WTHE IRISH TIMES e irishtimes.comekend R eview Medical error Nature &Outdoors Apatient and her doctors Avisit to Lough Ree, in search discuss the misdiagnosis of the elusive curlew. Saturday,April21st,2018 EditorConorGoodman Phone01-6 758000 emailweekend@ irishtimes.com of her cancer. Page 3 Page 7

the Gérard Philippe of the 21stcentury. It In his first year as French president, was difficult for otherstoact in the same play with him. In the same way, it’s difficult Emmanuel Macron has overseen a forhis cabinet ministers now.” Defernand wasn’taware of the relation- growing economy, has become de shipatthe time, though he knewMacron went often to Auzière’shouse. “I assumed facto leader of Europe, and has even therewasaflirtbetweenhimandherdaugh- ter Laurence,” he says. won the respect of Donald Trump. The scandalofamarriedteacher with three children havinganaffair with astu- dentnearly 25 years her junior has been But many in France remain transformedinto romantic legend. Every- one wouldrather forget the trauma. unimpressed by the man they “Jesuitsneverpried into people’sprivate lives. There wasnomorality investigation,” see as a‘president for the rich’ Defernand says. “There were unmarried teachers livingtogetheratthe time. Iwas more worriedabout students taking drugs.” The fact thatBrigittecontinued to teach at La Pro for years after her lover’s depar- ture,and then transferred to LycéeStLouis de Gonzague when they began to live to- gether later in Paris, is further evidence of tolerance, Defernand says. Atragic love story, known to most LE BIG French people, occurred aquarter-century earlierand helped pave the way for Macron and Auzière. Schoolteacher Gabrielle Russier (32) had an affair withalycée studenthalf her age, Christian Rossi, in Marseille. The youth’s parents filedacomplaint against the teacherand had their son placed in a MAC mental hospital. Russierwas given asus- pended prison sentence and tookher own life. The story became the subject of books, filmsand songs. Asked about it at apress conference,formerpresidentGeorgesPom- pidou famously quoted apoem by Paul El- uard that was sympathetic to womenac- cused of having slept withGerman soldiers during thewar. The historian Jean-François Sirinelli comparesthe Russier and Macron stories in his book L es Révolutions franç ais- es,toshow how much France evolved in a single generation. “Gabrielle Russiertakes her own lifein196 9.Emmanuel Macron and his teacher start an affair in the 1990s, and in May 2017, Brigitte Macron becomes cline, and the persuasive Macron is turning first lady of France.” Franceintotheworld’sgreatestsoftpower. There is, of course,discontent.It wouldn’t be Franceifthere wasn’t. This week Macron also confronted striking rail- way workers in the Vosges, telling them to “stoptaking people hostage.”The country is struggling through arolling strike over L ara Marlowe the reform of the SNCF railway company. inAmiensandParis AnddespiteMacron’sbesteffortstoreas- Atragic love story, known sure them, many sin France uspecttheir young president is out to destroy the famil- to most French people, resident Emmanuel Macron likes iar but dysfunctional “French social mod- occurred aq uarter-century to convincepeople.Inmanner and el”. In their eyes, Macron is pushing France earlier and helped pave the method, he is unlike his predeces- into the chasm of savage, race-to-the bot- ‘‘ Psors. Nicolas Sarkozycajoled and tom capitalism. way for Macron and bullied.FrançoisHollandejustgaveup.Ma- So what do they make of himinhis home Auz iè re cronfixes interlocutorswithhis intense town? The I rish Times travelled there to bluestareand builds aCartesianargument. find out. If that doesn’t work, he starts over, patient- Macron’s parents learned of the affair by ly,but with determination. chance. “My wife was much more upset Thepastweekhastestedtheyoungpresi- J esuitschool than Iwas,” ProfMacron says. “It may dent’s powers of persuasion. Early in the Macron was born in Amiens, the capital of sound macho, but Ithought he’dget overit. hours of April 14th, Macron used his consti- Picardy, 40 years ago and lived here until He didn’t ...Ithought it was alittle early. It tutional power as commander in chief for just before his 17thbirthday.From age 11 to wasn’t the way Ienvisionedlife, but it the first time, joining the US and Britain in 16 ,hestudied at the Jesuit school La Provi- wasn’t my life. Iraised my children to be launching cruisemissilesagainst three dence. freeand independent.” chemical weapons installations in Syria. Builtinthegracelessconcretestyle ofthe TheMacronsdidn’tconsiderfilingcharg- The goal,Macronsaid later, was to con- 1950s, “La Pro” is an elementary, second- es against Brigitte Auzière, but they asked vince Bashar al Assad and Vladimir Putin ary and technical school for 2,000 pupils, to meet her. “I was requisitioned to impose thattheinternationalcommunitywasmore spreadover several acres.Aside from occa- authority,” ProfMacron laughs. “I toldher, than a“nice” and “weak” body they could sionalcrucifixes, calendars of Pope Francis ‘He’s aminor. Iwanthim to complete his push around. andportraitsofStIgnatiusofLoyola,there- studies.After that, he’sfree to do what he In afurther exercise in persuasion, Ma- ligious footprintislight. The teachersare wants.’” cron volunteered for acombative, 2½ hour lay people. The priest visits only once a The president’s parents have been hurt live television interview on Sunday night, week now. by press reports that they sent their sonto duringwhich he made the surprisingclaim Not asingle plaque or photograph re- Paris to get him away from Auzière.“He that, “Ten days ago, President Trump said cordsthat the president and first lady of was going to go to Henri IV anyway. It was the US would pullout of Syria. We con- France passed through thesecorridors.Yet planned,” ProfMacron says, nonetheless vincedhim it was necessary to stayfor the thisiswhereMacronaskedtobebaptisedat admitting that perhaps Emmanuel “went a duration.” the age of 12, and where, at 15, he fell in love little early”. The White House later issued astate- with his future wife, aFrenchand drama At La Pro, Iask aclassof14-15 year-olds, ment saying Trump’s view had not teachercalled Brigitte Trogneux Auzière. Macron’s age when he met Brigitte, if they changed, and the French president made Macronhas alwaysbeen drawn to older could fallin lovewithateacher.The teenag- an embarrassing climbdown on Monday, people.His maternal grandmother,Ger- ers laughand say yes. “If it happened to claiming he “neversaid” the US or France maine “Manette” Nogues, diedinhis arms someoneourage,itwouldshockme,”saysa would remain militarily engaged in Syria five yearsago, at the age of 97. The Protes- studentcalledGrégoire. “But now that he’s for the long term. tant humanist philosopher Paul Ricoeur an adult,itdoesn’t bother me.” PerhapsMacron,whosenicknameis“Ju- was aspiritual father to him;the progres- The studentssay it’s “cool” that Macron piter”, is threatened by hubris, the sin of sive socialist millionaireHenryHermand is president.“He was elected because there pridethat afflicted Greekgods. his politicalmentor.