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Commercial Seal Hunting: the EU and the Fight to Protect Seals 2 Introduction

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Commercial Seal Hunting: the EU and the Fight to Protect Seals 2 Introduction Commercial Seal Hunting: The EU and the Fight to Protect Seals 2 Introduction The slaughter of baby harp seals was one of seals killed in Canada skyrocketed, once the first animal welfare issues to captivate again raising concerns over this inhumane, the world, as images of white seal pups unethical hunt – and reactivating the outcry being clubbed to death on the ice for their fur against it. circled the globe through television and print. In 2009 the EU showed leadership once again, Concerned Europeans, appalled at the cruelty protecting animal welfare and the values of EU and senselessness of this slaughter, raised citizens by banning seal products outright. The their voices in protest. In 1983, Europe took a EU bans have been instrumental in reducing lead role in ending this cruelty by banning the markets for seal products, and commercial seal import and sale of whitecoat seal products. hunting is now an industry in decline. The 1983 Directivei was immensely successful Today, the hunt offers only seasonal, in reducing the number of seals killed and it part-time employment for a few hundred seemed like an end was in sight. But in the individuals in Atlantic Canada. Most efforts late 1990s, Canada circumvented the ban to market seal products other than fur and oil and began killing slightly older seal pups and have failed, resulting in a hunt that continues marketing their silvery pelts. to be incredibly wasteful. Tens of millions of With the help of generous government dollars in government subsidies have failed to subsidies in the late 1990s, the number of create a viable industry in Canada. IN 1969, IFAW FIRST BEGAN TO CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE CRUEL SLAUGHTER OF SEALS. WE CONTINUE THAT FIGHT TODAY AND – THANKS TO THE OUTCRY OF A CONCERNED GLOBAL CITIZENRY – THE END MAY FINALLY BE IN SIGHT FOR THIS CRUEL, UNNECESSARY AND OUTDATED PRACTICE. 3 A Brief History Harp seals have been commercially Faced with the prospect of further Looking at the recent history of Canada’s hunted in Atlantic Canada since the repercussions to its fishing industry, commercial seal hunt, it is clear that 1600s. Seals were originally killed for Canada finally ended the commercial trade bans have been highly effective their blubber, which was made into hunting of whitecoat seals in 1987. in reducing the numbers of seals killed, oil and exported to Europe to be used and that Canadian government subsidies for heating and light, and later as an Canada’s commercial seal hunt would have been instrumental in keeping the industrial lubricant and cooking oil. have effectively ended there were it seal hunt alive. With the advance of technology, the not for political intervention in the late need for seal and whale oil diminished. 1990s. Following the collapse of the In the 1950s, Norwegian technology Atlantic cod stocks and subsequent THE COMMERCIAL enabled seal pelts to be tanned on an fishery moratorium in 1992, Canadian SEAL HUNT TAKES industrial scale, and the industry shifted politicians were desperate for someone to hunting seals for their fur, to be made – or something – to blame, and seals PLACE ON THE EAST into luxury fashion items like coats, were an easy scapegoat. COAST OF CANADA, handbags, and boots. OFF THE COAST OF In the 1960s, images from the hunt NEWFOUNDLAND began to reach the masses, and AND LABRADOR widespread concern over killing and – when ice conditions are methods brought Canada’s commercial suitable for breeding – in the Gulf seal hunt international media attention. of St. Lawrence. In recent years, the Public outcry prompted a European ban commercial hunting of harp seals on products from whitecoat seal pups in Canada has been permitted year (nursing harp seal pups between 1-14 round, aside from a brief closure days old), effectively removing a large during the whelping period. market for Canadian seal products. CANADA’S COMMERCIAL 36 out of 50 Industrial Tanning Begins United States SEAL HUNT Wooden Steamers Lost Norwegian technology enabled Bans Marine 72% of the first generation the industrial processing of seal Mammal Products of steamers were sunk, pelts. As demand for blubber The US Government Historical Timeline most crushed by the ice. dropped, seal pelts began to passes the replace it as a commodity. Seal Population is Cut Marine Mammal Largest Seal Hunt Seal Hunt Begins in Half Protection Act, on Record to Dwindle Drs. Dean Fisher and making importation 370 boats, An average of 161,000 seals David Sergeant warn of of whale and 13,600 men, are landed each year, with catastrophic decline in seal products illegal. 