District Profile Pali, Rajasthan

Pali District has an area of 12,387 km². The district lies between 24° 45' and 26° 29' north latitudes and 72°47' and 74°18' east longitudes. The Great Aravali hills link Pali district with Ajmer, Rajsamand, Udaipur and Sirohi Districts. The district has 10 blocks, as recorded in 2014—Jaitaran, Raipur, Sojat, Rohat, Pali, Marwar Junction, Desuri, Sumerpur and Bali.

DEMOGRAPHY As per Census 2011, the total population of Pali is 2037573. The percentage of urban population in Pali is 22.6 percent. Out of the total population there are 1025422 males and 1012151 females in the district. This gives a sex ratio of 987 females per 1000 males. The decadal growth rate of population in Rajasthan is 21.31 percent, while Pali reports a 11.94 percent of decadal increase in the population. The district population density is 164 in 2011. The Scheduled Caste popula-

tion in the district is 19.53 percent while Scheduled Tribe comprises 7.09 percent of the population. LITERACY The overall literacy rate of district is 62.39 percent while the male & female literacy rate is 76.81 and 48.01 percent respectively. At the block level, a con- siderable disparity is noticeable in the male-female literacy rate. Pali block has the highest male literacy rate of 82.56 percent and female literacy rate of 57.09 percent. Similarly, the lowest male and female literacy rate is found in Bali (71.58 percent) and Jaitaran (41.62 percent) blocks respectively.

Source: Census 2011

A significant difference is notable in the literacy rate of rural and urban Pali. Rural Pali has a literacy rate of 58.40 percent while the same in urban areas is 75.84 percent. A closer look at block level data reveals that literacy rate in rural areas lag behind the literacy rate of urban areas. Bali has the lowest literacy rate of 55.13 percent in rural areas. Pali block has 57.78 percent of

Source: Census 2011 rural literacy and 77.49 percent of urban literacy. SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Source: data.gov.in

The chart provides the Gross Domestic Product (in Rs. Crore) for three consecutive years and it appears that GDP of Pali has increased from Rs. 3255 in 2003-04 to Rs. 3307 in 2005-06. The growth rate of GDP in Pali was highest in 2003-04. However in 2004-05, Pali experienced a decline, wherein the growth rate of GDP was –0.10. The growth rate recovered the following year, but it was a meagre 1.71 percent.

The percentage of main workers in the total workforce in Pali is 71.86 percent In terms of work participation rate Work Participation Rate which is significantly more than the State main workers (70.46 percent) as per (WPR) in the district, the male WPR is Census 2011. 51.01 percent whereas for female it is Male Female 31.54 percent. Pali (D) 51.01% 31.54% Among the four categories, Cultivators form about 28.91 percent of all workers while agricultural labourers form another 28.17 percent. The catchall cate- In Sojat percentage of male WPR is Jaitaran 51.50% 38.98% gory ‘Other Workers’ form about 39.82 percent of the entire working popula- the highest (53.14 percent) and fe- Raipur 49.72% 40.41% males WPR is the lowest in Pali block tion of the district. Apart from these, household workers include 3.10 percent (19.27 percent). Sojat 52.44% 33.40% of the total workforce in the district. It includes forms of employment in sec- Rohat 53.14% 41.50% ondary and tertiary sector. The lowest male WPR is in Bali (49.66 percent). In case of female WPR, Ro- Pali 51.93% 19.27% hat is the leading block (41.50 per- Marwar Junc- cent). tion 50.46% 35.80%

Desuri 50.68% 33.53% Sumerpur 49.83% 24.01% Other Workers– 39.82 Bali 49.66% 29.54% Cultivators– Agricultural Household Workers—3.10 percent Source: Census 2011 28.91 percent Labourer– percent 28.17 percent Source: Census 2011 BASIC AMENITIES & HEALTH

As per NFHS IV, in Rajasthan there is just 45.0 percent of household Pali Rajasthan have improved sanitation, while the figure for Pali is slightly more Household (percent) with improved sanitation than the state average, with 50.9 percent of households having im- 50.9 45.0 proved sanitation. Only 40.8 percent of household in Pali and 31.8 Household (percent) with clean fuel for cooking 40.8 31.8 percent of household in state use clean fuel for cooking. Apart from sanitation facility and clean fuel, 80.3 percent households have im- Household (percent) with improved drinking 80.3 85.5 proved drinking water source in Pali. 95.1 percent of household have water source electricity in Pali, while approx. 91.0 percent of household in the Household (percent) with electricity 95.1 91.0 state have access to electricity. Source: NFHS Data, 2015-16

In terms of health facilities, besides a district hospital, there is a network of sub- health centres (SHCS/Sub-HCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Communi- ty Health Centres (CHCs) across the district. CHCs have the highest spread, followed by PHCs and then sub- health centres. Hence, CHCs and PHCs cater to a higher proportion of population than sub- health centres. The Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care sys- tem and the community. There is a PHC for 6 Sub-Centres while CHCs act as a referral unit for 4 PHCs.

