Rutger Bregman Denkt Gefährlich – Berüchtigt Wurde Der Niederländer, Als Er Der Elite Von Davos Die Party Verdarb

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Rutger Bregman Denkt Gefährlich – Berüchtigt Wurde Der Niederländer, Als Er Der Elite Von Davos Die Party Verdarb POLITIK ROHLEDERS ABC Per Anhalter durch die Geschichte Er fordert das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen und wirbt in seinem neuen Buch für ein besseres Menschenbild: Der Histo- riker Rutger Bregman denkt gefährlich – berüchtigt wurde der Niederländer, als er der Elite von Davos die Party verdarb TEXT VON JÖRG HARLAN ROHLEDER FOTOS: HILDE HARSHAGEN ür einen Mann, der mit seinen rauf verwende, mit genau diesem Narrativ Thesen das Internet erschüt- und den einschlägigen Mythen aufzuräu- tert, macht Rutger Bregman men. Vielleicht ist der Mensch nicht nur des an diesem Montagnachmittag Menschen Wolf, sondern ein selbstsüchtiges in Amsterdam einen erstaun- Arschloch. Das werde ich so nicht akzep- lich ruhigen Eindruck. Er be- tieren, auch wenn es ganz lustig wäre, stellt einen Kaffee. Mit Milch, das als Ausrede abschließend festzustel- aber ohne Zucker. Es ist jetzt 13 Monate len (lacht). Nein, ich möchte, werde und Fher, dass Bregman mit seiner Wutrede kann mich nicht damit abfinden, dass das beim Weltwirtschaftsforum in Davos zum Narrativ unserer Zeit lautet: „Survival of beliebtesten Kapitalismuskritiker auf You- the Fittest“ – aus der Sicht eines Histo- Tube wurde. Der Clip wurde millionen- rikers ist das Bullshit! Für Tausende von fach geteilt – am Ende sah man selbst Jahren galt das Prinzip: „Survival of the den Medien-Milliardär Rupert Murdoch Friendliest“. Doch unser heutiges System beim Sommerurlaub in Bregmans letztem fokussiert ein anderes Welt- und Men- Bestseller blättern. Sein neues Buch heißt schenbild, und dies unfassbar erfolgreich. „Im Grunde gut“, es ist Bregmans Streit- Egal, was man von Donald Trump hält: schrift für ein positives Menschenbild. In einer frühgeschichtlichen Gesellschaft wäre ein Mann seines Charakters nie- A wie Agenda mals an der Spitze der Ordnung gelandet, Die Botschaft Ihres neuen Buches: Wir brauchen vollkommen abwegig. Warum? Trump hat einen neuen Realismus … und der beginnt „Survival of the Shameless“ als Leitmo- mit einem neuen Menschenbild, einem tiv der Präsidentschaft ausgerufen – und positiven, wohlgemerkt, ganz wichtig. zieht das durchaus erfolgreich durch. An Warum? Gerade in westlichen Kultu- ihm kann man studieren, welch gefährli- ren hat eine tief in uns verankerte Idee che Droge Macht tatsächlich darstellt. Sie Im Grunde gut! unser Selbstverständnis geprägt – und schreiben, dass Mächtige nicht mehr erröten. Rutger Bregman plädiert für diese lautet: Der Mensch ist nicht gut, er Interessante Beobachtung. Ziemlich ver- einen neuen Realismus. Foto- ist egoistisch, er wird im tiefsten Inneren rückt, aber wahr. Leider gibt es dafür noch grafiert wurde der Historiker von dunklen Impulsen geleitet, und alles, keine abschließende Erklärung. Bei Trump Ende Februar dieses Jahres was uns davor bewahrt, ist eine dünne, ist das sichtbar. Weil er so orange ist? an der Bar des Amsterdamer zerbrechliche Schicht namens Zivilisa- B wie Bregman „Café Mads“. Bregman, 31, ist tion, ohne die wir zurück in die Barbarei Autor des Bestsellers „Utopia