Most Common Mistakes in Documentary Filmmaking From IndieWire.com

1. Making worthy films that no one cares about Michael Moore reminds us that there's no harm in making entertaining documentaries that an audience wants to watch: "If you want to make a speech, join a political party. If you want to give a sermon become a priest. Make a movie! If you make a movie people might go and see your documentary!" This doesn't mean that your film should be dumbed down schlock. "The Story Of The Weeping Camel" (2003) is a documentary set in Mongolia about the creeping influence of modernization on nomadic life - and yet it's both intelligent and wonderfully entertaining. People who decide to go off and make a documentary on the basis that the subject is ‘worthy’ get themselves into a tricky spot. You might find that a righteous topic is so widely researched that there aren’t many new upheavals to make. You also might find that the footage doesn’t create an entertaining feature. Interesting, worthy documentaries might work for a TV insert or news piece but are unlikely to make a great film.

2. Bad sound If I had a dollar for every first-time documentary-maker who has sunk a load of time and favors into their film, only to come up with something that sounded like the audio was recorded inside a sock then I'd have my own yacht by now. Your film can be shot on an old phone and look scrappy (if there's a creative reason for it) but there is no artistic justification for less than great sound. Ever.

3. A film with no question A great piece of advice to filmmakers struggling with their film is: What question are you asking in the process of making it? If you already know the answer to that question when you set out then you don't have a proper question. A filmmaker should set off on a real journey of discovery when they go out to make a film and having a great question that they are answering along the way gives their film dramatic tension as well as offering the filmmaker creative inspiration. Before filming, ask yourself, what question am I asking and how does this film express my worldview?

4. No conflict Whenever I discover that a filmmaker has no conflict in their film then I know that their film is probably going to have problems reaching an audience. Conflict doesn't have to mean a fight between different people - the conflict can be something as innocent as "success" and "failure," as in the Oscar-winning "Man On Wire" (2008).

5. Not having a great one-line pitch When filmmakers struggle to give a succinct and compelling one sentence summary of their film (like you might get in a film festival catalog) then I know there's probably trouble ahead. The great thing about coming up with a compelling one-liner is that it helps you discover whether you really have a film (as opposed to a piece for radio) and gives a sense of how you're going to make it.

6. No story When people talk about what they love about their favorite documentaries one of the main things they mention is a great story. This is probably one of the main reasons that people choose to watch a $100,000 documentary at the cinema over a $20 million blockbuster. Concentrating on a story that excites you not only helps give your film much needed structure, but your audience will be eternally grateful for being taken on a dramatic journey rather than being shown a series of unrelenting episodes.

7. Playing It Safe What do the directors of your favorite documentaries have in common? In all likelihood they didn't play it safe - they struck out confidently with a real vision of their film. As "Grizzly Man's'" editor Joe Bini said: "Too many people nowadays produce films whereas Werner Herzog directs them." An audience wants films with a personal, distinctive vision and you don't get that by being one of those play-it- safe directors.

8. Choosing the wrong music Just because you've met a composer at a party who has offered to write some music for your documentary, the odds are that he or she won't be right. Your choice of music needs to come from the overall vision that you have for your film and must serve that vision. The wrong music, or just too much music, can kill your film.

9. Not knowing what you want your audience to feel A really useful tip for giving your documentary a distinctive vision is deciding what the main emotion is that you want your audience to ultimately feel - i.e. emotionally moved or entertained. Without knowing this, making creative decisions can be hard and is made by guesswork or a vague sense of creative instinct rather than from a position of real vision.

10. Filming without a vision At the end of a day a great documentary has to have a strong vision, and that vision informs every creative and editorial step along the way. Like mentioned before, your music guy has to share your vision; so does everyone else in the process. Only when everyone is on the same page can the documentary achieve its intended goals.