125 Jerky Recipes
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F Is for Flavor.Pdf
!! ™ This is an introductory version of Chef Jacob’s Culinary Bootcamp Workbook and F-STEP™ curriculum. You can download the complete curriculum here. 2 !! Third Edition Copyright © 2015 Jacob Burton All rights reserved. 3 4 !! WHAT IS F-STEP?!.....................................................................................11 F IS FOR FLAVOR!.....................................................................................13 UNDERSTANDING FLAVOR STRUCTURE! 14 What is flavor?! 14 Salty! 15 Sweet! 20 Sour! 21 Bitter! 22 Umami! 22 Umami Ingredient Chart! 26 Piquancy! 28 Flavor And Aroma! 28 The Importance Of Fat And Flavor! 29 Texture! 30 Tannins! 30 Flavor’s X Factor! 31 Preventing Palate Fatigue! 32 Delivering A “Flavor Punch”! 33 Using “Flavor Interruptions”! 33 CHOOSING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FLAVORS! 34 SELECTING NON SEASONAL INGREDIENTS! 35 Buying Spices! 35 Herbs! 36 Poultry! 37 5 Seafood! 37 Beef! 39 Pork! 41 GUIDE TO SEASONAL PRODUCE! 42 Winter! 42 December! 42 January! 44 February! 45 Spring! 46 March! 46 April! 47 May! 49 Summer! 49 June! 50 July! 50 August! 52 Fall! 54 September! 54 October! 55 November! 58 S IS FOR SAUCE!.......................................................................................60 CULINARY STOCKS! 62 Basic Recipe for Protein-Based Stocks! 63 SAUCE THICKENERS! 63 Roux! 64 6 !! Liaison! 65 Other Sauce Thickeners At A Glance! 66 The Three Modern Mother Sauces! 67 REDUCTION SAUCES! 67 Reduction Sauce Process! 69 Tips For Reinforcing Flavors! 70 Reduction Stage! 70 Tips For Reduction! 71 Pan Sauces! -
Salt Deposits in the UK
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NERC Open Research Archive Halite karst geohazards (natural and man-made) in the United Kingdom ANTHONY H. COOPER British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, Great Britain COPYRIGHT © BGS/NERC e-mail [email protected] +44 (-0)115 936 3393 +44 (-0)115 936 3475 COOPER, A.H. 2002. Halite karst geohazards (natural and man-made) in the United Kingdom. Environmental Geology, Vol. 42, 505-512. This work is based on a paper presented to the 8th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental impact of karst, Louisville, Kentucky, April 2001. In the United Kingdom Permian and Triassic halite (rock salt) deposits have been affected by natural and artificial dissolution producing karstic landforms and subsidence. Brine springs from the Triassic salt have been exploited since Roman times, or possibly earlier, indicating prolonged natural dissolution. Medieval salt extraction in England is indicated by the of place names ending in “wich” indicating brine spring exploitation at Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Droitwich. Later, Victorian brine extraction in these areas accentuated salt karst development causing severe subsidence problems that remain a legacy. The salt was also mined, but the mines flooded and consequent brine extraction caused the workings to collapse, resulting in catastrophic surface subsidence. Legislation was enacted to pay for the damage and a levy is still charged for salt extraction. Some salt mines are still collapsing and the re-establishment of the post-brine extraction hydrogeological regimes means that salt springs may again flow causing further dissolution and potential collapse. -
City of Bennington Ordinance Book
CITY OF BENNINGTON ORDINANCE BOOK Chapter I (1) ADMINISTRATION Article 1 City Elections Article 2 Governing Body Article 3 Officers and Employees Article 4 Oaths and Bonds Article 5 Municipal Court Article 6 Fire Department Organization Article 7 Recreation Commission Article 8 Capital Improvement Fund Article 9 Equipment Reserve Fund Article 10 Ambulance Service Organization Chapter II (2) ANIMALS AND FOWL Article 1 Animals Article 2 Dogs and Cats Chapter III (3) BEVERAGES Article 1 Alcoholic Liquor Article 2 Cereal Malt Beverage Chapter IV (4) BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION Article 1 Building Code Article 2 Dangerous Structures Article 3 City Planning Commission Article 4 Miscellaneous Article 5 Solar Energy Systems Article 6 Cross – Connections Chapter V (5) LICENSES AND BUSINESS REGULATIONS Article 1 Solicitors, Canvassers, and Peddlers Article 2 Operation Licenses – Amusement Chapter VI (6) FIRE REGULATIONS Article 1 Fire Limits Article 2 Fire Regulations Article 3 Fireworks Chapter VII (7) HEALTH AND SANITATION Article 1 Health Nuisances Article 2 Refuse Regulations Article 3 Sewer Regulations Chapter VIII (8) PUBLIC OFFENSES Article 1 Uniform Public Offense Code Article 2 Supplementary Offenses Chapter IX (9) STREETS, SIDEWALKS, AND PUBLIC PROPERTY Article 1 Street Regulations Article 2 Sidewalks Article 3 Curb Cuts Article 4 Consolidation Street and Highway Fund Chapter X (10) TRAFFIC Article 1 Standard Traffic Ordinance Article 2 Additional Traffic Regulations Chapter XI (11) UTILITIES Article 1 Water Service Article 2 Sewer Service -
