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Dictionary of National Biography

Dictionary of National Biography

Buccleuch 178

BUCCLEUCH, DUKES OF. [See SCOTT.] entered the house of a relation, by whom she was taught reading and sewing. During* EAKLS OP. [See COMYN and BUCHAN, a visit to Greenock she made the acquaintance EKSKINE.] of Robert Buchan, a working potter, whom* BUCHAN, ALEXANDER PETER she married. They quarrelled and separated, ! and in 1781 she removed with the children (1764-1824), physician, was born at Ack- to heard White, of werth, near Pontefract, in 1764, being the son I . Having Hugh l the at in Glas- of Dr. William Buchan, author of Domestic Irvine, preach

at ! at the sacrament of 1783, she wrote Medicine' [q. v.] He was educated the gow April him a letter her of high school and university of , expressing high approval his and that no she studied anatomy and medicine also in sermons, stating preacher had ever listened to had so under the Hunters and Dr. George Fordyce, previously fully

! satisfied her needs. The result was and proceeded to Leyden, where he graduated spiritual that she removed to Irvine to the M.D. on 11 July 1793. Settling in London, { enjoy pri-

: of his and converted both he became physician to the Westminster Hos- vilege ministry, < belief office in 1818. him and his wife to the that she was pital in 1813, but resigned that a saint endowed and He was re-elected in 1820, and died on 5 Dec. | specially privileged by that 1824. heaven, White's final conclusion being ' she was the woman mentioned in the Reve- Buchan's works include Enchiridion Sy- 1797 * Treatise on Sea lation of St. John, while she declared him philiticum,' ; Bathing, with Remarks on the Use of the Warm ; to be the man child she had brought forth. ' of these- or con- ! On account of his proclamation Bath,' 1801 ; Bionomia, Opinions Life and 1811 * peculiar doctrines White was deposed from Health,' ; Symptoma- cerning In 1784 1824 besides a translation of Dau- i the ministry by the presbytery. May tology,' ; ' sect the- on 1807 ! the magistrates banished the from benton's Observations Indigestion,' ; ' i and the an edition of Dr. Armstrong's Diseases of burgh, following supposed guidance- of the star which led the wise men to Beth- 1808 and the edition j Children,' ; twenty-first ' settled on the farm of New of his father's Domestic Medicine,' 1813. i lehem, they Cample, in the parish of Closeburn, Dum- . of iii. [Munk's Phys. (1878), 5.] friesshire. were here one or- G. T. B. They joined by two persons in good positions in life, and their numbers reached BUCHAN, ANDREW OP (d. 1309 ?), ultimately forty-six. Mrs. named their ' of , was, previous to his eleva- Buchan, whom they spi- ritual to have the tion to the bishopric, abbot of the Cistercian mother,' professed power the Ghost abbey of Cupar (Coupar) Angus, to which of conferring Holy by breathing, and also laid claim to certain he had been preferred in 1272. In the Rag- prophetic gifts. in the millennium as close at man roll his name appears as paying homage They believed to Edward at the church of Perth 24 July hand, and were persuaded that they would not taste of but would be taken to- 1291, and atBerwick-on-Tweed 28 Aug. 1296. death, up air. The ac- He was nominated to the bishopric of Caith- meet Christ in the following ness Boniface VIII, 17 Dec. 1296 count of them by Robert Burns, the poet, by Pope ' accurate : Their (THEINEK, Vet. Mon. ed. 1864, No. ccclix. may be accepted as strictly tenets are a of enthusiastic- pp. 163-4). Spotiswood affirms that he strange jumble others she to lived as bishop thirteen years, but wrongly jargon ; among pretends give them the Ghost on gives the date of his consecration as 1288. Holy by breathing them,, and The date of his death is usually given as which she does with postures gestures- that are indecent. have 1301, but this appears to be mere conjecture, scandalously They and there is no evidence to show that his likewise a community of goods, and liv& an idle on a farc& successor Ferquhard was bishop before 1309. nearly life, carrying great of pretended devotion in barns and woods,, [Rental Book of Cupar-Angus, ed. Charles where they lodge and lie together, and hold Rogers ( Club), i. 15-29; Anderson's likewise a community of women, as it is Orkneyinga Saga, lxxxv-vi.] T. F. H. another of their tenets that they can com- BUCHAN or SIMPSON, ELSPETH mit no mortal sin' (Burns to J. Burness, (1738-1791), the head of a religious sect August 1784). It is affirmed that Burns ' generally known as ,' was the had an attachment to a young woman who> daughter of John Simpson and Margaret joined the Buchanites, and that he spent a , who kept a wayside inn at Fat- whole night and day in vainly endeavouring * macken, between Banff and . She to persuade her to return. His song As I ' was born in 1738. In early life she was was a walking was set to an air to which,, ' employed in herding cows, and afterwards according to him, the Buchanites had set Buchan i 79 Buchan