“He’s attracted by was Marine Le Pen,”pipes in Ayoub, of The rest of the week was one long at- knowledge,bypeople who have experi- north African origin. Perhaps parroting tempttoconvince Europeans and the ence,” his neurologistfather, Jean-Michel their parents’opinions, the youths object to French of the rightness of hispositions.Ma- (6 7),says over lunch in Amiens. rising taxesand praise the appointmentof cron–who has become the de facto leader cabinet ministers who are not professional of Europe –receivedthe heads of the three politicians.For the future, they predict fly- Baltic stateswho have teamed up with five ‘Moremature’ ing cars and tell me France will never know othernorthern EU countries, including the At La Pro and subsequently at Henri IV, full employment. Netherlands and Ireland,tothwart his ef- France’s leading lycée and prep school in On ascale of one to 10, they give the fortstofurther integrate the euro zone. Paris, Macron often stayed after class to young president an approval rating of sev- Then, before amore sympathetic audi- talk to teachers. en. “He has to prove himself,” one explains. enceatthe EU parliamentinStrasbourg, Marc Defernand (78) taught Macron his- LikeFrance,Macron’s successors at La Pro Macronpleaded with proponents of liberal tory and geographyhere, and was principal are waiting to see. democracytowakeupandopposethepopu- of Macron’s section. “He was more mature list authoritarians who deny European val- than otherstudents,” says Defernand. “He ues.Macronthen travelled to Berlininyet always asked alot of questions.Sometimes B loodlines another effort to enlist German chancellor he wouldpick up aconversation we’d start- The Amienois may seem blasé about their Angela Merkel’s supportfor his European ed eight daysearlier, exactly where we’d president,but his father attributes this atti- reform agenda. left off.” tudetothe“taciturn,reserved”characterof On Monday, Macronwill go to Washing- In the autumn of 2016 , Defernand Picard people. The region particularly suf- ton for athree-day state visit, the first of queuedinalocal bookshop to ask Macron feredinbothworldwars,hasamiserablecli- Trump’spresidential term.Although the to sign his autobiographical manifesto, mate and has been decimated by de-indus- two men have clashed on climate change, Révolution.The retirededucator is moved, tralisation. the Iran nuclear accord, trade protection- recallingwhat happened.“He grabbed me His son is an atypical Picard, “an extro- ism and the rise of Euroscepticalpopulism, bythehandandsaid,‘MonsieurDefernand! vert”infused with the sun of the southwest Trump appears to have been charmed by It’s so good to see you!’” Macron inscribed on the side of his mother, Françoise the young president,who saysFran- the book: “To Marc, this‘Revolution’, Nogues-Macron. co-American co-operation is crucial in the which owes more to him than he knows. In Historyand bloodlinesled me to Macron fight against terrorism. friendship, Emmanuel.” père,tofind out more about the family’s As the firstanniversary of Macron’selec- We visitthe 700-seat theatre where Em- English ancestry. In February, Macron tion approaches on May 7th, and ahalf cen- manuelMacronandBrigitteTrogneuxAuz- spent an evening with the Presidential tury after the May 196 8 revolution, adiffer- ière adapted aplay by EduardoDeFilippo PressAssociation. As the representative for ent kindofspringisflowering in France. together. foreign journalists, Iwas part of the For the first timeindecades, the country is “He was dynamite,” Defernand says. “I reversing its postsecondWorld War de- toldhim that if he continued,hewould be Continuedonpage2 THE IRISH TIMES 2 News Review Saturday,April 21,2018

Emmanuel and his two siblings grew up, was ruled by acommunist mayor for 18 pointed”. Macron’s adviser stresses he is more and wherethe neurologist stilllives with his yearsinthe 1970sand 1980s. Nine years of piano and the rigour of thanamerepragmatist who would be con- second wife. “It’snot Neuilly,” Macron père Macron spent less than 17 years in Ami- France’s best schools have honedMacron’s tent to solve one problem after another. LE BIG says laughing,referringtothe Beverly ens, Fouré notes. He “went up” to Paris powers of concentration. On April 17th, he “The two legs of EmmanuelMacron are ac- Hills-like Paris suburb where Nicolas nearly aquarter of acentury ago. “People tookquestions fromMEPs in Strasbourg tionand reflection,”hesays. “He always Sarkozy came from. Though they are both here don’t know him. Alot of people are for three hours, without notes, without so does both.” doctors, Macron’s parents earned low, pub- proud thatthe president is fromAmiens, much as jotting down aquestion –aregular Macron’senmêmetempsmantraseeksto licsector salaries.“They weren’tneurosur- but that’sit. There has never been areal re- performance for Macron. reconcile irreconcilabables, suchasliberal- MAC geons with private jets,” commentsapresi- lationship betweenhim and the city. There “Heissomeonewithagreatcapacityofat- ism and social protection. The challenge is dentialadviser. is no emotional tie.” tention and concentration,” saysMonjou. most obvious in his self-described“humane The Trogneux chocolateshop, near the “People who’ve met him often tell me they butrealistic”immigration policy.Measures cathedralincentral Amiens, is where Bri- werestruck by the intensitywithwhich he suchasthe Collombcircular,whichauthor- gitte Macron’sfamily have made choco- Entourage looks at them, as if, for the time they are ises police to search emergency shelters for lates and macaroons forfivegenerations. On abeautiful spring day, the Élysée Palace with him,they are all that matters.” illegalmigrants,havealienatedsomeofMa- They also own the localRenaultdealership. feels light years away from dreary Picardy. “When you talk to him, itisasifheis cron’s closestallies. Black-and-white photographs of succes- The top-floorofficeofaclose presidential downloading yourbrain,” saysaformer In 1997, Macron’s spiritual father Paul sivegenerations of the Trogneux chocolate adviser has aview over the gardens and the cabinet minister who sometimes advises Ricoeur delivered alecture titled Foreigner dynasty hang inside the shop. Thereisno Eiffel Tower in the distance. Macron. Myself.Ricoeur cited Leviticus, about “the photograph or mention of Brigitte Trog- Macron’sentourage is comprised mostly Geraldine Byrne-Nason, now Ireland’s strangerthat dwellethwith you”,and the neux Auzière Macron. Jean-Alexandre of ferventlydevoted young men with back- AmbassadortotheUnitedNations,isdoubt- Gospel of Matthew, which says: “I was a Trogneux (57),the firstlady’s nephew and grounds similar to his own. No one at the less the Irishofficial who knowsMacron stranger andyou took me in.” Opponents of Continuedfrompage1 godson, agrees to be photographed, but re- Élysée, other thanthe president,can be best. She becamefriendswith the future Macron’s tough immigration policy say he fuses to talk about the presidential couple. quoted by name. “Our rule is that no one presidentwhen both were “sherpas”, re- has betrayed Ricoeur’sideals. The criticism welcomingparty. Igave him asepiapost- “We’ve made it agolden rule,” he says. “We getsindividual creditfor anything,” the ad- sponsible for briefing and accompanying must sting, but Macron believes that unless card of English soldiers in Amiens in 1918. don’t talk about them and they don’t talk viserexplains. IrishandFrenchleaderstoEUsummits,be- he calms fears of unlimited migration, ex- Macron studied the photograph closely. about us.” The adviser reportedly thought up the tween 2012until 2014. Byrne-Nasonrepre- treme right-wing populistswill continue to “You know,they foundmeanEnglish great Fabien Dorémus (32) heads the political slogan used by Macron when Trumppulled sented the taoiseach’s office, Macron the gain ground, in France and across Europe. grandfather,” he said with alaugh, staring book section of ashop in central Amiens. out of the Paris accord on climate change, Élysée Palace. The necessity of ending the “society of atthepostcard.