Open Mckinney Thesis 4 1.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Agricultural Sciences INVESTIGATION OF FOOD SAFETY PARAMETERS FOR FERMENTED SEMI-DRY AND DRY SAUSAGE PRODUCTS A Thesis in Animal Science by Samantha R. McKinney 2017 Samantha R. McKinney Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May 2017 The thesis of Samantha R. McKinney was reviewed and approved* by the following: Jonathan A. Campbell Assistant Professor of Animal Science Extension Meat Specialist Thesis Advisor Catherine N. Cutter Professor of Food Science Food Safety Extension Specialist – Muscle Foods Nancy M. Ostiguy Associate Professor of Entomology Terry D. Etherton Distinguished Professor of Animal Nutrition Head of the Department of Animal Science *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Fermentation and drying are two methods utilized by humans for thousands of years to preserve food. Fermented semi-dry and dry sausages are safe, ready-to-eat (RTE) meat items produced using strict government regulations. One of these regulations requires meat processing establishments to create and have a scientifically-validated Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan. HACCP plans are validated utilizing a combination of data collected in the plant and scientific literature to ensure that process controls exist for identified food safety hazards. When little or incomplete data exists for very specific products or processes, challenge studies may be conducted to investigate the safety of the processes used to produce the food item. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of varying fermented semi-dry and dry sausage production parameters on the reduction of three pathogenic bacteria: E. -
Growth, Viability, and Death of Planktonic and Biofilm
Edinburgh Research Explorer Growth, Viability, and Death of Planktonic and Biofilm Sphingomonas desiccabilis in Simulated Martian Brines Citation for published version: Stevens, AH, Childers, D, Fox-Powell, M, Nicholson, N, Jhoti, E & Cockell, CS 2018, 'Growth, Viability, and Death of Planktonic and Biofilm Sphingomonas desiccabilis in Simulated Martian Brines', Astrobiology. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1840 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1089/ast.2018.1840 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Astrobiology General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 19, Number 2, 2018 Research Article Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1840 Growth, Viability, and Death of Planktonic and Biofilm Sphingomonas desiccabilis in Simulated Martian Brines Adam H. Stevens,1 Delma Childers,1,2 Mark Fox-Powell,1,3 Natasha Nicholson,1 Elisha Jhoti,1 and Charles S. Cockell1 Abstract Aqueous solutions on Mars are theorized to contain very different ion compositions than those on Earth. -
Curing As a Single Special Process Regulatory Agency Jurisdiction NAME (Fill in Form)
DRAFT Single Hazard Special Process HACCP Template for Curing as a Single Special Process Regulatory Agency Jurisdiction NAME (fill in form) Date Submitted __________ Date Approved ________ Valid until ___________ A. General Information This is a placeholder for the general information needed: e.g. operator name, location, Person-in- Charge (PIC) Name, contact information, etc. fill in form B. Categorization – Recipe(s) Categorization: Template for Curing as a Single Special Process 2013 FDA Food Code Section 3-502.11: “A FOOD ESTABLISHMENT shall obtain a VARIANCE from the REGULATORY AUTHORITY (RA) as specified in §8-103.10 and under §8- 103.11 before: (B) Curing food.” This template is to be utilized for raw food that will follow US FDA model Food Code parameters for cooking, cooling and cold storage. This template is not intended for products where additional critical control points (CCPs)/variances would be needed (for example, products with a fermentation or drying step or products where slow cooling is used). Recipe: Attach recipes of all current and future meat and poultry products containing sodium nitrite to this document (see C2 Control below) [label as attachment 1]. Product must contain a minimum of 120ppm ingoing nitrite. The use of nitrate is not permitted (under this Special Processes HACCP template). Only curing salt mixtures, which contain sodium chloride (NaCl) with 6.25% sodium nitrite, are permitted. The curing salt mixture must be dyed pink so that it cannot be confused with common salt. The curing salt mixture must be stored in a safe and secure place. Appropriate labeling must remain on the packaging. -
Effect of Chilled Temperature and Salt Concentration on Shelf Life of Herring (Clupea Harengus)
