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Effect of Venturi Diameter of Carburetor on Performance Of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Technology JEEST Vol. 03 No. 02, July 2016, Pages 16-22 http://jeest.ub.ac.id EFFECT OF VENTURI DIAMETER OF CARBURETOR ON PERFORMANCE OF SIX-STROKE 125 CC COMBUSTION ENGINE Eko Siswanto, Agung Sugeng Widodo, Nurkholis Hamidy, Denny Widhiyanuriyawan, Gilang Rausan Fikri Noor Mechanical Engineering Dept., Brawijaya University Jalan MT. Haryono No.167 Malang – 65145 E-mail :[email protected] In present day, almost all of internal CE ABSTRACT applies four-stroke Otto cycle. Main reason Performance of six stroke single power why the four-stroke is preferably to that of combustion engine affected by venturi two-stroke Otto cycle is ability on saving fuel. diameter of carburetor is presented. This study Therefore, it can be built a deduction that the is to begin on development of six-stroke single six-stroke CE will be saver in fuel power of combustion engine (CE). Developing consumption than four-stroke CE. of this six stroke CE is based on addition of Siswanto, et al [2] has done on duration on both mass- and thermal diffusion, developing internal CE single power using six- and on mixing time before the combustion. stroke cycle based on addition of both mass- Evaluation of the six-stroke CE performance is and thermal-diffusion. Mass diffusion means done via enlarge venturi diameter of diffusion of mass fuel droplet to air volume in- carburetor. Selected venturi diametersare 18 cylinder, whereas thermal diffusion means (mm) and 20 (mm). Fuel of the CE is gasoline- diffusion of heat from in-cylinder walls to air- based using research octane number (RON) of fuel mixture volume. The development 92. Interval of each ascending rotation speed is presents a new concept with adding two 400 (rpm), and observation was done using a strokes before combustion toward four-stroke constant throttle aperture 30 (%).The observed CE, where the engine has two steps performances of the 125 (cc) six-stroke CE is compression on each cycle. This situation then compared using a convensionalfour-stroke increases possibility to both mass- and 125 (cc), as well. It informs that diameter 20 temperature-homogeneity of air-fuel mixture (mm) can increase average of about 21(%) on before burned to obtain a better power torsion, 21 (%) on power, 16 (%) on specific expansion. Hence, this six-stroke concept has a fuel consumption (SFC), and 23 (%) on high potention as a new alternative engine. thermal efficiency to that of the diameter 18 Based on the explanation above, this (mm). If compared to four-stroke CE, the six- study is aimed to precursor development on stroke CE has lower in SFC and thermal internal six-stroke CE based on adding efficiency, however, it has higher in average duration of both mass- and thermal-diffusion value of torsion, power, and engine speed, and mixing.And then, this study did evaluation respectively about 15 (%). on performance of the six-stroke internal CE. By considering a simply evaluated air- Keywords :Venturi diameter, six-stroke, fuel supply variation, this study uses a combustion engine, RON of 92 conventional carburetor for generating air-fuel mixture. The carburetor uses venturi system to 1. INTRODUCTION lift fuel and to mix it with air. To lift and to mix them includes the carburetor or Internal CE is widely used on motor venturiperformances. Therefore,evaluation of vehicles, industries, and until electric power the engine performances is representatively generator. It is due to the benefits of the engine based on diameter of venturi hole. Selected on performances, economics aspecs, durability, venturi diameters are 18 (mm), as easy on operation, and no alternative standardapplication for four-stroke engine, and competitor yet [1] 20 (mm), respectively. Modification of hole- 16 P-ISSN:2356-3109 E-ISSN: 2356-3117 Siswanto, Widodo, Hamidy, Widhiyanuriyawan, Noor, Effect of Ventury Diameter … diameter of venturi until 20 (mm) is based on and of thermal from in-cylinder walls to the standard modification on four-stroke engine mixture. Situation above causes local areas of where allowed maximum enlargement unperfect combustion. The unadequate diameter isuntil 2 (mm) [3]. The observed duration of diffusion also explained by Kovakh engines, i.e. four-stroke and six-stroke, in this [5] that 3000 (rpm) engine speed provides present study use 125 (cc) in-cylinder of duration only 0.02 (s), then it gains poor combustion volume. mixture quality. Other literature informed Evaluated engine performances in this some local areas or islands of inhomogeneity study are torsion of crankshaft, mechanical of air-fuel mixture. It is explained by Rahman power, effective thermal efficiency, and [6] via combustion simulation for hydrogen effective specific fuel consumption. fuel using computationally fluid dynamics The six-stroke CE in present study (CFD), as shown on figure 1. consists of 1) Suction stroke, where air-fuel mixture is sucted by piston to enter in-cylinder. 