verfallen würden. Die klassische Furnier- Wie müssen wir uns die Kindheit von Rutger für Realisten“. Sein neues theorie also … laut der tief in uns nicht die gute Bregman vorstellen? Die ersten Jahre wuchs Buch heißt „Im Grunde gut“ Seele, sondern das Biest schlummert. Genau. ich im Süden des Landes auf, danach in Wobei ich etliche Seiten des Buches da- einer niederländischen Vorstadt. Was 46 FOCUS 12/2020 47 POLITIK ROHLEDERS ABC haben Ihre Eltern beruflich gemacht?Die Mut- besonderer Treppenwitz der Geschichte. reichen Eliten und mächtigsten Firmen, die und auch die Solarmodule auf meinem die Arbeit von Staatsbediensteten, Kran- ter ist Lehrerin, der Vater protestantischer Mein anderes C wäre Capitalism gewesen. Oha allesamt zu wenig oder gar keine Steuern zah- Dach geworden sind. Danke, Deutsch- kenschwestern, Lehrern und Polizisten, Pfarrer. Bevor Sie fragen: Ja, sehr behü- (lacht). Laut einer neuen Studie halten 55 Pro- len, ging viral wie kein Politik-Video zuvor. Was land! Aber im Ernst: Wenn Deutschland keinen Unterschied macht. Im deutschen tet! Wo soll die Reise hingehen? Sehen Sie sich zent der Deutschen Kapitalismus eher für hin- ich nicht einmal mitbekommen habe: Ehr- es geschickt anstellt, wird aus der Ener- Verteidigungsministerium scheint es mehr eher als Teil oder als Gesicht einer neuen Bewe- derlich als hilfreich. Und hier kommen wir lich gesagt war ich vor allem angewidert giewende meines Erachtens ein neues, Berater als Sitzplätze zu geben. Wir haben gung? Definitiv als Teil einer Bewegung: zu einem Kernproblem unserer Zeit: Die von der ganzen Veranstaltung dort in grünes Wirtschaftswunder entstehen. Es es offenkundig mit einem gravierenden, Die Ideen, über die ich schreibe, also Grund- Leute wissen zwar, was sie ablehnen, aber den Bergen, davon, dass alle brav über müssen nur alle gemeinsam wollen, als tief strukturellen Problem unserer gegen- einkommen, ein neues, progressives Ver- können nicht formulieren, was sie statt- Klimaschutz, Feminismus, Demokratie, Kollektiv … und uns nicht von den Mecker- wärtigen Form des Kapitalismus zu tun. ständnis von Arbeit, ein positives Menschen- dessen wollen. Fest steht: Wir müssen das Menschenrechte und Gleichberechtigung bürgern auf Facebook irremachen lassen. Und die Lösung? Eine Lösung dafür könnte bild, liegen in der Luft. Dass mein Video Biest Kapitalismus zähmen. Und: Es man- faseln – nur um dann heimzufliegen, um Ganz genau. das Grundeinkommen sein – dann müss- aus Davos viral ging und ein Millionen- gelt nicht an Ideen, sondern an den pas- mit ihren korrupten Geschäftsmodellen te niemand mehr Bullshit-Jobs machen. publikum erreichte, war kaum mein Ver- senden Narrativen. Menschen leben nicht noch mehr Dreck über der Welt auszukip- F wie Fifteen Hours of Work Zumal gerade vermeldet wurde, dass ein Viertel dienst, vielmehr die richtige Botschaft in Statistiken, sondern in Erzählungen. pen und Jahr um Jahr noch weniger Steu- In Ihrem letzten Bestseller plädieren Sie für der Deutschen keine Lust auf ihren Job haben. zur richtigen Zeit. Der Zeitgeist ändert Denken Sie mal daran, welch drastisch ern zu zahlen, also keine gesellschaftliche eine 15-Stunden-Woche … Was keine neue All das spricht doch eine eindeutige Spra- sich, wir erleben eine Zeitenwende. Mein höheren Zuspruch das Thema Klimawan- Verantwortung