PO Box 1390, Skulagata 4 120 Reykjavik, Iceland FINAL REPORT 2008 EFFECT OF CHILLED TEMPERATURE AND SALT CONCENTRATION ON SHELF LIFE OF HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS) Won Sik An Fisheries Information Division, Ministry of Fisheries Democratic People´s Republic of Korea Botongmun-Dong, Central District, Pyongyang E-mail: [email protected] Supervisors: Kristin A. Thorarinsdottir ([email protected]), Icelandic Food Research Asbjorn Jonsson ([email protected]), Icelandic Food Research Irek Klonowski ([email protected]), Icelandic Food Research ABSTRACT Keeping the quality of fish and fish products at its best is the most important issue in fish processing. Based on the trend demanding that salted fish reduce salt content for dietary reasons as well as for further processing, this project focused on the extension of shelf life by investigating quality changes during brining in the cold storage of herring (Clupea harengus), the one of the popular foods in DPR Korea. Instead of the traditional salting method, an innovative method has been suggested called cold brining. Cold brining is a processing method expected either to provide a good salty flavour or to extend shelf life for further products by delaying microbiological growth and the chemical changes of the co- operation of ice and salt. In both experiments using fresh whole herring and fillets, five different brine concentrations of 8, 12, 14, 16 and 18%, and five different temperatures of 2, -1, -2, -4, -8 and -24 °C were used for 25 and 18 days, respectively, to select the optimum conditions for cold brining. The results were revealed that the 14% brine at -8 °C can be regarded as optimum condition for pre-cooling of herring. -
Chemical Hazard Analysis for Sodium Nitrite in Meat Curing L
CHEMICAL HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM NITRITE IN MEAT CURING L. L. Borchert and R. G. Cassens University of Wisconsin July, 1998 Cured meat has specific properties including a pink color and characteristic flavor and texture. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite have a long history of use as curing ingredients, and by the close of the 19th century the scientific basis of the process was becoming understood. It was realized, for example, that nitrate must be converted to nitrite in order for the curing process to proceed. Regulations controlling the use of curing agents were established in the USA in 1926 (see USDA, 1925; USDA, 1926), and the same rules are in effect at present, with slight modification. The critical feature of these rules is that a maximum use level of sodium nitrite is defined; but the meat processor may use less. Basically, no more than one-quarter ounce (7.1 g) may be used per 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of meat (resulting in 156 mg/kg or 156 ppm). While nitrate is still permitted, it is, in fact, not used by the industry. The regulations were changed for bacon so that ingoing nitrite is targeted at 120 ppm, and the maximum use of ascorbates (550 ppm) is mandated. The current routine use of ascorbates (ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, erythorbic acid and sodium erythorbate) by the meat processing industry is important not only because it accelerates and improves the curing process but also the use of ascorbates inhibits nitrosation reactions which might result in formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines (Mirvish et al, 1995). -
Download Brochure
Because Flavor is Everything Victoria Taylor’s® Seasonings ~ Jars & Tins Best Sellers Herbes de Provence is far more flavorful than the traditional variety. Smoky Paprika Chipotle is the first seasoning blend in the line with A blend of seven herbs is highlighted with lemon, lavender, and the the distinctive smoky flavor of mesquite. The two spices most famous added punch of garlic. It’s great with chicken, potatoes, and veal. Jar: for their smoky character, chipotle and smoked paprika, work together 00105, Tin: 01505 to deliver satisfying flavor. Great for chicken, tacos, chili, pork, beans & rice, and shrimp. Low Salt. Jar: 00146, Tin: 01546 Toasted Sesame Ginger is perfect for stir fry recipes and flavorful crusts on tuna and salmon steaks. It gets its flavor from 2 varieties of Ginger Citrus for chicken, salmon, and grains combines two of toasted sesame seeds, ginger, garlic, and a hint of red pepper. Low Victoria’s favorite ingredients to deliver the big flavor impact that Salt. Jar: 00140, Tin: 01540 Victoria Gourmet is known for. The warm pungent flavor of ginger and the tart bright taste of citrus notes from orange and lemon combine for Tuscan combines rosemary with toasted sesame, bell pepper, and a delicious taste experience. Low Salt. Jar: 00144, Tin: 01544 garlic. Perfect for pasta dishes and also great on pork, chicken, and veal. Very Low Salt. Jar: 00106. Tin: 01506 Honey Aleppo Pepper gets its flavor character from a truly unique combination of natural honey granules and Aleppo Pepper. On the Sicilian is a favorite for pizza, red sauce, salads, and fish. -
CANADIAN SALT PRODUCERS Explosives, Fertilizers, Glass, and Cosmetics