“HewascalledGeorgeRob- Macron’s Révolution sold morethan 400 “Make our planetgreat again!” But he “We spent hours and hours in corridors status”inwhich family background,educa- ertson.” The president scrutinised the Eng- copiesthere,an“enormous”number,Doré- refusestoconfirmthis.“Weworkcollective- through the night while the heads of state tion and profession determine all aspectsof lish faces for along moment.Hewas look- mussays.Hehadnodesiretoreadit,anddis- ly. Everything we do belongs to the presi- and government were locked in meetings,” one’s life, “gives coherence to everything ingfor afacethat resembled his own. misses the book –and Macron –as“all slo- dent.” Byrne-Nason recalls. “Emmanuelwould be we aredoing”, saysthe presidential adviser. Towards the end of last year’s presiden- gansand clichés”. Aformerjournalist The adviser countsaresurgence of oneof my first points of repair. If you’re go- “Whenyou’re poor in France, you stay tial campaign,Brigitte Macron mentioned whose local online newspaper failedfor Frenchpride as Macron’s greatestachieve- Ihave faith in the generic ing to be there for seven hours, you want poorbecause you can’t borrowmoney to toBritishjournaliststhat herhusbandhada lack of funding, Dorémus is close to the far ment so far. “It’s been along time since the someone interesting to talk to.” buy the car you need to get apermanent great grandfather called“Mr Robertson left partyFranceUnbowed. French have been proud to be French,in sense of the term. If one Byrne-Nasoncalls Macron “an insid- job,” the adviser explains. “You dare not fromBristol”. The London Times, Mirror Since Macron’s election,Dorémus says, the eyes of the world,” he says. Though it doesn’t believe in one’s er-outsider” who has mastered the system abandon the benefits of being acivil serv- and DailyMail researched the story and “I’m not optimisticfor workers, pensioners contradicts my experience in Amiens, the lucky star, in good fortune, but is able to regarditwithdetachment. ant, even if you have otheropportunities. told the Macrons more than they had ever and people who need public services. Iam statementringstrue.Mostpeopleinthepro- ‘‘ “He has ahealthy disrespect for bureaucra- Getting aCDI [permanent job contract] is knownabout “Mr Robertson”. very optimistic for the rich.” fessionalmilieus of Parisadore Macron and in one’s country, one cy, and Brussels is the home of process and the holy grail. If you have one, you won’t George William Robertson wasborn in The bookseller mentions various are proudofhis presidency. doesn’t do what I’m doing procedure,”she says. “In that regard, we giveit up to startabusiness.” Bristol in December 1887, and is believed to left-wing grievances against Macron, aris- Afew doors from the president’s office, were kindred spirits. There was aslight im- havefoughtin theBattle of theSomme. Dis- tantrelativesinEnglandhavepreservedhis ‘Flexicurity’ war medals. Philippe Aghion, who teaches economics at Robertsonmarried Macron’s great Harvard, the London School of Economics grandmother, Suzanne Leblond, in the andthe CollègedeFrance,has greatlyinflu- town of Abbeville, 40km from Amiens, in encedthe president’s economic thinking. 1919.Theyhadthreedaughters.Themiddle Contrary to Thomas Piketty,the French daughter,Jacqueline,bornin1922,wasEm- authorofthe best-selling Capital in the 21st manuel Macron’spaternal grandmother. Century,AghionandMacronbelievethatin- “He disappearedfrom one day to the creasing social mobility,not high taxation, next,” Prof Macron told me. “No one in the is the most effectiveway of reducing in- familyeverheardfromhim.Suzanneraised come inequality. threedaughtersalone.Shekeptaverymod- Aghion wants to wean France off its est grocery shop in Abbeville.Myparents post-second World War reliance on the sent me to live withher and my aunts for Keynesian welfare state, in which govern- two yearsasachild.” mentspendingstimulatesdemand.Heisin- The failed marriage to an Englishman spiredbyJohnMaynardKeynes’sexactcon- “was never,never talked about. The family temporary, the Austrian-born economist keptnotrace of him. Inever sawapicture,” and Harvard professorJosephSchumpet- Prof Macron continues.GeorgeRobertson er,whobelievedthatinnovationandtechni- married again, settled in east London and cal progressare the basisofaprosperous kept agrocery shop, like his ex-wife, Su- economy. zanne. Astep-daughter told the Mirror that Aghion’s theories underlie Macron’s re- he liked to sing Roses of Picardy,which he form of the French labour code last year, had learned in the trenches. and the ongoing reform of professional Had abutcher from Bristol not foughtin training. It is, Aghion admitted in an inter- the Somme, married aFrenchwoman and view, aliberal economic policy. But, he in- fatheredher children, Emmanuel Macron sists, it is also asocialpolicy. would not exist,would not be presidentof Schumpeterbelievedincreativedestruc- Francetoday. tion, “which means you constantly have ■ Clockwise from above: French new jobs replacing old jobs,new firmsre- president Emmanuel Macron with his placing old firms”, Aghion says. It’s ahard Precociousness wife Brigitte; Jean-MichelMacron and selltoaFrench public thatcraves security Macron’s intellectual precociousness and Françoise Nogues-Macron at their son’s and is adverse to change. his relationship withBrigitte meant he inauguration; with US president Donald AghionadvocatesDanish-style“flexicuri- “skipped his adolescence”, his father says. Trump at the Élysée Palace; Macron with ty” thatcombines labourmarket flexibility In theautumn of 1993, three months short former Irish ambassador to France with unemployment benefits and retrain- of his 17thbirthday, the future president Geraldine Byrne-Nason; arailway ingfor laid-off workers. “In anutshell: inno- moved to agarret near the Lycée Henri IV workers’ protest in Paris; and the future vation, social protection and social mobili- in Paris. president making his profession of faith, ty. That’s the triangle you want to achieve,” He continued his relationship with Bri- at Lycée la Providence in Amiens, at the he says. Listeningtohim is likehearingMa- gitte. “When Iwent to see him in his cham- age of 12. PHOTOGRAPHS: YORGOS cron speak. bredebonne,sometimes he called through KARAHALIS/BLOOMBERG/GETTY, FRANCOIS Macron’s parents were left-leaning ag- the door for me to come back later,” Prof MORI/AFP/GETTY, CHRISTOPHE MORIN/BLOOMBERG/ nostics whodid not baptise theirchildren. Macron laughs. “I knew she was there with GETTY,LARA MARLOWE, ANNE-CHRISTINE At the age of 12, probably under the influ- him.” POUJOULAT/AFP/GETTY, GÉRARDBANC ence of hissurroundings at La Pro,Macron Christian Monjou taught Macron Ameri- askedtomake hisFirst Communion. A canandBritishcivilisationforthreeyearsat black-and-white photograph provided by Henri IV. Though he did not knowabout one of his teachers, Gérard Banc, shows the the romance,Monjou noticed that Macron future