500,000 seals landed, fewer than ten ships, and numbers of harp seals in valued at £425,000. around 1500 men participating. the Northwest Atlantic. The Great Newfoundland Norwegians Disaster, and the sinking of the Begin Sealing off First Seal Quotas Catches Begin to Drop Newfoundland The increased efficiency of Southern Cross Introduced steam vessels meant that 78 men died on the ice due to lack of a First Scientific Warning Quotas set for The Golden Age the harp seal herd began wireless aboard the SS Newfoundland. of Over-Hunting the first time by of Sealing diminishing. Many blamed Captain Abram Kean for Dr. Dean Fisher writes that the International 18.3 million seals pursuing profit over the well being of restrictions on the hunt are Commission for landed by working men. A further 173 men were needed to keep the seal the Northwest Newfoundland sealers. lost in the sinking of the Southern Cross. population healthy. Atlantic Fisheries. 4 Yukon Northwest Nunavut Newfoundland Terrritories and Labrador British Columbia Alberta Manitoba Quebec Prince Edward Ontario Island Saskatchewan Nova New Scotia Brunswick Commercial sealing areas The 200 Mile Exclusive Canada Bans European Union Bans Seal Economic Zone Proclaimed Hunting of Products Outright Canada claims exclusive access to fish and Whitecoats and Allowing an exemption for wildlife within 200 miles from its territory. Bluebacks Indigenous products, the Hunting the youngest EU bans importation of any Over $50 Million in harp and hooded Canadian Government commercial seal product. Government Support seals is banned by the Subsidizes the Seal Hunt Through subsidies, trade European Commission Bans federal government. Partly to deflect pressure for junkets, loans, and other Products from Young Seals the lack of cod recovery, Brian supports, the federal and Products from whitecoat and Tobin, Minister of Fisheries and provincial government keep blueback seals are banned from Oceans, introduces subsidies to the commercial seal hunt importation into the European Union. the seal industry. afloat despite no markets. Large Vessels Stop Hunting Belgium and Russia, once considered WTO upholds Average number of seals Netherlands ban the largest market for seal EU ban on taken in these years is Cod Stock Collapse import of skins, bans import of harp commercial 36,000. The commercial seal After years of government seal products seal skins. seal products. Government Scientists Call for hunt seems to be finished. mismanagement, the cod 10 Year Moratorium on Seal Hunt fishery off Newfoundland Swiss National With seal populations at record collapses, leaving over Seal Pelt Prices Hit Record Highs Council approves lows, scientists warn that the hunt 35,000 fishermen and fish Pelt prices go over $100, but due to law banning import is unsustainable. plant workers unemployed. oversupply, collapse in subsequent years. of seal products. 5 NUMBER OF ACTIVE SEALERS IN 2006 5594 IN 2014 393* * 2014 Source: ATIP 25 July 2014 1 Source: DFO NL Regional Statistics Fish Landings and Landed Values. 2013-14 source: DFO NL via Access to Information, 25 July 2014 DFO, Personal communication. 2 Source: Fisheries Management Decisions DFO The Hunt Today Veterinarians and animal welfare Even if the regulations were enforced, government’s attempts to access organizations continue to raise concerns they are insufficient to consistently Chinese markets for seal meat have about the cruelty associated with the ensure humane killing. In certain cases failed, as have recent efforts to promote commercial hunting of seals today. it is not required by law for sealers to seal fur as a luxury product. confirm unconsciousness or death prior In reality, the commercial seal hunt is A significant volume of veterinary to skinning a seal, or to ensure that an reports and video documentation economically far less important, and animal is unconscious before proceeding employs far fewer people, than the confirms that despite minor changes to shoot other individuals. Clearly this to the killing regulations, Canada’s government claims. The number of active cannot be considered humane practice. sealers, and the value they earn from commercial seal hunt remains inhumane the seal hunt, has dropped dramatically and inadequately regulated. There is Today, there is a small domestic since 2006. The landed value of the hunt increasing consensus that it may be market for seal products, but almost has also decreased. impossible for commercial seal hunting all attempts to develop a market to ever be made acceptably humane. for products other than fur and oil For the most part, Canadian fishermen have failed. Seal meat is not widely appear to have successfully contended Even as the number of seals being killed consumed in Canada or elsewhere. with the decline in the sealing industry, has declined and pressure to reach Medical research into seal heart valve and many Newfoundlanders have quotas has dropped, carelessness and transplants has been abandoned. After accepted the end of the hunt as a cruelty are routinely observed. Video decades of false promises, Canadian foregone conclusion.ii evidence from recent seal hunts shows sealers hooking live and barking “ ...THERE ARE UNACCEPTABLE (AND UNLAWFUL) THINGS pups through the face with a sharpened steel hook, and seals sliced BEING DONE TO ANIMALS FOR PROFIT IN THIS HUNT.” open whilst conscious and making – Butterworth, A.
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