some of their nonsensical the rhymes,' for the claimed minerals on the estate, compelled composition of hymns was one of the gifts him to sell the property in 1852. For the of Mrs. Buchan. In 1785 White issued next two years he lived in with a ' The Divine Dictionary,' written by him- younger son at Stroudhill House, Leitrim. self and 'revised and approver! by Elspeth In 1854 he came to London on business, and Simpson/ The death of Mrs. Buchan in died there suddenly on 19 Sept. He was May 1791 dissipated the faith of most of her buried at Norwood. His eldest son, Charles followers. White that she was Forbes Buchan pretended only ; D.D., became of in a trance, and had her buried clandestinely, , Kincardinesbire, in 1846. but he afterwards renounced his belief in her Buchan owes his reputation to his success promise to return and conduct them to the as a collector and editor of Scottish ballads, New Jerusalem. The last survivor of the and in this work he spent large sums of money. sect was Andrew Innes, who died in 1848. In 1828 appeared in two volumes his 'Ancient Ballads and of the North of [Four Letters between the people called Bu- Songs , hitherto with notes.' ehanites and a teacher near Edinburgh, together unpublished, explanatory with two letters from Mrs. Buchan and one from The book was printed and published for him Mr. White to a clergyman in England, 1785; in Edinburgh. More than forty ballads were Train's The Buchanites fromFirst to 1846 there for the first and Last, ; printed time, many Works of Eobert Burns.] T. F. H. others were published in newly discovered versions. Scott interested himself from the BUCHAN, PETER (1790-1854), collec- first in Buchan's labours, and speaks highly tor of of their Scottish ballads, born at in value (' Introductory Remarks on 1790, traced his descent from the Comyns, Popular Poetry' (1830), prefixed to later earls of Buchan. His parents discouraged editions of the Border Minstrelsy}. In 1834 his desire to enter the navy, and an early was advertised a second collection of Buchan's marriage completely estranged his father. 'North Countrie Minstrelsy,' but Mr. Jerdan In 1814 he published an original volume of apparently purchased Buchan's manuscript for verse ('The Recreation of Leisure Hours, the Percy Society, and in 1845 James Henrj being Songs and Verses in the Scottish Dixon edited it for that society under the ' Dialect,' Peterhead, 1814), taught himself title of Scottish Traditional Versions of copper-plate engraving, and resolved to open Ancient Ballads.' a printing-office for the first time at Peter- Buchan's other works were very numerous. ' head. in 1816 he went to The chief of : 1. . Early Edinburgh them were Annals of < with an empty purse and 'a pocketful of Peterhead,' Peterhead, 1819, 12mo. 2. An flattering introductory letters.' His kinsman, Historical Account of the Ancient and Noble the Earl of Buchan, sent him to Dr. Charles Families of Keiths, Earls Marischals of Scot- at ' Wingate Stirling, where he learnt the art land,' n. d., Peterhead. 3. Treatise proving of in the short of ten that Brutes have souls and are printing space days. immortal/ his return 4. ' On to Edinburgh, a gift of 50/. Peterhead, 1824. The Peterhead Smug- from a friend of the Earl of Buchan enabled of the Last William glers Century ; or, and him to purchase the business plant of a print- Annie, an original melodrama, in three acts/ ing-office, and on 24 March 1816 he set up Edinburgh, 1834. 5. 'The Eglinton Tour- his press at Peterhead. In 1819 he con- nament and Gentlemen Unmasked/ Glasgow, ' structed a new press on an original plan. 1839 (republished as Britain's Boast, her It was worked with the feet instead of and her Shame a Mirror for all with Glory ; or, the and as well Ranks 6. ' of the hands, printed from stone, '). An Account Chivalry ' copper, and wood as from ordinary type. Bu- of the Ancients/ Glasgow, 1 840. 7. Man- chan also invented an index-machine showing Body and Soul as he was, as he is, and as the number of sheets worked off by the press, he shall be/ 1849. Buchan was also the but an Edinburgh press-maker borroAved this author of many detached poems and stories, invention, and, taking it to America, never re- and of anti-radical political pamphlets, and turned it to the inventor. About 1822 Buchan was a contributor to George Chalmers's ' Ca- temporarily removed to London, but in 1824 ledonia.' Two unpublished volumes of his he resettled as a printer at Peterhead. His collection of ballads passed shortly before his chief publications were of his own compila- death to Herbert Ingram, and afterwards to- and tion, the business was prosperous enough Dr. Charles Mackay. They are now in the to enable Buchan to retire on his capital, British Museum (Add. MSS. 29408-9). and to a small near purchase property Scottish iii. 691-3 Denny- [Anderson's Nation, ; Scott's which he called loanhead, , Bu- Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border; Brit. Mus. chanstone. A and law- Cat. information from Dr. Charles harassing expensive ; Mackay.l suit, however, with the superior landlord, who S. L. L. Buchan 1 80 Buchan