president making his profession of racedofftoAmiensthemomentclassesend- faith. ed on Saturday. “It was acase of ‘the divid- Macron’sintellectual affiliation has been ed self’,”Monjousays in an interview in his withthe Christianleft,withRicoeur and Es- book-lined study. prit magazine, for whichhewrotea Macronobtained his baccalauréat with half-dozen articles, and whose board he sat honours, but twice failed the entrance on. French media interpreted gestures at exam for the École Normale Supérieure, Macron’scampaignralliesassignsof mysti- which trainsFrench academics. It was the cism,for example whenheaskedhis follow- onlyfailureofhislife.Haditnotbeenforthe ers to “show benevolence”, or ended rallies distraction of romance with Brigitte, Mon- Christ-like, with outstretched arms. On the jousays, Macron would have succeeded in night of hiselection,heconcluded his the exam and become an academic. speech in front of IM Pei’s glass pyramid at Againstallodds,Brigitte Macron eventu- the Louvre with the words, “I will serve you ally divorced and moved toParis to live with with love”. Emmanuel. They married in 2007.“With- out her,Iwould not be me,”Macron said during the campaign. Secularism Macron wentontoearn adoctorate in During his evening withthe Presidential philosophy,then reorientedhislife towards Press Association, IaskedMacronif, 28 politicswithdegrees fromSciences Po and yearsafterhisbaptism,hestillhasfaith.Per- the École Nationale d’Administration sonal beliefisataboo subjectinsecular (ENA).“He used failure as alaunching France. Embarrassed laughter rippled pad,”says Monjou. “Thatistypicalof alead- across the room,but he addressed my ques- er.” tion. “Have you brought yourhelmet and bul- “I believe in something we don’t see, letproof vest?” the taxidriver who takes me yes,”Macronsaid.“Ihavefaithinthegener- to the Whirlpool clothes dryer factory in ingfrom ahandful of disparagingremarks the adviser lists Macron’s “importantvicto- patience with the weight of slow-turning icsenseofthe term.Ifone doesn’t believe in northAmiens asks. It’s ajoke, of course, but since 2014: Macron referred to slaughter- ries”:the revisionofthe labourcodeandthe wheels.” one’s lucky star, in goodfortune,inone’s the “Whirlpools” are notoriously hostile. A houseworkerswhowerelosingtheir jobsas taxation of capital investments; the over- Macron was particularly understanding country,onedoesn’tdowhatI’mdoing.Ibe- yearago, MarineLePen promisedtheirfac- “illiterate”; Macron toldaheckler wearing haul of the country’s education system; of Irish difficultiesduringthe bailout, By- lieveinaformoftranscendency.” tory would not close if she became presi- an anti-Macron T-shirt, “The best way to changes to the EU’s postedworkers direc- rne-Nasonsays.Shebelieveshewasrespon- Following Macron’s April 9th speech to dent. Macron ignored advice and plunged buy asuit is to get ajob”;Macron called pro- tive; endingthe giant squat at No- sible for support offered bythenpresident Frenchbishops,leftistsandFreemasonsac- into the crowd of angry strikers, saying,“If testers against his labour reforms “slack- tre-Dames-des-Landesanddismantlingthe FrançoisHollande. cused him of attacking la laicité,which has youlisten to the security guys,you’re dead.” ers” and accused strikers of wanting to fou- nuclearreactoratFessenheim.Thelasttwo Macron told aheckler Byrne-Nason sent glowing reports about been France’s official policyofstate-en- The factory will move to Poland at the trelebordel,orwreak havoc. issues had festered for decades. “They Macron’s potential to Dublin, long before forced secularismsince 1905. end of May. Most of the 290 workers have It’shardly “letthem eat cake”.But the seemedimpossibleforanyprecedingmajor- wearing an anti-Macron he became apresidentialcandidate. Last “We sharethe confused feeling that the been promised retraining or jobs building presidenthasbeenhangedandburnedinef- ity,”the adviser says. T-shirt, ‘The best way to buy September, she listened to what she calls link between churchand state has been “intelligent” refrigerators by the factory’s figy by protesters. “You have to put yourself Macron is doing as much for the disad- asuit is to get ajob’; Macron his“extraordinaryspeechinfavourofinter- damaged, and that it is as important to you newowner. But they’re still angry. On the in the place of the people who get told they vantagedasfor the rich, the adviserinsists. ‘‘ national co-operationand law” at theUN as it is to me to repair it,” Macron said. The day Ivisit, management proposed aclothes are slackers and freeloaders,” Dorémus “We have increased basic payments to the called protesters against his General Assembly. “It was poetic. It was purpose of laicité was “certainly not to deny dryerinlieuofaseverance bonus. says.“He’scontemptuousofthelowerclass- poor,thedisabledandtheelderly.We’rede- labour reforms ‘slackers’ powerful. It lit up the place.” Ireland could spirituality” he argued. “For biographical, es. People startedhating him because they creasing social chargesonlower salaries. havesigned off on every word, Byrne-Na- personaland intellectual reasons, Ihave feel disrespected.” The pendulumhas swung muchmore to- son says, callingMacron “a superstar presi- the highest opinionofCatholics.” ‘Aright-wingguy’ Anothercriticism,madebyMacron’sfor- wards the least advantaged than the most dent who generates both respect and influ- There is something Jesuitical, indeed “Macron,Macron.He’snotagod.We’relos- mer teachers, is that his speeches are often privileged.” ence here amongst the 193 countries of the monklike, about Macron. Unlike his prede- ing jobs. We don’t give adamn about Ma- solongandintellectualthat theycanbediffi- So why isn’t that message getting UN”. cessors, he shows no need to eat, sleep or cron,” François Gorlia,the in-house union cultto follow. through?Whydopollsindicatethatamajor- If Macron were Irish, he might be ahy- chase women. Asked what has been the leader,tellsmeon thephone whenhe refus- ity consider Macronthe “president of the bridofPresident Michael DHigginsand “greatest trial” of being in office, the es to come to the gate to talk to me. rich”? Taoiseach Leo Varadkar: part poetic intel- French president said he has “measured “He’s aright-wing guy. Everything for Image For one reason,the advisersays. “Hewas lectual, rooted in left-wing Christianity and theweightandthesolitudeandtheendofin- the rich. Nothing for the poor,” Sibylle (39), And attempts to control the president’s im- an investment banker. What’s more, at fascinatedby ideas; partdynamicyoung lib- nocence” that come with power. an assembly line worker says as she arrives age can be counterproductive.The novelist Rothschild; the most symbolic bank in the eral, determinedtomake the economy “Idonotthinkitisatrial,”Macroncontin- for the 1pm shift. She’ll benefit fromMa- Emmanuel Carrère was given exclusive ac- world. For many people, that proves his flourish. ued. “The French haveauthorisedmetodo cron’s investment in training for the job- cesstothepresidentandfirstlady.Intwoin- competence.The thing thatmakes himhat- When Christian Monjou was Macron’s what Icommitted to do. One thing is cer- less, but she isn’t convinced.“Training is terviews withMacron, there was “one real- edbysome is the reasonwhyhe is respected teacher at Henri IV, he saysMacrontalked tain. There is no respite, which may explain fine and dandy, butthereare no jobs.” ly strong,beautifulsentence”,Carrère byothers.” alot about the Fabians, the centre-left Brit- why Isometimeslook pale.Ido not feel au- After lunch in asimple bistro, Macron’s wrote in the Guardian.