2) First compression-diffusion-mixing. Besides being mixed to each other between air and fuel, the fuel mass also be diffused to all volume of the air. Together with the mixing and the mass diffusing, the air-fuel mixture also be penetrated by thermal from in-cylinder walls. So in this stroke, the mixing and the both of mass- and thermal-diffusion is carried out while the piston compresses the mixture. 3) Figure 1. Islands in hydrogen mass fraction on Expansion-diffusion-mixing stroke. It is 1000 (rpm), and 2000 (rpm) analogue to the compression-diffusion-mixing but, the mixing and the both of mass- and Hydrogen is very light molecule, and it thermal-diffusing is carried out while the can easily diffuse and spread into in-cylinder. piston expanding the mixture. 4) Second With the hydrogen character, however, it still compression-diffusion-mixing. As ideal occur some islands in the fuel mixture on each thermo-dinamicaly, this recompression stroke engine speed.It confirms that hydrogen fuel brings pressure P or temperature T sets back to still needs a better handling to reduce the the stroke number-2), however, actually as no- island area, moreover on carbureted gasoline. negative enthropy change then the pressure and temperature in this stroke is suspected on higher value than in the first compression- diffusion-mixing stroke. 5) After combustion, this stroke is power or expansion stroke. The combusted gasses expand and push the piston to result mechanical power. 6) Exhaust stroke. Residual combusted gasses discharge to go out from the in-cylinder. With the two diffusion-mixing strokes addition, it theoretically can be suspected that quality of the power or expansion of the six- Figure 2. Prediction of pressure-volume or P- stroke will have higher values than the V diagram for six-stroke CE conventional four-stroke. Scheme of six-stroke single power idea Figure 2 shows it is due to compression is supported by some literatures that address to stroke (1-2), expansion-diffusion stroke (2-1), homogeneity of air-fuel mixture and of and re-compression stroke (1-2), therefore, it temperature of the mixture in-cylinder. makes possibility in adding duration of mass Relatively low of the homogeneity especially diffusion of fuel to air (1-2-1-2), and also of on higher speed is caused by unadequately thermal diffusion into mixture (2-5) as diffusion duration of mass fuel to the air [4], supplement of heat input Qifor combustion. It 17 Journal of Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Technology (JEEST) Vol. 03 No. 01, July2016, Pages 16-22 is due to the additional strokes, theoretically 2. METHOD resulted enhancement of area of net works Method in this study is true (W ) on P-V diagram (continuous line for six- net experimental research, to observe influence of stroke, while dashed line for four-stroke). It venturi diameter of carburetor towards means there is additional heat in actual process performance of six-stroke single-power CE. as compensation of thermal diffusion from in- Installation of observation is shown on figure cylinder walls into air-fuel mixture. It can be 3. suspected that higher reactants temperature before ignition can be obtained than reactants Independent variable of this study is temperature on four-stroke. It also means diameter of venturi carburetor and also expansion pressure each cycle on six-stroke crankshaft rotation, with interval 400 (rpm). has higher quality. Whereas, dependent variable of this study is Compression ratio (r) of an engine is performance of CE, namely torsion, power, ratio of maximum volume (Vmax) to minimum effective thermal efficiency, and specific fuel volume (Vmin), or bottom death center volume consumption. Controlled variable for this (VBDC) to top death center volume (VTDC) of in- study is aperture of 30 (%) throttle valve of cylinder, as follows. carburetor. Fuel used to generate the power is gasoline based with research octane number (1) (RON) 92 with trade mark Pertamax. Apparatus and equipments applied in this research are a unit prototype six-stroke Average effective pressure (MEP), while single-power CE, two sets carburetor assy, a if it operates to piston for power-expansion unit Prony disk brake, a unit tachometer, a unit will result actual net works (Wnet). stopwatch, a unit measurement glass, a unit gas analyzer, a unit intake manifold, a unit fan for (2) cooler, and a unit hot wire anemometer. Performances evaluation processes is Where the MEP its self is expressed as done by using Prony disk brake, where a free follows, brake caliper is joined with a spring balance thus brake load of the disk can be measured via (3) the balance. Atmospheric condition while observation is relative humidity at () 69(%), o As above explanation, it is due to net room temperature at 24 ( C), and room pressure on (Ps) 949(kPa). works(Wnet) increase, then obtained a highly average effective pressure (MEP).
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