I of his efforts in BUCHAN, THOMAS (d. 1720), general Notwithstanding the failure of the Jacobite forces in Scotland, was de- ! behalf of the Stuarts, he retained their con- scended from a family which claimed con- fidence, and did not cease to take an active nection with the earls of Buchan, and which interest in schemes to promote their restora- with had been proprietors of Auchmacoy in the tion. He continued a correspondence parish of Logie-Buchan, , as Mary of Modena after the death of James II, early as 1318. He was the third son of and in a letter dated 3 Sept. 1705 expressed James Buchan of Auchmacoy and Margaret, his readiness to raise the highlands as soon daughter of Alexander Seton of . as troops were sent to his assistance (HOOKE'S Entering the army at an early age he served Correspondence, Roxburghe Club, 1870-1, i. with subordinate rank in France and Hol- 302). In 1707 he was commissioned by a land, and in 1682 was appointed lieutenant- person in the service of the Pretender to colonel in the 's regiment of foot visit Inverness and report on its defences, in Scotland. From letters of thanks addressed and his letter to Hooke in June of that year to him by the privy council it would appear reporting his visit, with plans of Inverlochy that in 1684 and 1685 he was actively en- fort and Inverness, will be found in Hooke's In he At the gaged against the covenanters. 1686 'Correspondence' (ii. 328). rising was made colonel of the regiment. While in 1715 he appears to have offered his ser- of serving in Ireland in 1689 he was promoted by vices in the highlands, for the Marquis 22 King James to the rank of major-general, and , in a letter to him dated Sept. ' after the death of at Killiecrankie 1715, commends his frankness to go with was commander-in-chief of the me in our king and country's cause,' and ex- appointed j ' Jacobite forces in Scotland. At a himself as to yield to your meeting j presses ready of the highland chiefs held after his arrival command, conduct, and experience.' On this j from Ireland, it was resolved to continue the account he is supposed to have been present j and at the battle of 13 Nov. fol- war with renewed ; meanwhile, Sheriffmuir, vigour j till the muster of the clans was completed, I lowing; but it is not improbable that cir- it was arranged that Buchan, at the head of cumstances prevented him joining the rebels, j 1,200 men, should employ himself in harass- as had he been present he would in all like-

ing the enemy along the lowland border, i lihood have held a prominent command.