“And thisreally BecauseMacronworkedforfouryearsas ish intellectuals who founded the London thorisedtoenjoy any formofleisure. Itake father Jean-Michel guides me through a strong, really beautiful sentence was off the an investment banker, “everythinghedoes School of Economics. The Fabiansbelieved time to reflect. Ireadand write.But in the maze of streets under construction, to the record. In its place Iwas given permission that is perceived as right-wing or for the in “theinevitabilityofgradualness, the idea timeswe livein,thereisnoroomforrespite. music conservatory where his son studied to useaperfectly dull, perfectly formatted rich is blown out of proportion”,the adviser that everything that is gradual you won’tbe That may be the trial of power, though I pianofornineyears.Whenhefailedthecon- variant.” says. ableto go backon,” Monjousays.“It is total- don’t liveitassuch.There is undeniably a servatory exam after his firstyear, Ma- In the course of aday in PresidentMa- “And everything he does for the under- ly anti-French,with our tradition of revolu- form of asceticism.” cron’smothertoldhisbiographerAnneFul- cron’shometown, there is not asingle pho- privileged, that wouldbeseen as left-wing, tion,not evolution. Macron sees his rise to powerasthe re- da, the boy insisted on having the same ex- tograph of him to be seen. is discounted. It’s aproblemofperception.” “Frenchpolitical lifeissaturatedinideol- sult of atroubled epoch. “I don’tforget aminer the second year, an early sign of his Brigitte Fouré, the city’smayor,tells me Opinionpolls can be read two ways.An ogy,” Monjou continues.“WithMacron, where Icome from and why Iamhere to- determination to convince. He playedwell, the poverty rate is two percentage points Ifop-Fiducial poll published on April 10th there is somethingyou might call empirical day,”hesaid.“Iamthefruit ofaformof bru- ProfMacronrecalls,masteringBach’sdevil- higherthan the national average, and gaveMacron a55per cent approvalrating, or pragmatic.It’s familiar to an Anglo-Sax- tality in history,ofabreak-in,because ishlydifficult GoldbergVariations. 80 per centofinhabitants qualify for social highfor France, 11 months intoapresiden- on, but it stands out in France. Isuspect this France was unhappy and uneasy.IfIforget ProfMacron gives me the addressofthe housing. Amiens is divided between disad- cy. But aBFM poll published four days later slightly Anglo-Saxon approach may come that for one moment, it will be the begin- modest, two-storeybrick bungalow where vantaged north and middle-class south. It showedthat44 percentofvotersare“disap- from listening to me for three years.” ning of the trial.” THE IRISH TIMES 2 News Review Saturday,November 18,2017

■ The ‘Jungle’ in Calais. The first 80 Nasser students were taken from the camp in Nasser Muhanna(43), from Sudan, is one October 2016 and they were joined by 51 FROM CAMP of the oldestformer inhabitants of the Jun- more students last month. gle admitted to Lille university. He holds Clockwise from left: Zahra Alizada (19) degreesinagronomy and computer pro- was one of six migrant women students gramming from the University of Khar- admitted this year. Zahra and her sister toum,andworkedas anaccountantandhu- Masomah (20) are famous in TO CAMPUS: man resources supervisor in Saudi Arabia Afghanistan and minor celebrities in for14years. northern France, as “the Bicycle Nasser was imprisoned in Sudan for op- Sisters”; Mohammad Nihan (26); posing the regime of Gen Omar al-Bashir. Naqeeb Sadat (23) and friend; Nasser WhenSaudi Arabia concluded an agree- Muhanna (43). STUDENTS ment with Sudan, his Saudiemployersbe- MAIN PHOTOGRAPH:NURPHOTO VIA GETTY IMAGES came frightened and terminated his con- tract. He obtainedatourist visatoItaly, took acommercial flight to Rome, then world championship qualifying race in made his way by train to Calais. Albi, France, in 2016, they werethreat- FROM THE “Such things should not exist in this day ened by the Taliban. The “bicycle sisters” and age,” Nassersays of the Jungle. “Peo- are living in Evariste-Galois while they ple lost their morals. They raped and killed learn French and train for the 2020 Tokyo andset fires. There was no security. It was Olympics. full of disease. Itried many times to cross ‘JUNGLE’ to the UK, but Ifinally told myself, ‘This is not the way Iwant to live.Iam educated Atinyexample and Idon’t have to live in the UK. It is stu- Theprogramme in Lille was initiallyareac- pid to put myself in such danger.’” tiontothe publication of theheartbreak- More than two-thirds of the 80 mem- ingphotographof three-year-oldAlanKur- In 2016 Lille university invited migrants in the ‘Jungle’ bers of last year’s classobtained refugee di, aSyrian Kurdishrefugee who drowned status. Nasser is in limbo whileheappeals on abeach in Turkey in September 2015. encampment to enrol. Is the experiment working? anegative decision.“You can do nothing Because of the proximity of the Jungle, here without papers,” he says. just 120km away, professors at Lille felt Whilehis appeal is pending, Nasser con- personallyimplicated. Camille Masse, tinues studyingcomputer science. “I’m now head of international relations for the the only refugee in my class. The other stu- university, and GiorgioPasserone, profes- litical asylum. Already fluentinEnglish, dents are very nice to me. We laugh and sor of Italian literature, organised forums he learned French quickly. jokealot.” He misseshis wifeand three on the migrant crisis in the autumn of 2015 Maya Konforti, avolunteer with the Au- children in Sudan, and hopes they will join and spring of 2016. They invited migrants bergedesMigrantsNGO,was amotherfig- him one day in France. About half the mi- to the second forum. ure to the lost souls of the camp. She put grant studentshave enrolledinapro- Beforetheyknewthecampwould bedis- Mohammad in touch with the programme gramme that matches them with French mantled,the Lille professors envisioned in Lille. He intends to write his master’s families, who invite them homeonholi- an exchange. Migrantsfrom the camp thesis on “international solidarity in time days and weekends. wouldbebroughtto thecampus,while stu- Lara Marlowe of crisis”. After he graduates next June, he dents from Lille would teach in the camp. inLille wants to become ahumanitarian worker. Under fire for the brutalevacuation of mi- “I want to help people,” Mohammad ex- Naqeeb grantsfromtheJungle, theFrenchgovern- plains. “I have almost reached my goal.” Baby-facedNaqeeb Sadat(23), from Nan- ment embraced the university’s pro- He takes in his stride the bureaucracy that gahar,Afghanistan, isstudyingFrench,sci- gramme. They were, Passerone says, ex- paralysessome of hisfellowstudents. “The enceand mathematics.He wasteachinglo- ploited for government propaganda. even women and 124 men from French put up with it too,” he shrugs. cal policemen in Afghanistan to use com- “The government boasts that it has wel- adozen countries survived the puters when his brother-in-law, acom- comed migrant students to our university, Calais“Jungle” and other refu- mander in the police force, was assassinat- but they’reatinyminority,” saysJudith gee encampments to enrol as Abuelgassim ed by the Taliban. Hayem, aprofessor of anthropology and Sfull-timestudents attheUniver- “I knew Iwas next,” saysSadat.