Health Facilities Covered Institutional Births

The overall percentage of institutional births recorded in Pali and Rajasthan varies moderately. In Pali, 99.9 percent institutional births are recorded and in No. of Community Health Centre 21 571 the state it is 96.9 percent. However, institutional birth record rate in public healthcare units in Pali is 75.5 percent and it is 76.9 percent in Rajasthan. No. of Primary Health Centre 80 20830 Pali Rajasthan No. of Sub Health Centre 489 14408 Institutional Births Institutional Births (to Total Reported Deliveries) (to Total Reported Deliveries) Pali Rajasthan Source: Rural Health Statistics 2016 (percent) Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Ratio Total— 99.9 Total— 96.9

Pali 54# Pali 222 Institutional Births in Public Institutional Births in Public Facilities (percent) Facilities (percent)

Rajasthan 46* Rajasthan 208 Total— 75.5 Total— 76.9

Source: #AHS 2012-13; *SRS 2016 Source: AHS 2012-13 Source: HMIS 2016-17 EDUCATIONAL STATUS — DISTRICT (Government Schools include schools administered under Central Government, Local Bodies, Tribal and Social Welfare Department and Department of Education)

Pali has 1810 Govt. schools, of which 1809 are till elementary grade. The district has 73 contractual teachers. Out of the total 1810 Govt. schools in Pali, 316 elementary schools have Anganwadi Centres. In other words, total 17.45 percent of government schools have AWCs. In Pali, a typical school has 5.99 teachers on average at elementary to higher secondary grade, while it is approximately 6.0 teachers at the elementary level. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at the elementary level is 17 in Pali, while it is 23 across schools with elementary to higher secondary grades.

Government Schools– Elementary to Hr. Secondary Grade Government Schools– Elementary Grade Only

316 Number of school having AWC* 316 1810 Number of school 1809 253767 Total enrolment (excluding AWC) 187770 Boys enrolment is 1.01 times higher 127358 Boys enrolment 90538 Girls enrolment is 1.07 times higher than girls enrolment 126409 Girls enrolment 97232 than boys enrolment 10836 Total teachers 10823

Contractual teachers 73 73

Male teachers Male teachers are 3.65 times more 8505 8492 Male teachers are 3.64 times more

than female teachers 2331 Female teachers 2331 than female teachers 5.99 Average number of teachers per school 6.0 23 Pupil teacher ratio 17 *Anganwadi Centres Source: DISE, 2016-17

School Facilities As far as provision of infrastructure facilities are concerned, 1781 elementary schools and 1782 all grade schools have school buildings. Library facilities in available in only 1460 all grade government schools of Pali. Out of the total schools, only 1884 all grade government schools have girls toilet . Average Annual Dropout Rate

Data on drop-out rate in Govt. schools in Pali at the Primary level is 6.3. It is seen to increase as one moves across higher grades. It is 27.79 percent at Secondary level. At the Higher Secondary level drop-out rate , however, falls to 11.79 percent. In Pali, boys tend to drop out slightly more than girls, and dropout rate increases as pupils move up the grade ladder. At the Higher Secondary level, dropout rate among boys is 17.39 percent, while the same among girls is as high as 4.24 percent.

4.24% Higher Secondary Higher Secondary 17.39% Average Dropout Rate is seen to steadily increase for both boys and girls across 27.22% Secondary Secondary 28.23% higher grades. Only at the higher second- 3.43% Upper Primary Upper Primary - ary level dropout rate recedes, for both 5.97% Primary Primary 6.67% boys (17.39%) and girls (4.24%).

Source: DISE, 2016-17

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK Blocks No. of schools Total number of Percentage of having AWCs schools schools with Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) AWCs All Schools

Among the 10 blocks of Pali, Rani has the highest percentage of school with Bali 27 236 11.44 AWCs, at 34.91 percent followed by Rohat with 24.62 percent and Sojat with Desuri 23 140 16.43 24.23 percent. On the contrary, Raipur has just 9.51 percent schools with AWCs. Jaitaran 40 215 18.61 Marvar Junction 35 250 14.00 In the entire district, out of 1810 schools, only 316 schools have AWCs. Pali 35 152 23.03

Raipur 25 263 9.51 Majority of the blocks in Pali have less than 20 percent of its Govt. schools Rani 37 106 34.91 covered by AWCs. Rohat 32 130 24.62 Sojat 47 194 24.23 Sumerpur 15 124 12.10 All Blocks 316 1810 17.46

Source: DISE, 201617

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK Pupil Teacher Ratio Enrolment Primary Only Primary with Upper Pri- Total

Blocks No. of Schools Boys Girls Total mary Bali 236 17733 (51.31%) 16828 (48.69%) 34561 27 22 26 Desuri 140 9617 (50.59%) 9391 (49.41%) 19008 23 24 25

Jaitaran 215 13568 (48.50%) 14408 (51.50%) 27976 19 19 20 Marvar Junction 250 14428 (50.58%) 14096 (49.42%) 28524 20 19 22 Pali 152 10894 (48.34%) 11643 (51.66%) 22537 17 24 23