Salt Michel Dumont Although dietary intake can vary for people from various countries, on average an adult’s total salt intake should be The author is with the Minerals and Metals Sector, no more than 6 g per day and a child’s no more than 4 g. Natural Resources Canada. The average person’s diet incorporates at least 9 g per day. Telephone: 613-995-2917 Dietary sodium is measured in milligrams (mg). The most E-mail: [email protected] common form of sodium used is table salt, which is 40% sodium. One teaspoon of table salt contains 2300 mg of sodium. HIGHLIGHTS The salt markets in developed regions such as North • Salt is critical to human and animal health. In insuffi- America and Western Europe are both stable and mature. cient quantities, our muscles won’t contract, our blood The main consuming regions are North America, Asia and won’t circulate, our food won’t digest, and our hearts the Middle East, and Western Europe. World salt consump- won’t beat. tion is on the rise, mainly in response to increasing demand in Southeast Asia and other developing nations. China is • Due to severe North American winter (2007-08) weather the world’s leading producer of synthetic soda ash (source: conditions, 2008 data indicate Canadian shipments of U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] 2006 salt review), which salt increased by 18.4% (or 2.2 Mt) to 14.2 Mt valued at uses large quantities of salt as feedstock, and many of $537.8 million. China’s salt operations have not been able to keep up with the strong demand created by the rise in soda ash • Preliminary 2008 Canadian data indicate total salt production. -
Curing and Smoking Poultry Meat
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Extension Service SP 50-693 Revised March 2013 Curing and Smoking Poultry Meat Cured and smoked poultry meats, especially smoked turkey, have become popular, particularly for the Thanksgiving holiday. Curing and smoking imparts a unique, delicate flavor and pink color to poultry meat and increases the refrigerator storage life. Mild cures (relatively low salt) are usually used in preparation for the smoking process to maintain the poultry flavor. Smoked poultry, like ham, can be served hot or cold for sandwiches, salads or party snacks. The bones may be used to replace ham bones for adding flavor to soups or bean dishes. PREPARATIONS The first step in the curing and smoking process is to obtain the following materials and ingredients: Poultry meat Non-iodized salt Sugar and/or brown sugar Cure (containing 6.25% sodium nitrite)* Other seasonings according to your recipe Food grade plastic or stainless steel tub or a large crock or jar Smoker** Wood chips or liquid smoke if you choose not to use natural smoke Cheese cloth or stockinette for hanging in the smokehouse Air tight packaging for storage * The cure mentioned above and in the recipe is a commercial cure containing 6.25% sodium nitrite, which gives poultry meat an attractive light pink color after heating. Smoked poultry which does not contain cure will be brownish- white, not pink, after processing. Commercial cures such as “Modern Cure” or “Prague Powder” can sometimes be purchased from small commercial sausage makers. Complete cures such as “Morton’s Tender Quick Curing Salt” can often be purchased in grocery stores or locker plants. -
Cooks Illustrated: Brining Basics
The Basics of Brining How salt, sugar, and water can improve texture and flavor in lean meats, poultry, and seafood. BY JULIA COLLIN Why are some roast turkeys dry as sawdust while others boast meat that’s firm, juicy, of weight—call it, for lack of a better phrase, water retention—that stays with it through and well seasoned? The answer is brining. Soaking a turkey in a brine—a solution of salt the cooking process. This weight gain translates into moist meat; the salt and sugar in (and often sugar) and a liquid (usually water)—provides it with a plump cushion of sea- the brine translate into seasoned, flavorful meat. And this applies to all likely candidates soned moisture that will sustain it throughout cooking. The turkey will actually gain a bit for brining (see below). For a complete understanding of the process, read on. HOW IT WORKS THE BEST CANDIDATES FOR BRINING Brining works in accordance with two principles, called diffusion and osmosis, that like things to be kept in Lean and often mildly flavored meats with a tendency equilibrium. When brining a turkey, there is a greater concentration of salt and sugar outside of the turkey to overcook—such as chicken, turkey, and pork—are (in the brine) than inside the turkey (in the cells that make up its flesh). The law of diffusion states that perfect candidates for brining, which leaves them plump the salt and sugar will naturally flow from the area of greater concentration (the brine) to lesser concen- and seasoned. Many types of seafood also take well to tration (the cells).