“They self-described militant for the migrant About50of theoriginal80 students areSu- sity of Lille. The first 80 were taken direct- danese. Adozen are Afghan, five are Irani- thought Iwas aspy.”Heflew to Tehran, cause. “Themajority are still sleeping un- ly fromthe “Jungle” whenitwas disman- an, four Pakistaniand threeSyrian. This thenpaid smugglers to bring him to Eu- der bridges in Paris, or being denied show- tledinOctober2016.They werejoinedby year, the prefecture insisted on abroader rope. “Every border has aprice,” he says. ers and food in Calais, wherethey’re driv- 51 new migrant students last month. selection of nationalities. “Itwas very, very cold when Iarrived in en out with tear gas. The government uses Thanks to the generosity of afew profes- LikeMohammadtheAfghan,Abuelgas- Calais,”Sadat recalls.“Avolunteer called the university programme to make people sorsandhumanitarianworkers,theexperi- sim(25),fromDarfur,is alesson intheben- Aice gave me asmall tent. We had prob- forget how violently migrants are treated mentisaglimmerof hope in theoften trag- efits of apositiveattitude.Hefled the war lemswith food, withclothes,withshowers. elsewhere.” ic migrant saga. in southern Sudan in 2015, crossed the Everythingwasaproblem.Thepolice were Some 700 migrants still sleep rough in Mediterraneanand wasfingerprintedinIt- cruel. Itried to cross [the Channel]every Calais every night. They are not allowed to aly and Germany, which ordinarily would day,and theysprayed us with teargas.” build anew camp. The French council of havepreventedhim seeking asylum in One night, Sadat was one of five mi- state and the UN in recentmonthsexhort- Mohammad France. grants hiding in acontainer lorry in apark- ed French authoritiestostop their “inhu- MohammadNihan (26), is the success sto- The prefecturemade an exceptionfor ing lot. “Police burst in and started beating man and degrading treatment”. ry of thepilot programme. The son of aciv- the inhabitants of the Jungle, waiving the us,”hesays.“Iclimbed out the hatch and I Emmanuelle Jourdan-Chartier is the il servant in Kabul, he will this year com- rulethatthosefingerprintedinothercoun- jumped to the ground. Isprained my ankle vice-president for student life at Lille III. plete amaster’s degree in political science. tries must return there to apply for asy- so badly that Ithought it was broken. I “An asylum seeker belongs to the state,” papers if you were going to treat us like “People have to stop seeing migrants as a Mohammad studied business in Kabul. lum, as specified in the Dublin II conven- couldn’t move. Ishouted in English, ‘I says Maya Konforti. “And the state does this? Iwish the French government would problem,”she says. “Diversity is always a The US embassy sent him twice to the tion. can’t walk. Please help. Please take me to what it wants with him.” takeback my papersand letme gotoanoth- source of enrichment.” Jourdan-Chartier AsianYouth Congressin Pakistan.That in- By the timeAbuelgassim arrived at the the doctor’, and the police came and beat er country.” believes the vast majority of the spiredhim to foundanassociation to fight PortedelaChapelleencampmentinnorth- me even more.” Afew weeks ago, Adoma, the housing 70,000-strong university’s staff and stu- drugs in Afghanistan, where opium pop- ern Paris, he was weak and feverish. Other One of Sadat’s friends diedwhenhefell Shahram authority that lodges migrants, tried to ex- dents support the programme. She dis- pies and heroin are the mainstay of the Sudanese advised him to continue to Cal- from thetop of amoving lorry.Another,an Shahram (22) is the son of afarmer from pel several students from the Evariste Ga- misseshate speech on far right-wingweb- economy. ais, where he could at least find atent, food Afghan who ran ashop in the Jungle,was Logar, Afghanistan, who like Mohammad lois dormitory. Second-year students are sites as “a few people sittingbehind their AfghandruglordsthreatenedtokillMo- and medical care. attacked by vigilantes and thrown into a andSadat fled the depredations of radical required topay rent, and Adoma needed to computers”. hammad. After encouraging his associa- “Life in the Jungle was hard, but not river,where hisbody wasfound20 dayslat- Islamists. Everything is difficult for him, make space for new arrivals.Pro-refugee The ill-treatmentofmigrantsinCalais, tion, the Americans couldn’t protect him. bad, because Ibegan learning French er. “The night Ifell off the truck, Ithought starting with the French language.“If you groups organised protests on campus, and and the fact that the prefecture no longer In 2015, he fledKabul,bycommercial there,” Abuelgassim says. “From the mo- thegang that attacks refugees would come don’t speak French,you can’t do any- theuniversity mediated atemporary solu- allows “Dublined” students to enter the flight to Tehran, then overland to Europe. ment Iarrived in France, Iwanted to make and killme… How can it be thatsome thing,”he says.He wantsto becomeamedi- tion.But Shahramremainsangryand inse- programme, has led to allegationsofa “Iheardaboutthefiresin theCalaisJun- my life here. Ispent all day every day in the French people want to help you, and some cal doctor, but administrators say he’ll cure. He swears: “I’m going to learn crackdown by President Emmanuel Ma- gle when Iwas in aclosed camp in Serbia,” école des Dunes [a makeshift school built want to kill you?” have to lower his ambition. French and go to medical school. Then I cron’s administration. Mohammadrecalls. He was perhapsthe by NGOs], and Imet alot of teachers and Like othersurvivors of the camp, Sadat Shahram doesn’tunderstand why his will go back to Afghanistan and Iwill never “We’veadopted amilitant political posi- only one of nearly 10,000 migrants in Cal- volunteers.” was thrilled to receive akey to his own benefits suddenly dropped from ¤350 a set foot in Europe again.” tion,” says Prof Passerone, who wants ais who went there expressly, not in the Abuelgassim was not part of the initial room in the Evariste-Galois dormitory last month to ¤200. He shows me aletter from equal rights for all migrants in France. De- hope of reaching the UK, but to help fellow intake of 80 students, and spent the past year. But he remains suspicious of acoun- French authorities demanding his 2016 in- spite its negativeaspects, the Jungle was refugees. yearat arefugeecentre in theFrenchAlps, trywhosetreatmentofmigrantsissoerrat- cometax return–anabsurdrequestofami- Zahra “anexperimentinunprecedented relation- On arriving in the Jungle, Mohammad where he continued to study withvolun- ic. grant who was expelled from the Jungle Outside the Ulysses Cafeonthe campus, ships between volunteers, associations volunteered to workasatranslator in the teers from Secours Catholique. His Hisbiggest battlenow iswith bureaucra- late last year. we meetZahra Alizada (19) one of six mi- and refugees”, he says. “Wecreated asort camp’sclinic.