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Messianic Terminology One New Man Conference A Glossary Of Hebrew Terminology A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z -A- Abraham An ancient Semite called out of ancient Babylon to serve the One God, and become the father of the nation of Israel. Abrahamic Covenant The contract (or "promise") God made with Abraham as recorded in the book of Genesis, in which He promised to make him a great nation and gave him the Land of Israel. See article. Aggadah The narrative material in the Talmud. Anno Mundi Latin for "In the Year of the World." The Jewish year is given in terms of "Anno Mundi," meaning the count is meant to reflect the number of years since the Creation of the World. Anti-Semitism Attitudes and actions directed against the Jewish people. Aravah Willow, one of the Four Species used in the ceremonial celebration of Sukkoth. See article on Sukkoth. Ashkenazi Jewish person of Eastern European descent. See also Sephardi. Atonement Reconciliation with God through the expiation of sin. Hebrew Kapparah. See also Yom Kippur. -B- Beit ha-Mikdash or Beis ha-Mikdah-- A Hebrew term for the Jerusalem Temple. Blackstone Memorial -- A petition resulting from a congress called by William E. Blackstone, and presented to President Benjamin Harrison on March 5, 1891, concerning Jewish persecutions in Russia. Blackstone proposed an international conference with the goal of restoring the land of Palestine to the covenant people Israel "and to promote in all other just and proper ways the alleviation of their suffering condition." The petition has come to be known as the Blackstone Memorial. Click Here to view text Bible Codes Alleged messages hidden in consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible. see article Blackstone, William E. -- 19th century Christian teacher who championed the Zionist cause (he was a Zionist before Hertzl!) and founded the organization, which became known as American Messianic Fellowship and then AMF International. Click Here to View Portrait Book of Life -- Divine ledger in which the names of those who will be granted in life are recorded. See Article on Rosh Hashanah. Born Again -- From the term used by Yeshuah in the third chapter of the New Testament book of John (John 3:3), meaning to receive salvation by trusting in Yeshuah, hence becoming a "new creature" (2 Corinthians 5:17). Brit ha-Hadashah. -- Hebrew for "the New Covenant" a phrase used by the prophet Jeremiah (Jeremiah 31:31). See New Testament. -C- Challah -- see hallah. Christ -- from "Christos," the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew term "Messiah." Both words literally mean "Anointed One" This was the word used in the Septuagint, an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures as prepared by Jewish translators three centuries before the time of Jesus. When early Christians believed they had found their Messiah, they naturally referred to him as "the Christ." When Christians say "Jesus Christ" they are actually saying "Jesus the Messiah." Christian -- According to the New Testament, this term was first used at Antioch to describe the Jewish faction that believed they had found the "Christ" (i.e., Messiah) in Yeshua. Today it means anyone who trusts in "the Christ" (i.e., Yeshua/Jesus) as his Savior. Christian Zionism -- Activism on the part of Christians toward the establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people. (William E. Blackstone, founder of AMF International, is acknowledged by the Encyclopedia Judaica as foremost among the early Christian Zionists.) Church -- 1) an assembly of Christian believers. 2) All Christian believers everywhere. Crusades -- Campaigns on the part of the "Christian" nations of Europe to liberate Palestine from the hands of the Muslims, 1096-1271. The fervor against the "infidel" Muslims easily spread to Anti-Jewish sentiments. Jewish money was confiscated to help defray the expenses of the Crusades. Jewish communities had to buy "protection" from their "Christian" overlords. -D- Diaspora -- (Lit. the scattering of seed) the "scattering" of the Jewish people across the earth. Dispensationalism -- a theological view of Time as held by many evangelicals, which divides the history of Mankind into periods called dispensations, according the ways God related into Man in each period. Dreidl, or Dreidel -- A four-sided top with which games are played at Hanukkah. Click here for more on the dreidel. -E- Elijah's Cup-- A cup with wine, which is poured but not drunk during the Passover Seder, between the third and fourth cups. Eretz Israel -- Hebrew for "the Land of Israel" -- the Promised Land as given to Israel by God. Esther a Jewish girl who became the Queen of Persia and thus had opportunity to overturn a wicked plot to destroy the Jewish people. Also, the book of the Bible by the same name, which describes these events and the establish of the holiday of Purim. Etrog The citron, one of the Four Species used in the ceremonial