisor: Mark Hallerberg, Professor, Hertie School of Governance ii Copyright © by Sawa Omori 2007 iii ORIGINS OF FINANCIAL REFORMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Sawa Omori, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2007 This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dimensions of financial reforms in developing countries. The magnitude of financial reforms refers to the degree a country engages in a larger scale of financial reforms at one time, while the pace of financial reforms refers to the degree to which a country speeds up financial reforms. I argue that the IMF conditionality programs play a role in facilitating a larger magnitude of financial reforms and in speeding up the pace of each of the six dimensions of financial reforms. However, these IMF effects are conditioned by the number of veto players; namely, as the number of veto players increases, these IMF effects tend to decrease.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Locally Accomodative Energy Policy
    digitales archiv ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Saptomo, Ade Article Social governance and production transformation management system in mining industry in Indonesia : toward a locally accomodative energy policy Provided in Cooperation with: International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (IJEEP) This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11159/4942 Kontakt/Contact ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft/Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Düsternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) E-Mail: [email protected] https://www.zbw.eu/econis-archiv/ Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieses Dokument darf zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken This document may be saved and copied for your personal und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy it for public or dürfen dieses Dokument nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. If oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern für das Dokument eine Open- the document is made available under a Creative Commons Content-Lizenz verwendet wurde, so gelten abweichend von diesen Licence you may exercise further usage rights as specified in Nutzungsbedingungen die in der Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. the licence. Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft zbw Leibniz Information Centre for Economics International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ISSN: 2146-4553 available at http: www.econjournals.com International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019, 9(3), 115-120. Social Governance and Production Transformation Management System in Mining Industry in Indonesia: Toward a Locally Accomodative Energy Policy Ade Saptomo* Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Indians and National Television in Indonesia: Behind the Seen
    Indians and National Television in Indonesia: Behind the Seen by Maria Myutel, MA August 2016 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University School of Culture, History and Language College of Asia and the Pacific © Copyright by Maria Myutel 2016 All Rights Reserved I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary institution. ………………………………………. Maria Myutel Acknowledgements This thesis would have not been possible without help and support from a lot of people. In this part of my writing I allow myself to follow a chronological order, or "order of appearance", as in film credit titles. First, is, of course, my Chair supervisor, Professor Ariel Heryanto, who believed in the importance of my research since our first meeting in Jakarta in 2011 and who supported me all the way through. I am enormously grateful to Ariel for giving me freedom to question, explore, challenge and argue. I am deeply thankful for the Endeavour Postgraduate Awards that generously sponsored my research and made our life in Australia a wonderful experience. My special thanks goes to my best friends, Annushka, who always saw the best in me, and Rachel Routley who helped me and my family in so many different ways, from encouraging me to apply for a PhD degree to picking us up from the airport when we first landed in Canberra. I am deeply grateful to Professor Brij Lal and Professor Tessa Morris-Suzuki for their warm welcome, and gentle and sincere support, especially during the first and last years of my PhD.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
    INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT A Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2003 World map of internal displacement Countries affected by internal displacement Internal Displacement: A Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2003 Geneva, February 2004 The Global IDP Project The Global IDP Project, established by the Norwegian Refugee Council at the request of the United Nations, monitors conflict-induced internal displacement worldwide. The Geneva-based Project runs an online database providing comprehensive and regularly up- dated information and analysis on internal displacement in over 50 countries. This global and regional overview is based on country profiles featured by the database. For more in-depth country information and analysis, please visit the online database at www.idpproject.org Cover photo: A family internally displaced by ethnic violence in Katanga, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, April 2003 (photo by Greta Zeender, Global IDP Project) Inside cover: World map of internal displacement 2003 Cover design by Damla Süar, Geneva, [email protected] Printed by Nove Impression et Conseil, Route de Champ-Colin 2, 1260 Nyon Published by the Global IDP Project Norwegian Refugee Council 59, Moïse-Duboule 1209 Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 799 07 00 www.idpproject.org Contents Global Trends and Developments………………………………………………………. 4 Regional Overviews Africa………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Americas…………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Asia-Pacific………………………………………………………………………………... 20 Europe……………………………………………………………………………………... 26 Middle East………………………………………………………………………………... 30 Global Trends and Developments With nearly 25 million people uprooted address the needs of IDPs; nearly a third of within their own country by conflicts and IDPs are fully or partially ignored by the human rights violations*, internal displace- UN. The UN system has yet to create the ment is one of the great human tragedies of capacity needed for the effective coordina- our time.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
    CONTENTS No 89 Inquiry into with Organisation: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Contact Person; Ms Jennifer Rawson First Assistant Secretary South and South-East Asia Division The RG Casey Building John McEwen Cr BARTON ACT 0221 AND ATTACHMENTS Boxes Indonesia's Major Political Parties 4 The Indonesian Legislatures 6 Decentralisation Laws 7 Impact of Bali on Australia's relationship with Indonesia 16 Status of Indonesia's IMF Program 20 Graphs Indonesia: Real GDP Growth 19 Australia's Trade with Indonesia 22 Attachments A "Mutual Cooperation" Cabinet B Australia-Indonesia Ministerial Visits and Contacts C Indonesia Fact Sheet D Australia's Trade with Indonesia E Joint Ministerial Statement on the Conference on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing, 13 December 2002 F Memorandum of Understanding on Combating International Terrorism G Joint Communique on the occasion of the visit of Prime Minister Howard to Indonesia, 13 August 2001 H Australia-Indonesia Ministerial Forum and Australia-Indonesia Development Area Ministerial Meeting, 7-8 December 2000 I Joint Media Release: Australia-Indonesia Ministerial Forum and Australia- Indonesia Development Area Ministerial Meeting, 7-8 December 2000 J Map of Maritime Boundaries INTRODUCTION Australia and Indonesia are nations with different histories, traditions and cultures. But geography makes us neighbours, with strong common interests in each other's well being and in the stability and prosperity of our region. We contribute to a stable strategic environment for each other, including in addressing a range of non-traditional threats to security. Our economies provide important markets for each other's exporters and complementary capacities delivering opportunities in third markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Music of the Baduy People of Western Java: Singing Is a Medicine
    chapter 2 Social Organization and Economic Situation This chapter supplies an overview of the socio- economic situation of the Baduy, which may make it easier to understand the situation in which they play their music. The Baduy have a long history. This oral history is reflected in their stories and song texts. It goes back to the Hindu kingdoms in West Java, that is, the period before the end of the 16th century. Some of the documented history can be found in the Old Sundanese manuscripts. The history in printed books and documents covers only two centuries. An important milestone is a document of around 1800, in which the sultan of Demak describes the borders of Kanékés village (see Appendix 1). As from 1822 Dutch and other European visitors reported in writing about the Baduy and mentioned that this commu- nity numbered a few hundred people. This number is said to have increased to about fifteen hundred in 1930 and to around twelve thousand in 2016. Since the 1970s an increasing number of Baduy families migrated, as part of a gov- ernmental project or on their own initiative, mainly because of the shortage of farming land in Kanékés. A few hamlets outside Kanékés (so- called dangka hamlets) have played an important role in the delineation of the Baduy community from the other groups in Banten. The Baduy leaders do not have jurisdiction in most of these hamlets, as they are located outside Kanékés. For several soci0-political and religious reasons explained below the Baduy gradually abandoned most dang- ka hamlets since the 1940s and returned to Kanékés.
    [Show full text]