“It was veryhard to livein French is now better than his English, and cy. “You have appointments every day “Theway theytreated the refugeesin grantwomenstudents admittedthisyear. of alliance, anew way of living together.” the Jungle,” he recalls. “It was filthy. The he is proud to have scored A++ on arecent withthe PôleEmploi [unemployment Calais –shame on the French president, Zahraand her sister Masomah (20) are fa- The Lille programme “is atiny example mafia preyed on people and police beat exam. agency], the CAF [housing authority], the shame on the British prime minister,” mous in Afghanistan and minor celebrities that has alot of problems, but it works”, themup.There weretraffickers,unaccom- “I have met many sympathique people prefecture, the immigration office…” Sa- Shahram says. in northern France. From the persecuted summarises MayaKonforti of the Auberge paniedminors,people separated from who helprefugees,” he says. “In dat says. “You don’tknow whatit’s for but Heis convinced that migrants are better Shia Muslim Hazara minority, they were des Migrants. “The refugees are thrilled to their families.” Secours Catholique hired Aix-les-Bains, families invited us into their theywantyou to go there. Tomorrow, I treatedin other European countries. “I am encouragedbytheir father to become cy- participate. They know they are lucky. But Mohammad and gave him aroom in Calais homes. They were like our families. For have aclass and an appointment at the forced to ask my familyinAfghanistanto clists. it’s only adrop of water, and we need an town. He applied for, and was granted, po- me, life is getting better and better.” same time. It’s not easy to study.” sendme money!”he laments.“Why giveus After placing second and third in a ocean.” / ,- / - 3Eåï×lEùi#Eù·íi íÿ·{ «

i’à«Òe Ò’Ö ««›ró «Òir֚S’Ò’Öà’¡rÖÀ_«¡ E²Ù¢p+yøÝ /«¦reù²‘Ûځwùùù ×v«`” °ïå×EŠv Eƒåv× ÷°¦E« l—vl LçL¢L­ ƒ° °÷—«Š Ó¦°`Ÿ—«ŠÔ ¿”°«v `E fL­p™pLçy f²ð¢p \ÙyL¡ pyLp¢²f¡ 'LÙL *LÙ¢²øy 7¦’«¦’ÖàÖ ñEÒ¦ E†E’¦Öà Îòr¦«º«U’_Ï –ª/EÖ–Ú «EÇ钡 Î0é’¡Ï 5«ÒÒE EÖ ºÒr֒ir¦à $E«¡’ #éÖr¦†E 5rÒr ’Ö ¦« ›r†E› «U™r_à’«¦ à« 5«ÒÒEf àr _E››ri r¡r҆r¦_ó «éÒà _E¦i’iEàr à« Eààr¡ºà à« ’›› àr Ò«›r ÖrÒð’_rÖ Uéà «ºrÒEàrÒ é¦† éº 7@   & 5”v 7/ ”EÛ`°«Û—Ûåv«å ù `E¦– “§ $Fjӓj ¿E—Š«vl ƒ°× #× /lv¦°«å å° $E°¦— #ïÛv«ŠE ¦—Š”å Vv E —öv ×våï׫ å° å”v ¿°Ûåi Š—öv« å”Eå å°lEù —ƒ åv v¿”°«v °¿v×Eå°×ۃ°× EåE °«—EÔÛ ¿E× —E¦v«å —Û lïv ”v ÷EÛ å”v —«lv¿v«lv«`v å”v ×v«`” v¦v׊v«`ù ¦vl—`E å° ¦vvå å°lEù å° lvVEåv å”v ¦°öv¦v«åÔÛ °×—Š—«E `”°—`vÅ `E `v«å×vi 3E¦ïi ”El «°å `E«l—lE`ù °ƒ °EÌ Ñ0ï—¦Ò ¦°`Ÿvlå”víí–ùvEז° l
ƒ×—`E« 5°××EEÛå”v ×vŠ—°«ÔÛ«v÷¿×vۖ $«›r†E›«UÖàE_›rÖ ÷°¦E«i å”v« ”ï«Š ï¿ °« ”v×i —lv«åÅ ƒ ”v ×v`v—övÛ v«°ïŠ” #× 5°××E Á  —Û «°å ƒE`—«Š E«ù EÛå v`v¦Vv× í¬å”Å ö°åvÛ å° Vv Û÷°×« —«i E `”E׊vÛ —« `°««v`嗰« ÷—å” #ïÛv«ŠEÔÛ ƒE¦— ù °VåE—«vl ƒ—öv–¦°«å” ¿° —å—`E ÛåE v¦Eåv EÛå Eïå嶺ÔÛ ƒE— vl —«lv¿v«l– å”v åE¿v ×v`°×l—«Š °ƒ å”v lvEl ÷— v«l E«li —« å”v°×ùi Û° å°° v«`v lחövi ¦vE«—«Š ”—Û `E«l—– ÷°¦E«ÔÛ lvÛ¿v×Eåv `E å° å”v ÷— å”v 3¿E«—Û” Š°öv׫¦v«åÔÛ lE`ù ”EÛ «° E¿¿E×v«å vŠE °V– 3v×ö—`v lÔE—lv ¦wl—`E v ïז ïÛv °ƒ l—×v`å ×ï v —« å”v ×vŠ—°«Å ÛåE` vÛÅ Šv«åv Eå å”v 3å×EÛV°ï׊ 𧻓övז @vÛåv×lEùi å”v vø— vl ƒ°×– >—å” E VE`ŸŠ×°ï«l —« EåE– ۗåù ”°Û¿—åE Eƒåv× ×v¿vEåvl lv– ¦v× EåE E« ¿×vۗlv«åi E× vÛ E« Vïۗ«vÛÛ E«l `ï åï×vi ”v —Û ¦E«lÛÅ /lv¦°«åi E««°ï«`vl ƒ×°¦ lvÛ`חVvl —« E =E«ŠïE×l—E °× å”v ƒ—×Ûå ¦—«ïåv E«l E v× —« ”—Û lv`—Û—°« å° «E¦v #× «v÷Û¿E¿v× EÛ Ñ¦°×v °ƒ E« E`– ”E ƒi å÷° °¿v×Eå°×Û ž°Ÿv Vv– 5°××E EÛ ”—Û Ûï``vÛÛ°×Å v —Û å—ö—Ûå å”E« E ¿° —å—`—E«ÒÅ v å÷vv« å”v¦Ûv övÛi —¦¿ ù—«Š å”v ƒ°ï×å” `E«l—lEåv å° Eå– ƒ°ï«lvl E ¿ïV —Û”—«Š ”°ïÛv å”Eå å”v `E v×i ÷”° ”EÛ Vvv« åv¦¿å å° ƒ— å”v ×° v ƒ° °÷—«Š lvl—`Eåvl å° å”v ÷°×Ÿ °ƒ EåE– ¿ E`vl °« ”° li ”El «°å”—«Š E ×vŠ—°«E v v`嗰« —« v`v¦– ¦°×v Ûvח°ïÛ å”E« ƒ ïÅ Ñ3”v å° l Vv× —« ÷”—`” ¿×°–—«lv¿v«l– ¦v ۔vÔÛ ÓŠ°—«Š å° l—vÔiÒ å”v ƒ—×Ûå v«`v¿E×å—vÛ÷°«EÛ —¦¦Ež°×—– ® «EÇ钡 °«v ÛEùÛÅ åùÅ 5”v 3¿E«—Û” žïl—`—E×ù ”EÛ 5«ÒÒEe ’Ö Ñ
”i ƒ°× Ûï×v ۔vÔÛ Š°—«Š å° åv× ¦ù ¦°å”v× ”vE×l —åi ۔v ÷EÛ ÷EÛ vƒå —« —«åv«Û—öv `E×vÅ 5”vù ® $E«¡’ #éÖr¦†E E¦i ¼›rའå÷—`v V °`Ÿvl #× /lv– r›r_à’«¦ ñ«é›i l—v Û°¦v lEùi å”EåÔÛ `v×åE—«Ò ۔EŸ—«ŠÅ 3”v `°ï l«Ôå Û vv¿Å l—l«Ôå åEŸv —å å° å”v ×vƒ×—Šv×Eå°× rÒ ºEÒr¦àÖf #隫›r E¦i ¦°«åÔÛ Eååv¦¿åÛ å° ƒE`v E« —«– r¦i E å”v Ûv`°«l °¿v×Eå°× ×v¿ —vÛi Vv– 3”v`°ï l«ÔåÛå°¿÷vv¿—«ŠÅ öv– —« å”v ¦°×åïE×ùi ÷”—`” ¦Elv «¦«Ò’¦rÀ /&5&1
/3e övÛå—åï×v ÛvÛۗ°« ƒ×°¦ EƒE×i EÛ ’ðr‘¡«¦à ƒ°×v åEŸ—«Š å”v `E Å 5”v vø– ×ù 嗦v ÷v —Ûåv«vli —å ÷EÛ —Ÿv å”v Eïå°¿Ûù l—ƒƒ—`ï åÅÒ #73$

# @Ü
51$ 
$Ü ÷v EÛ å”v `E«l—lE`—vÛ °ƒ °×– ÖàE›r¡Eàr `”E«Šv ÷—å” #ïÛv«ŠE EÛåÛ °«v ”vEח«Š $E°¦— l—v 5”v ”°Û¿—åE l—l «°å åE Ÿ å°
/f 1 1  &1$Ü
/Ü55@ l— 5ï×ï E«l °×l— 3L«`”výi ¦—«ïåv E«l íÿ Ûv`°«lÛi E«l —å —Û EŠE—« Å Å Å $E°¦— ÷EÛ E Š×vEå å”vƒE¦— ùï«å— E÷vvŸ Eƒåv×E °– V°å” °ƒ ÷”° E×v —« ¿×—Û°«Å `”— —«ŠÅ #ïÛv«ŠE ÷”—¦¿v×Û Š—× i Ûå×°«Š E«l `°ï×EŠv°ïÛÅ `E «v÷Û¦EŠEý—«vivVÔl—i¿ïV– ƒ#×5°××EƒE— Û å°÷—«E«EV– E«– E«ŠïEŠv Eï唰×Ûi E«l ƒE—«å ù E«l ÷—å” l—ƒƒ—`ï åùh 3”v ÷E«åvl å° Š° VE`Ÿ å° —Û”vl å”v Ûå°×ù °«
¿×— íßå”Å ÷°×Ÿvl °× vø”EïÛåvli Vïå ۔v Û° ïåv ¦Ež°×—åù —« å”v ÷×°åv «°«–ƒ—`嗰« V°°ŸÛÅ #× Ñv ¿ ¦vi #ElE¦vÅ v ¿ ¦vÅÒ 5”v ”°Û¿—åE ”El ×vƒïÛvl å° E«– ”El žïÛå ×våï׫vl ƒ×°¦ E ƒ—×Ûå–×°ï«l ö°åv —« å”v ¿E× —E– 5°××EÔÛ —«övÛå—åï×v ÷°ï l ¿×v– Ñ>”EåÔÛ Š°—«Š °«ÍÒ å”v °¿vז ÷yÙú 癨y øy Û÷v× ÌïvÛ嗰«Û ƒ×°¦ å”v «v÷Û å÷°–÷vvŸ ”° —lEùÅ 3”v l—l «°å ¦v«åi ”v ÷— ƒE`v E Ûv`°«l– öv«å «v÷ v v`嗰«Ûi ÷”—`” E×v Eå°× Û«E¿ÛŠу ù°ï l°«Ôå åv ¦v ¦EŠEý—«vÅ l—Û¿ïåv å”v ×v`°×l—«Ši °× å”v ×°ï«lVE °å°« #°«lEùi«vvl– lïv —ƒ E EåE E« ¿×vۗlv«å —Û ÷”EåÔ۔E¿¿v«—«Ši Ô ”E«Š ï¿ÅÒ ¢™Ýçy­ypm ™ç Ñ5”vù ŠEöv ¦ù lEåv× å”v ”E«l÷חååv« «°åv °« å”v ”°Û¿—– —«Š °« ù E ۗ¦¿ v ¦Ež°×—åùÅ «°å —« ¿ E`v Vù #Eù íí«lÅ Ñv ¿ ¦v #ElE¦vÅ  ”ï×å Û° øLÝ ¢™¡y –yLٙ­ ×ï«E×°ï«li E«l Eƒåv× Û”v l—vl åE ÔÛ El¦—Ûۗ°« ۔vvåh Ñ3E¦ï °÷vöv×i ÷”— v ”v `°ï l VElÅÒ +L²¨™ p™y LL™­Ç å”vù ŠEöv ïÛ å”v ×ï«E×°ï«liÒ Evliå° l”v×å° `E 3&3 #w– /钆ir¡«¦à v«l EåE °«—EÔÛ v«Šå”ù ¿° —å—– Ñ3° `E ù°ï× l°`å°×Å &ŸEùÅ :–yÕÕ øLÝ L ÙyLç ™Ù¢ #× #ïÛv«ŠE ÛE—lÅ Ñ5”vù lv`—«Û E«l ”ï«Š ï¿ÅÒ « ”—Û E««°ï«`v¦v«åi ¦Elv `E ÛåE v¦Eåvi 𧻓°«—Ûå ¿E×å—vÛ &× `E 3&3 #wlv`—«ÛÅÒ ¦°`Ÿvl ïÛi å”v ÷Eù å”vù 5”v ”vElÛ °ƒ å÷° «E嗰«E Eۖ ö—E E ö—lv° ¦vÛÛEŠvi #× /– Ûvv ”—¦ EÛ E ¿×°ö°`Eå—öv Ñ `E«ÔåÅÒ ¦°`Ÿvl ¦ù lEåv×ÅÒ Û°`—E嗰«Û °ƒ v¦v׊v«`ù ¦vl—– lv¦°«å å”E«Ÿvl #× 5°××E ƒ°× `”°—`vÅ
Vv×å 1—öv×Ei vElv× Ñ@°ï `E«ÔåÍ &” «°Å @°ï `E« Û`”°° Å 3”v ÷EÛ ×E—Û—«Š ”v× —å– ”×—Ûå°¿”v Eïå—v×i å”v l—– `E ¿v×Û°««v ”Eöv ×vÌïvÛåvl E ”—Û Ñvƒƒ°×åÛ E«l ÛE`חƒ—`v —« E`– °ƒ å”v —ïlElE«°Û ¿E×åùi lv– `E å”v ƒ—×v lv¿E×å¦v«åi Vïå å vlEåv×E °«vÅ >vl°«Ôå 𥳐 ×v`å°× °ƒ 3å×EÛV°ï׊ ”°Û¿—åE Ûi ¦vv嗫Š ÷—å” å”v ”vE å” ¦—«—Û– `v¿å—«Š å”—Û ¿°Ûå —« vøå×v¦v Û`חVvl #× 5°××E EÛ ÑE øv«°– ù°ï `E«ÔåÅÒ lv×ÛåE«l ”°÷ ۔v l—vl —« °«v ÛE—l å”v °¿v×Eå°× ”El ·ÿ ùvE×ÛÔ åv× å° l—Û`ïÛÛ ÷”Eå å”vù ` E—¦ —Û `—×`ï¦ÛåE«`vÛ —« EåE °«—EÒÅ ¿”°V—`i ×El—`E ¿v×Û°«i ÷”° ÑÔ¦ Š°—«Š å° l—vÅÒ lEùÅÒ vø¿vחv«`vi E«l ”El ÷°×Ÿvl °« ï«lv×ÛåEƒƒ—«Š °ƒ v¦v׊v«`ù #× /lv¦°«å E Û° vø– l°vÛ«Ôå ×vÛ¿v`å å”v EåE E« Ñ@vÛiù°ïÔ×vŠ°—«Šå°l—vÅ vז 5”v ¿°Û喦°×åv¦ ÷EÛ ¿vז E« E¦Vï E«`v ƒ°× íÿ ùvE×Û Vv– `E `v«å×vÛÅ ¿ E—«vl ”v ¿ E«Û å° ×v¦E—« å”v ¦Ež°×—åù °× 3¿E«—Û” ¿v°¿ vÒÅ åE—« ùÅ &«v lEùÅ —Ÿv vöv×ù°«vÅ °¿v«vl E« —«övÛ嗊E嗰« ƒ°× °« 5”ï×ÛlEùÅ Ñ>v ÷E«å žïÛå—`v ƒ°×¦vl °« E«ïE×ù ç×li ƒ—öv ƒ°×v å”EåÅ Ñ3”v —Û öv×ù ï¿Ûvåi #ïÛv«ŠEÔÛ lvEå” ”EÛ ×vö—övl —«åv׫E嗰«E ö°—`v°ƒå”v EåE– /ח¦v¦—«—Ûåv×#EחE«°1E– @°ï `E 3&3 #wlv`—«ÛÅ åÔÛ ÿç уE— ï×vå°EÛۗÛåE¿v×Û°« —«lE«– å° Vv l°«vÅ 5”Eå —Û °ï× ƒ—×Ûå `°«– lEùÛ Eƒåv× #ïÛv«ŠEÔÛ lvEå”Å å —Ÿv E °ƒ ïÛiÒ ”v ÛE—lÅ å”v `EÛv °ƒ #Eø—¦v =E« vז E«Š°öv׫¦v«åi÷”— v #×5°×– ž°ù ÛE—l ”v ÷EÛ ÷— —«Š å° åE Ÿ {{ ß ß ß i °ŸEùÍÒ Šv×Ò E«l #ïÛv«ŠEÔÛ ƒE¦— ù ”v l `v׫ ƒ°× å”—Û `”— l ÷”° vöv×ù– ×v`°×lvl å”Eå ”v× °×ŠE«Û ÷v×v å×ïùi ÷”° l—vl °ƒ E ¦EÛۗöv ×Ei —ƒ —«övÛåvli ÷°ï l °öv×Ûvv å° E «v÷ EåE E« ¿×vۗlv«åi EÛ Ñ/ vEÛvi #ElE¦vÅ v ¿ ¦vÅÒ E ¿×vÛÛ `°«ƒv×v«`vÅ °«v °övliÒÛE—l”v× ƒEå”v×i/° ù– ї« E« ElöE«`vl ÛåEåv °ƒ ¿ïå×v– ¦àrÒ¦E›’¦ðrÖà’†Eà’«¦ ”vE×å EååE`Ÿ E lv`Elv EŠ°i å”v ×vŠ—°«ÔÛ —«åv׫E EƒƒE—×ÛÅ °«Š EÛ å”v E÷ ÷EÛ °VvùvlÅ å å°°Ÿ #ïÛv«ŠE ƒ—öv ”°ï×Û å° vE å” ¦—«—Ûåv×