On 1 May 1690 he was surprised and totally I He died at Ardlogie in , and was defeated by Sir Thomas Livingstone at Crom- buried in Logie-Buchan, in 1720. as as four hundred of his dale, many troops [Buchan's View of the Diocese of , taken The forms 361-2 Statist. Ace. of Scot. xii. being prisoners. catastrophe 1730, pp. ; New the of the humorous 'The Smith's New of subject ballad, 806-7 ; History Aberdeenshire, o' the narrative 903-5 Memoirs the Scots War car- Haughs ,' imaginary ; touching of a fugitive highlander, who gives the result ried on for their Majesties by Major-general of the battle in the terse lines Mackay against the Viscount Dundee, and after him Cannon, and at last Major-general Buchan, the rues Quo' he, highland army for the late James King (Bannatyne Club, 1833) ; e'er to That we came Cromdale. son's Colonel Hooke's Macpher Original Papers ; Club, After reinforced a of six hundred Correspondence (Roxburghe 1870-1).] being by body T. F. H. highlanders, Buchan entered Aber- deenshire, and presented so formidable an BIJCHAN, WILLIAM (1729-1805), attitude to the Master of Forbes that the physician, was born at Ancrani in Roxburgh- latter hastily fell back on Aberdeen. This shire, where his father had a small estate, was the last effective effort of Buchan in besides renting a farm. When yet a boy at behalf of the Jacobite cause. He made no school young Buchan was amateur doctor to to enter the but marched south- the he was sent to attempt city, village ; yet Edinburgh ward till threatened by the advance of Gene- to study divinity. But he supported himself ral Mackay. He then retreated northwards, to a considerable extent by teaching mathe-