dafür zu übernehmen. Der Idee ist: Schon John Maynard Keynes che: Es ist Zeit, etwas Neues zu wagen! Vater würde sagen: Der Kerl ist ehemalige Finanzchef von Yahoo und andere Ökonomen gingen im letzten Das Heil in der Zivilisation Kommunist! Mich interessie- und Sie werden jedenfalls keine Jahrhundert fest davon aus, dass wir die- Die Staatstheorie von Thomas Hobbes (1588– G wie Gustave Le Bon ren Etiketten nicht, denn ich Freunde mehr. Da dürften Sie se auch bis 2030 aufgrund der fortschrei- 1679) postuliert den starken, ja autoritären Staat Monsieur Le Bon war einer der einflussreichs- wurde im Jahr vor dem Mau- Recht behalten, der war rich- tenden Automatisierung erreichen wer- ten Psychologen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. erfall geboren. Wenn mir also tig sauer – aber ich halt auch! den. Bis in die Siebziger waren wir auch Und alle haben ihn verschlungen: ob Hit- jemand aufgrund meiner Aus- Interessanterweise kam nach auf Kurs, das Arbeitspensum nahm konti- ler, Stalin, Mussolini oder Churchill. Sei- sage, die Welt bedürfe höhe- dem Vortrag eigentlich nie- nuierlich ab, doch dann stolperten wir. ner Theorie nach versinkt die Menschheit rer, vor allem aber gerechte- mand zu mir oder sprach mich Warum? Wir kaufen immer mehr Zeugs, zwangsläufig in Panik und Chaos, so- rer Steuern, vorwirft, das sei an. Wirklich nicht? Nein. Und das wir nicht brauchen, um Leute zu be- » bald ihr eine Katastrophe widerfährt. kommunistische Rhetorik, da ich ohnehin den nächsten eindrucken, die wir nicht mögen. Hinzu Wer auf seine Totaler Schwachsinn: Wenn die Einschlä- kann ich nur müde abwinken: Zug bekommen wollte, bin kam, dass der Kapitalismus immer mehr ge näher kommen, neigt der Mensch zu Whatever! ich auch gleich los. Und dann Bullshit-Jobs hervorbrachte: Tausende mentale Gesundheit großer Menschlichkeit und Altruismus. drehte das Internet durch. Nicht von Beratern schreiben täglich Berichte, Wert legt, sollte sich So geschehen etwa in den Bombennächten von C wie Corona sofort. Als ich in Amsterdam die niemand liest oder braucht. All die Dresden … Genau wie in Zeiten des deut- Das Virus aus der Perspektive aus dem Zug stieg, checkte E-Mails, die grundlos verschickt werden, besser bei Twitter schen Blitzkriegs, nach den Anschlägen des Historikers: Sollten wir uns ich Twitter, aber da lief noch die niemanden weiterbringen und nur abmelden! von 9/11 oder nach Hurrikan „Katrina“ in noch sorgen – oder ist schon sehr wenig. Richtig geknallt Geld, Zeit und Energie verschwenden. New Orleans: Im Angesicht echter Katas- Panik angebracht? Dazu kann hat es, als eine amerikani- Einfach nur als Beschäftigungssimula- trophen wird der Mensch nicht zum Biest. ich kaum etwas sagen, denn sche Nachrichtenseite das tion. Stellen Sie sich mal vor, was mög- « Wir sind nicht böse, auch wenn es im Viren und Seuchen gehören Video am folgenden Montag lich wäre, wenn diese Menschen sinn- Interesse manch Mächtiger und deren nicht in mein Fachgebiet. postete. Wurden Sie dieses Jahr vollere Tätigkeiten ausüben würden, die medialer Sprachrohre liegen mag, uns Allerdings dürfte es sich auch im Im Gespräch Rutger Bregman und Redakteur Rohleder, Amsterdam, 2020 eigentlich wieder nach Davos ein- ihnen Spaß bereiten und womöglich der
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