Š«zÛ `E׿v #ïÛv«ŠEÅ ƒE`嗰«Ò E«l å”Eå ۔v l—vl °ƒ Eïå—v×ÛE—lå”v ”°Û¿—åE Ôۗ«åvז ÷”v« ”v ÷EÛ íçÅ =E« v×å×ïùÔÛ >—å” å”v VE`Ÿ—«Š °ƒ #× /ï– ïå ”v E Û° —ÛÛïvl E ÷E׫—«Š ×vE`” 3&3 #wlv`—«Ûi ÷”° Ûv«å ïýù«ÛE—l ۔v ÷EÛ Ñ¿×°ƒ°ï«l ù Ñ>”Eå Ÿ— vl ¦ù lEåv×ÍÒ Ñ¦ï 嗿 v °×ŠE« ƒE— ï×v Eƒåv× «E —«övÛ嗊E嗰«—Û —Û vE«—«Š 尖 `°¦¿E«—°« ¿ vElvl ƒ°× E« E¦– —Šlv¦°«åÔÛ 5°Švå”v× ƒ°× EåE– EV°ïå å”v ïÛv °ƒ E×å—` v · °ƒ E« E¦Vï E«`vÅ 3”v l—vl —« ”°Û– —«l—Š«E«å Eå å”v `—×`ï¦ÛåE«`– E۟vl EV ù«v #ïÛv«ŠEi E ¿×°– ¦EÛۗöv ”Ev¦°×הEŠvÒÅ ÷E×lÛ Ñ¿v×Û°«E ƒEï åÒÅ El å”v Vï E«`v ÷”— v ”v Û`×vE¦vl —« °«—E Áø Eå `°E —å—°« E«l å”v å”v `°«Ûå—åï嗰«i ÷”—`” E – ¿—åE i ภ”°ï×Û Eƒåv× `E —«Š vÛÒ °ƒ #ïÛv«ŠEÔÛ lvEå” E«l Eۖ ƒvÛۗ°«E `E×vŠ—öv×Å Ñ>”ù ÷EÛ«Ôå å”v Eïå°¿Ûù °¿v×Eå°× °VÛv×övl ÛåE«lE×l EŠ°«ùÅ ÑåÔÛ žïÛå E ۗlv–E`”vÅ EåE E« 1v¿ïV —`E« vƒå °÷vl”—ÛŠ°öv׫¦v«å 尗«å×°– 3E¦ïÅ Ûï×vl å”v ƒE¦— ù °ƒ Ѧù å°åE åå°°Ÿ÷vvŸÛå° °VåE—«å”v×v– l°«v —« 嗦vÍ >”ù l—l å”vù ¿×°`vlï×vi ۔v ÷°ï l ”Eöv —öv ”—¦ E« EÛ¿—×—«i ¿ïå ”—¦ —« Á1 Âi å”v Ûï``vÛÛ °ƒ #× 5°×– lï`v l—×v`å ×ï v —« EåE °«—E #ïÛv«ŠEÔÛ lvEå” Vv`E¦v E Ûï¿¿°×åÒÅ `°×l—«Ši Vïå °ïE«Šv #ïÛv«– vEöv ¦ù lEåv×ÔÛ V°lù å° å×E«Ûƒv××vl å”v `E å° E l°`å°×Å å”v `E× E«l Vח«Š ”—¦ å° å”v ×EÔÛ —«övÛå—åï×v V—l —Û —Ÿv ù å° E«l÷”—`”—Û vø¿v`åvlå°Vv —ƒå– «E嗰«E Û`E«lE å”—Û ÷vvŸi 5”v ƒE¦— ù ÷v×v ÛEl E«l l—Š– ŠEi å”v ۗÛåv× °ƒ å”v lv`vEÛvli ×°åÍÒ /° ù`E׿v #ïÛv«ŠE «—å—E Û¿v`ï E嗰« ÛvÛåvl v¦v׊v«`ù ×°°¦iÒ å”v 3E¦ï ”—«Šv °« å”v ö°åvÛ °ƒ å”v /°¿ï– vl °«`v E «v÷ ×vŠ—°«E El¦—«– ÷”v« å”v 3å×EÛV°ï׊ åחVï«E «—ƒ—vl Eå å”v—× ¿×vÛÛ `°«ƒv×v«`v ÷EÛ ×v ï`åE«å å° —Ûåv« å° —åÅ Ñ
ƒ– E۟vlÅ Ñ#ù lEåv×ÔÛ V°lù ۔v ¦—Š”å ”Eöv Vvv« °övז l°`å°× å° l ”v×Å E× 7«—åù E«l—lE`ù Á 7/ÂÅ —Ûå×E嗰« —Û —« ¿ E`vÅ

²Ý­™L­ *ðÝ¢™¨ ¢yLpyÙ 6y­L¢ç™yÝ ðٍyp †²Ù ð­LÙú py†y­pÝ Ùp²L­ÖÝ :LÙL y÷² y¢yf癲­ ÙL¢¢ú L­p 6²¢L­p ²÷yÙ Ùy†ðyy ™ÝÝðy /
51 3#@5
$ #_
7 $
ƒåv× l—Û`ïÛۗ«Š å”v 5ïן– “§ œ¬Ós§`s —Û” vElv×ÔÛ ¿ E«Û ÷—å” vז °Û«—E« #ïÛ —¦ vElv× EŸ—× ¦E« `”E«`v °×
«Šv E #vז 7 ÛåEåvÛ Ûï`” EÛ 響E×ù E«l ývåVvŠ°ö—` ”EÛ Ûå×°«Š ù lv– Ÿv °« >vl«vÛlEùi #× ývåVv– /° E«l å”Eå ×vƒïÛvl å° ¿E×å—`—– ƒv«lvl 5ïן—Û” ¿×vۗlv«å 1v– Š°ö—` ÛE—lh Ñ l°«Ôå Ûvv ÷”ù å”v ¿Eåv —« ×v °`E嗫Š ×vƒïŠvvÛ `v¿ 5Eùù—¿ ×l°ŠE«ÔÛ ¿ E« å° ö—Û—å ۔°ï lVv `°«å×°öv×ۗE —« ƒ×°¦ °öv×÷”v ¦vl ƒ×°«å —«v ”° lE«v v`嗰« ×E ù—«3E×Ežv– vצE«ùÅ #vןv E«l ז ÛåEåvÛ Ûï`” EÛ ×vv`v E«l åE ù ö° å”—Û ¦°«å”i Eƒåv× Ûvöv×E l°ŠE« E×v «°å V°ÛÛvÛ —« °Û– ۔°ï l ƒE`v ƒ—«E«`—E ¿v«E å—vÛi 7 `°ï«åחvÛ VE««vl Ûï`” «—E Å Å Å å”vù E×v ÷v `°¦vÅÒ å”v ×vvŸ ¿×vۗlv«å E«l E `E¦¿E—Š« vöv«åÛÅ 5ïןvù —Û E ×vÛï׊v«å v`°– ƒ°×¦v× åE —E« ¿×—¦v ¦—«—Ûåv× #× ×l°ŠE« —«åv«lÛ å° El– «°¦—`i l—¿ °¦Eå—` E«l `ï åïז å° l E `°«ƒv×v«`v —«  °×v«`v l×vÛÛ ¦v¦Vv×Û °ƒ å”v 5ïן—Û” E ƒ°×`v —« å”v E ŸE«Ûi ùvÛåv×lEùÅ l—EÛ¿°×E ƒ×°¦ E×°ï«l ï×°¿v Û÷Eå”vÛ °ƒ ÷”—`” ÷v×v ×ï vl åE —E« Ûv«Eå°× #Eח° #°«å— —« °Û«—EÔÛ `E¿—åE °« #Eù ƒ°× `v«åïחvÛ Vù &åå°¦E«Ûi ÛE—l —å ÷EÛ ×—Š”å å”Eå Ñ`°«l—å—°«– íÿå”i å° ×E ù Ûï¿¿°×å Vvƒ°×v ÷”° E×v Eïlvl Vù å”v —«`×vEۖ E —åùÒ —« 7 ƒï«l—«Š Ñvøåv«lÛ ï«v íˆå” v v`嗰«Û E«l lvƒù —«Š ù Eïå°`×Eå—` #× ×l°ŠE«Å å° ÷”vå”v× `°ï«åחvÛ åEŸv 7 l—ÛE¿¿×°öE EÛ
«ŸE×E vø– >”— v `v¦v«å—«Š ¿°÷v× Eå Ûvח°ïÛ ù Vï×lv«–Û”Eח«ŠÒÅ ïå ® rirҒ_E #«†rҒ¦’f ð’_r ºÒr֒ir¦à « àr éÒ«ºrE¦ ¿E«lÛ —åÛ —«ƒ ïv«`v —« å”v E – ”°¦vi ”—Û ×v E嗰«Û ÷—å” å”v ”v E`Ÿ«°÷ vlŠvl å”v l—ƒƒ—`ï åù «¡¡’Ö֒«¦f ’¦ ›«Òr¦_rÀ /&5&1
/e
7 & &=
$$$Ü/
ŸE«ÛÅ 7 ”Eöv Û°ï×vli ¿E×å—`ï E× ù °ƒ E¿¿ ù—«Š ÛE«`嗰«Û ÷”v« vצE«ù E«l å”v $vå”vז ï«E«—¦—åù ö°å—«Š E¿¿ —vli E«l E«lÛ `—åvl Ûv`ïחåù `°«`v×«Û å”Eå ÷EÛ E Š°°l `EÛv ƒ°× v«l—«Š ƒ—«E«`—E ÛE«`嗰«ÛÅ /v«E å—vÛ `°«Û—lv×vl EÛ ÷EùÛ °ƒ VחlŠ—«Š ÷”v« VE×ח«Š 5ïן—Û” ¿° —å—– ® «Ö¦’E¦ ï«E«—¦—åùÅ v «°åvl —×°«—`E ù ”Eöv E Û° Vvv« Elö°`Eåvl ƒ°× å”v ¿°Ûå– ×vø—å ƒï«l—«Š ŠE¿Å `—E«Û ƒ×°¦ `E¦¿E—Š«—«Š ƒ°× ºÒr֒ir¦à Eš’Ò å”—Û ÷EÛ Û°¦v唗«Š ×v E«l V×vE`” °ƒ ƒï«lE¦v«åE 7 #× #°«å—i ÷”° ÷EÛ ¿×—¦v EÛå ùvE×ÔÛ ×vƒv×v«lï¦ °« ÷ràUr†«ð’_e ï«lv×Ûå°°l —« ×v E嗰« å° öE ïvÛ —Ÿv å”v ×ï v °ƒ E÷Å ¦—«—Ûåv× °ƒ åE ù ƒ×°¦ íÿ·· å° V°°Û嗫Š å”v ¿°÷v× °ƒ 5ïז ÖE’i ΦÖr_éÒr åEøE嗰« ¿° —`ùÅ 5”vù ÷v×v Û¿vEŸ—«Š Eå E íÿ·çi ÛE—l å”Eå Ñ«vå `°«åחVï– ŸvùÔÛ ¿×vۗlv«åi ¿×°¦¿å—«Š «Ö¦’EšÖ i«¦Ïà ×vv`vÔÛ ¿×vۗlv«åi /×°Ÿ°¿—– ÛvÛۗ°« °ƒ å”v ï×°¿vE« å°×Û å° å”v 7 VïlŠvå —Ÿv #× ×l°ŠE« å° E``ïÛv å”v¦ °ƒ ›’šrÏ Òi«†E¦ °Û /Eö °¿°ï °Ûi ÛE—l Û° —lEחåù 7«—öv×ۗåù «Ûå—åïåvÔÛ Á7 vצE«ù E«l ×E«`v ÷v×v ïۗ«Š Ñ$Eý— ¦v唰lÛÒÞ EÛå ÷EÛ E ƒï«lE¦v«åE ¿×—«`—¿ v °ƒ Ñ3åEåv °ƒ å”v 7«—°«Ò `°«ƒvז lv —Š”åvl å° Ûï¿¿°×å ×v E«lÔÛ ¦°«å”i ”v ÛE—l
ïÛåחE ÷°ï l å”v 7ÔÛ vŠE °×lv× E«l å”Eå v«`vi ÷”—`” ÷EÛ lvVE嗫Š å”v lvöv °¿¦v«åi ùvå vÛÛ lv —Š”åvl Ñ¿Eù E ¿×—`vÒ ƒ°× —¦¿°Û—«Š E lïv å° åv«Û—°«Û °öv× å”v ×vƒï– ÑÛE«`嗰«Û ¦ïÛå Vv E¿¿ —vlÒÅ `°¦¦—Ûۗ°«ÔÛ ¿×°¿°Ûvl å”Eå ×v E«l ïÛvÛ —åÛ åEø —«Ûå×ï– Û—¦— E× VE«Å Švv `×—Û—Û E«l å”v E××vÛå E«l у å”v Û° —lEחåù —ÛÛïv —Û «°å ¦ï 嗖E««ïE VïlŠvå Á#ÂÅ ¦v«åÛ —« Ûï`” E ÷Eù å”Eå å”v—× Ñ/×vۗlv«å ×l°ŠE« —Û `°¦– ÛE`Ÿ—«Š °ƒ åv«Û °ƒ 唰ïÛE«lÛ °ƒ Ell×vÛÛvl ÷v ÷— «°å Vv EV v å° 5”v `°«ƒv×v«`v ÷EÛ å° l °ƒ `°¦¿E«—vÛ E×v lחöv« °ïå °ƒ —«Š Å Å Å °× Û°¦v ×vEÛ°«i 5ï×ŸÛ ƒ° °÷—«Š E ƒE— vl ï ù ÛEöv ï×°¿vÒ E«l å”v 3`”v«– å”v ×vÛï åÛ °ƒ `°¦¦—Ûۗ°«vl å”v—× ”°¦v `°ï«å×ùÒÅ ¦E«ù —« å”v >vÛå l°«Ôå —Ÿv íÿ·à `°ï¿i ÷”—`” #× ×l°ŠE« Šv« ¿EÛÛ¿°×喃×vv å×Eöv ÛùÛåv¦ ¿° —«Š °« Eåå—åïlvÛ å° å”v 7 /×°ƒ חlŠvå EƒƒE« °ƒ å”v 7&?(35 °ï× ƒ×—v«li E«l å”v×v E×v E V E¦vÛ °« 73–VEÛvl 5ïן—Û” `°ï l `° E¿Ûvi ”v ÛE—lÅ VïlŠvåÅ 5”vÛv ×vövE vl 7 ÛE—l ۔v ƒv å å”v `°¦¦—Û– «ï¦Vv× °ƒ —«Ûv`ï×v °Û«—EŸÛ ` vח` vå”ï E” ò v«Å 5”v ï×°¿vE« °¦¦—Ûۗ°« ¦Ež°×—å—vÛ —« å”v «vå `°«åחVï– Û—°«ÔÛ VïlŠvå ¿×°¿°ÛE ×v¿×v–           å”Eå l°«Ôå —Ÿv ”—¦iÒ ÛE—l #× « #E×`”i ƒ—öv 5ïן—Û” ”EÛ ¿×°¿°Ûvl E Ñ`°«l—å—°«E —– å°× ÛåEåvÛi ¦E—« ù «°×å”v׫i Ûv«åvl E Š°°l VE E«`vi ×vƒ v`å– ývåVvŠ°ö—`i å”v °Û«—E« #ïۖ åvE`”v×Û E«l E l°`å°× ÷”° E – åùÒ ` EïÛv ƒ°× å”v «vøå VïlŠvåi ƒEö°ïח«Š °÷v× 7 Û¿v«l—«Š ~ —«Š ¿° —å—`E ×vE —å—vÛ —« ×vE`”–           —¦ Á°× °Û«—EŸÂ ¦v¦Vv× °ƒ vŠvl ù Vv °«Š å° #× ò v«ÔÛ Vïå °«v å”Eå —¦—åÛ ÛE«`嗰«Û å° vצE«ù —Û å”v `°ï«åvח«å —«Š E `°«Ûv«ÛïÛÅ å ÷EÛ —¦¿°×– ”—Û `°ï«å×ùÔÛ åח¿E×å—åv ¿×vۗ– «vå÷°×Ÿ ÷v×v Ûv`×vå ù lv– `EÛvÛ ÷”v×v —å `E« Vv ۔°÷« å—öv vø`v¿å—°«Å >”v×vEÛi —« å”v åE«å å”Eå å”v 7 vø¿E«lÛ —åÛ    
    lv«`ùÅ åE—«vl—« °Û°ö°E«l lv¿°×åvl å”Eå å”v×v —Û «°å ¿×°¿v× ƒ—«E«– Û°ïå”i ¦Ež°×—å—vÛ ƒEö°ï×vl Û¿v«l—«Š °« ×vÛvE×`” E«l å° 5ïןvùÅ °Û°ö°ÔÛ ¿×—¦v `—E ¦E«EŠv¦v«å °ƒ 7 ¦°«vùÅ —«`×vEÛvl 7 Û¿v«l—«ŠÅ —««°öE嗰« E«l °« ù°ïå”
           
_’rðriΡ’ÒE_›rÖÏ ¦—«—Ûåv× 1E¦ï۔ E×El—«Ež ïå 唰Ûv ¿° vl å”װ°ïå ¿×°Š×E¦¦vÛÅ ƒ å”Eå ¦vE«å #× ×l°ŠE«ÔÛ 5ïןvù ”El lv«—vl Ÿ«°÷ vlŠv °ƒ å”—Û E«l 1é›r«›Eñ å”v 𧻓°« ÷v×v —« å”v ¦Ež°×—åù E``v¿å—«Š Û¦E `ïåÛ —« ƒEצ       E`”—vövl Ѧ—×E` vÛÒ lvÛ¿—åv ÛE`Ÿvl ”—Û —«åvח°× ¦—«—Ûåv× ×—å—`Û °ƒ å”v 響EחE«Û E«l v«å”ïۗEÛå—` EV°ïå å”v —lvE °ƒ E«l `°”vۗ°« Û¿v«l—«Ši Û° Vv —åŠї«åv׫E åv×װחۦi —«åv׫E E«l —«åv —Šv«`v `”—vƒÅ /° vÛ ÛEù å”vù E×v vø¿v`嗫Š Û¿v`—E 7 åEøvÛ lvۗŠ«vl å° Ñå —Û —¦¿°×åE«å å”Eå å”v 7 ÷E× E«l E 唰Ûv ÷E×Û åEŸ—«Š « ×vÛ¿°«Ûvi #× ×l°ŠE« Û° —lEחåù ƒ×°¦ °å”v×Û —« å”v Ûï¿¿°×å ¿E×å—`ï E× v`°«°¦—` Û¿v«lÛ ¦°×v °« ù°ï«Š ¿v°¿ v       ¿ E`v ` °Ûv å° —åÛ V°×lv×Ûi E ÛE—l #× E×El—«Ež ÷°ï l ÑE«– l—ÛVï×Ûv¦v«å °ƒ `°”vۗ°« ¿° —`—vÛÅ 5”vÛv ¦—Š”å —«` ïlv å”E« °« `°÷ÛiÒ Û”v ÛE—lÅ å”—Û ÷”— v `Eח«Š ƒ°× å”×vv ¦— – Û÷v×Ò ƒ°× ѿװåv`嗫Š åv×װז ƒï«lÛi Vïå «°å ÷— —«Š å° `E×V°« v¦—Ûۗ°« åEøvÛ °× vö—vÛ —°«×vƒïŠvvÛ Å Å Å >v ÷— ۔°÷ —ÛåÛÒ E«l ÷E׫vlh Ñ5”v °¿v×E– lv¦°«Ûå×Eåv —å —« E``v¿å—«Š °« å”v ¦Ež°× —«åv׫vå `°¦¿E– rUEàr «¦ éÒ«ºrÏÖ 7+( ,5,6+ 7,0(6 ”v ”EÛ ƒ×—v«lÛ ÷”° E×v ¿×°ïl 嗰«—« °Û°ö° ÷EÛ «°å å”v ƒ—×Ûå Vï×lv«–Û”Eח«Š °« ×vƒïŠvvÛi «—vÛ °× °« ƒ—«E«`—E å×E«ÛE`– éàéÒr ’Ö «¦›ó ÖàEÒà’¦†e °ƒ ”—¦iÒ #× ývåVvŠ°ö—` ÛE—lÅ E«l ÷— «°å Vv å”v EÛåÅÒ E«l å”Eå å”vù ۔°ï l ƒE`v 嗰«ÛÅ 3ï`” åEøvÛ E×v Vv—«Š &º’¦’«¦f ºE†r ²â