celebration of Sukkoth. see article on Sukkoth. Evangelical The word "evangelical" comes from the word "euangelion," which means "Good News," or "Gospel.". Briefly stated, an evangelical is a Christian who believes, lives and wants to share the gospel message. -F- Falafel A Middle-Eastern snack made of balls of chick pea mush, which are then deep fried and typically served in a pita with a variety of toppings. Falafel is widely available in Israel and has often been called the "national snack." Four Species Arba'ah minim Four plants used in the ceremonial celebration of Sukkoth, including the lulav (palm branch), etrog (citron), hadas (myrtle) and aravah (willow). Based on Biblical requirement regarding the "Fruit of goodly trees" in Leviticus 23:40.see article on Sukkoth. -G- Gemara (Lit. "Completion") A compilation of rabbinical commentaries on the Mishnah. Written down by A.D. 500. See Also Talmud. Ghetto A portion of a city in which Jews were required to live separately from the general populace. Gospel (Literally "good news," a literal translation of the Greek word "euangelion.") The story of Yeshua who "died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and . was buried and . rose again the third day according to the Scriptures." (I Corinthians 15:3,4) Goy, goyim -- Gentile(s), non-Jews. The plural form "goyim" is used in the Hebrew Bible of "nations" in general. Later came to mean all other nations (besides Israel), and thence to individuals outside the fold of Israel. Grogger -- Traditional noisemaker used at Purim to drown out the name of Haman. -H- Haddas Myrtle, one of the Four Species used in the ceremonial celebration of Sukkoth. See article on Sukkoth. Halakhah -- (lit. "walk") A general term for the proscriptive material in the Talmud. (ie., the parts that tell you what to do as opposed to the story parts). See also Aggadah. Hallah -- a special sweet, braided braid served in pairs of loaves and traditional for the Sabbath. Haman -- the villain in the story of Esther, who plotted the extermination of the Jewish people. Hamantashen -- a traditional three-cornered pastry associated with Purim. Sometimes called "Haman's Hats." In Israel, they are called "Ozney Haman," or "Haman's Ears!" Hamas terrorist group founded in 1987 as an outgrowth of the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. Principal political rival Arafat's Fatah (PLO) organization. Has tens of thousands of Palestinian supporters and sympathizers, but number of hard-core terrorists is unknown. Hanukkah an eight-day holiday commemorating the rededication of the Jewish Temple. See article Har ha-Bayit Hebrew for Hill of the House, i.e, the Temple Mount. Haroset One of the dishes featured in the Passover Seder, typically made wiith apples and nuts, sometimes said to represent the mortar used by the Jewish slaves in Egypt. (See sample Recipe) HaShem "the name"; Hebrew alternative for the divine name. Hasidism Mystical movement in Judaism originating in the Middle Ages. Hebrew 1) The ancient language of the Jewish people, and the modern language of the State of Israel. 2) An Israelite Hebrews A book of the Brit ha-Hadashah, addressed to Jewish believers in Yeshua. Hezbollah an umbrella organization of various radical Shiite groups, formed following the 1982 Peace for Galilee War conducted under Ariel Sharon to force the PLO, a terrorist organization, from Lebanon. The war succeeded only in part. On Israel's departure from Lebanon (under foreign pressure), they maintained, at the request of the south Lebanese, a buffer zone south of the Litani River in Lebanon to protect the panhandle of Israel and the civilian population living there. That buffer zone is still patrolled by the Israeli army and the South Lebanese forces, loyal to Israel. Roadside bombs and other attacks are conducted against the Israeli and South Lebanese forces in this zone. Holocaust (from the Greek term for a burnt offering). The systematic Nazi destruction of European Jewry which began in 1933 when Adolph Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. This tragic event reduced the world's Jewish population by over one third. -I- Inquisition A tribunal once set up by the Roman Catholic Church, intended to weed out heresy from the realms of Christendom. Many Jews lost their homes and livelihoods in this age of intolerance, as did many gentiles who did not confess to the official doctrines of the established Church.. Isaiah 53 A chapter of the Hebrew Bible which many think refers to the Messiah in general and many to Yeshua in particular. Click here to view it on-line in Hebrew and English. -J- Jerusalem -- Hebrew Yerushalayim. The capital of Israel since it was taken from the Jebusites by King David (2 Samuel 5:6-10) Jesus The name of a first century Jew of the Second Temple Period known more fully as Yeshua benYosef ha-Notzri, the adopted son of a carpenter from Nazareth, hailed by his followers as the promised Jewish Messiah and Savior of the World.
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