with the of Inverness but I matics to his and purpose attacking ; fellow-students, gave up the surrender of the Earl of Seaforth to the divinity for medicine, the Gregory show- rendered further active hostilities ing him much countenance. After a nine government j impossible. For a time he retained a number years' residence at Edinburgh Buchan began of followers with him in , but finally practice in Yorkshire, and before long settled dismissed them and retired, along with Sir at Ackworth, being appointed physician to George Barclay and other officers, to Mac- the foundling hospital, supported by parlia- donald of Glengarry. After the submission ment. Here he gained great skill in treating of the he and other officers diseases of children but his was highland chiefs, ; stay abruptly on 23 March to France. terminated on the were, 1692, transported | parliament discontinuing Buchanan 181 Buchanan vote of 60,000/. for foundling hospitals. was the second of four sons of George After this he practised some time at Sheffield, Buchanan, maltster, Glasgow, one of the but returned to Edinburgh about 1766, and covenanters who fought at Bothwell Bridge, practised for some years with success. Fer- and Mary, daughter of Gabriel Maxwell, guson, the well-known popular lecturer on merchant, and was born in 1690. His name ' natural philosophy, at his death left Buchan appears in M' lire's list of the First Merchant ' his valuable apparatus. Buchan thereupon Adventurers at Sea ( View of the City of Glas- began to lecture on the subject, and drew large gow, p. 209), and by his trade Avith Virginia, classes for some years. In 1769 appeared, at where he had a tobacco plantation, he be- ' I the low price of six shillings, the first edition came one of the wealthiest citizens of his day. of his ' Domestic Medicine or the In 1735 he the estate of | Drum- ; Family purchased Physician,' the first work of its kind in this pellier, , and the older portion of country. Its success was immediate and Drumpellier house was built by him in 1736. great. Nineteen large editions, amounting Adjoining Glasgow he purchased three small to at least eighty thousand copies, were sold properties in what was then known as the in Great Britain in the author's lifetime and ' the first made in ; Long Croft,' purchase being the book continues to be re-edited, as well 1719, the second in 1732, and the third in as largely copied in similar works. It was ! 1740 (Glasgow, Past and Present, ii. 196). translated into all the principal European Through his grounds he opened an avenue languages, including Kussian, and was more for gentlemen's houses, which he named universally popular on the continent and in 1 Virginia Street, and he planned a town America than even in England. The Em- house for himself called Virginia Mansion, press of Russia sent Buchan a gold medal which he did not live to complete. Along and a commendatory letter. It is said that with his three brothers he founded in 1725 Buchan sold the copyright for 700/., and that the Buchanan Society for the assistance of ap- the publishers made as much profit yearly prentices and the support of widows of the by it. Having unsuccessfully sought to suc- name of Buchanan. He was also one of the ceed the elder Gregory on his death, Buchan original partners of the Ship Bank, founded in 1778 removed to London, where he gained in 1750. He was elected dean of guild in a considerable than and lord in 1740. When after practice ; less, however, 1728, provost his fame might have brought him but for his the John Hay, quarter- convivial and social habits. He regularly master of the Pretender, arrived at Glasgow practised at the Chapter Coffee-house, near with a letter demanding a loan of 15,000/., St. Paul's, to which literary men were then Buchanan and five others were chosen com- wont to resort. Full of anecdote, of agree- missioners to treat with him, and succeeded in able manners, benevolent and compassionate, obtaining a reduction to 5,500/. (Memorabilia he was unsuited to make or keep a fortune : of Glasgow, p. 361). On account of his zeal a tale of woe always drew tears from his in raising new levies on behalf of the govern- eyes and money from his pocket. About a ment, Buchanan made himself so obnoxious year before his death his excellent constitu- to the rebels that in December 1745 a special tion began to give way, and he died at his levy of 500/. was made on him under threats son's house in Percy Street, Rathbone Place, of plundering his house, to which he replied 1 on 25 Feb. 1805, in his seventy-sixth year. they might plunder his house if they pleased, He was buried in the cloisters at Westminster but he would not pay one farthing' (Scots Abbey. Mag. viii. 30). He died 20 Dec. 1759. By l Among his minor works are Cautions his wife, Marion Montgomery, he left two concerning Cold Bathing and Drinking Mi- sons and four daughters. neral 1786 ' Observations con- Waters,' ; [Old Country Houses of the Old Glasgow cerning the Prevention and Cure of the 2nd ed. Cochrane Gentry, pp. 186-8 ; Correspon- ' Venereal 1796 ; Observations con- Past and Pre- Disease,' dence, pp. 107, 114, 132 ; Glasgow, cerning the Diet of the Common People,' sent, ii. 196; Scots Mag. viii. 30, xxi. 663.] ' 1797 ; On the Offices and Duties of a T. F. H. Mother,' 1800. SIB ANDREW (1807- [New Catalogue of Living English Authors BUCHANAN, son of James Bucha- i. 1882), diplomatist, only (1799), 352; Gent. Mag. Ixxv. pt. i. 286-8, nan of Ardinconnal, Dumbar- 378-80; European Mag. xlvii. 167.] G-. T. B. Blairvadoch, tonshire, and Janet, eldest daughter of James BUCHANAN, ANDREW (1690-1759), Sinclair, twelfth earl of Caithness, was born of Drumpellier, lord provost of Glasgow, was 7 May 1807, entered the diplomatic service descended from a branch of the old family 10 Oct. 1825, and was attached to the em- of Buchanan of Buchanan and Leny. He bassy at Constantinople. On 13 Nov. 1830

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