Raipur 263 18854 (52.72%) 16910 (47.28%) 35764 22 22 27 Rani 106 7657 (49.15%) 7922 (50.85%) 15579 18 17 22 Rohat 130 9216 (49.50%) 9401 (50.50%) 18617 14 19 23 Sojat 194 13820 (49.66%) 14012 (50.34%) 27832 18 18 21 Sumerpur 124 11571 (49.51%) 11798 (50.49%) 23369 21 23 26 1810 All Blocks 127358 (50.19%) 126409 (49.81%) 253767 21 21 23

Pali has a total of 1810 Government schools. Raipur block has 263 Govt. schools, the highest among all blocks, while Rani has only 106 Govt. schools which is the lowest number of schools any block has. Enrolment rate of boys are more than the girls across majority of the blocks of Pali. In Govt. schools of Pali, boys enrolment accounts for 50.2 percent and girls enrolment is 49.8 percent. Raipur has the highest percentage (52.72%) of boys enrolment among all blocks and Pali has the highest percentage of girls enrolment (51.66%). The overall PTR of the district for primary, upper primary is 21, 21 and 23 respectively. Bali has 27 PTR at primary level. Contractual Teachers Average no. of teachers per school Blocks Teachers Bali Male Female Total Male Female Total Primary Only Primary with Upper Primary Total Desuri 1082 238 1320 18 2 20 1.95 5.35 5.59 641 120 761 3 1 4 1.58 5.00 5.44 Jaitaran 1117 271 1388 6 3 9 1.62 6.34 6.46 Marvar Junction 1053 215 1268 4 0 4 1.54 6.25 5.07 Pali 608 388 996 4 1 5 2.00 5.33 6.55 Raipur 1034 308 1342 11 4 15 1.95 6.43 5.10 Rani 598 125 723 1 1 2 2.20 5.68 6.82 Rohat 589 225 814 2 0 2 2.00 5.47 6.26 Sojat 1046 288 1334 9 3 12 2.10 6.05 6.88 Sumerpur 737 153 890 0 0 0 2.24 5.72 7.18 All Blocks 8505 2331 10836 58 15 73 1.84 5.80 5.99 Source: DISE, 2016-17 The proportion between male and female teachers is seen to vary heavily among the blocks of Pali. The male-female imbalance in workforce is seen to be the highest in Bali which has 1320 male teachers and just 238 female teachers. There is a total of 73 contractual teachers. Measuring the average number of teachers each school has, it is seen that at the primary level, Pali district has just 1.84 teachers and upper primary level has 5.80 teachers, which becomes an average number of 5.99 teachers per school.

Pali has a total of 10836 teachers employed in its Govt. schools, of which 8505 are male and 2331 are female. Rani (723) employs the lowest number of teachers among all blocks, of which 125 are female teachers. Professional Qualification of Teachers District Pali B.El.Ed. (2.33%) B.Ed. or equivalent (45.87%) Others (15.09%)

Bali (4.24%) Desuri (500%)

Jaitaran (4.00%)

Marwar Junction (3.08%) In terms of professional qualifications, a mea- Teachers qualified with a Pali (6.00%) gre 2.33 percent of teachers have a B.El.Ed. B.El.Ed. degree in Pali degree only in the district. Sojat has the high-

Raipur (4.39%) est proportion of teachers with B.El.Ed. de- Rani (6.00%) gree (6.82 percent). Rohat (1.35%)

Sojat (6.82%)

Sumerpur (6.00%)

Desuri (84.89%) Rohat(73.00%) Rani (71.92%) Another 45.87 percent have B.Ed. Sumerpur (74.16%) degrees as well in the district. Among Marvar Junction (71.00%) the blocks, Desuri and Sumerpur have Jaitaran (70.10%) Teachers qualified with a B.Ed. or the highest percentage of B.Ed. quali- equivalent degree in Pali fied teachers, 84.9 percent and 74.16 Pali (71.69%) percent respectively. Bali (67.42%) Sohat(69.00%) Raipur (63.00%)

Bali(25.15%)

Desuri (9.33%) Jaitaran (24.13%) Marvar Junction (23.34%) Pali (18.57%) Around 15.09% of the total teaching cadre Teachers qualified with any Raipur(30.99%) other* degree in Pali hold degrees other than a B.Ed or a B.El.Ed. Rani (21.85%) Rohat (24.08% ) Sohat (22.49%) Sumerpur (18.88%) Source: DISE, 2016-17 A significant proportion of the population in blocks across Pali district has teachers with no professional degree (1.54 percent).

* other category includes teachers with professional degree equivalent to M. Ed or equivalent, Others, Diploma in Teacher Training and Diploma or Degree in Special Educa- tion.

This is a preliminary report published based on publicly available data. Some of the issues discussed in the report are compl ex in nature and need further investigation and analysis. This publication is freely available for sharing for non -commercial purposes, and without any change, subject to due credit to the publisher.