2015 Central Division Meeting Program
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Blame, What Is It Good For?
Blame, What is it Good For? Gordon Briggs1 Abstract— Blame is an vital social and cognitive mechanism [6] and reside in a much more ambiguous moral territory. that humans utilize in their interactions with other agents. In Additionally, it is not enough to be able to correctly reason this paper, we discuss how blame-reasoning mechanisms are about moral scenarios to ensure ethical or otherwise desirable needed to enable future social robots to: (1) appropriately adapt behavior in the context of repeated and/or long-term outcomes from human-robot interactions, the robot must interactions and relationships with other social agents; (2) avoid have other social competencies that support this reasoning behaviors that are perceived to be rude due to inappropriate mechanism. Deceptive interaction partners or incorrect per- and unintentional connotations of blame; and (3) avoid behav- ceptions/predictions about morally-charged scenarios may iors that could damage long-term, working relationships with lead even a perfect ethical-reasoner to make choices with other social agents. We also discuss how current computational models of blame and other relevant competencies (e.g. natural unethical outcomes [7]. What these challenges stress is the language generation) are currently insufficient to address these need to look beyond the ability to simply generate the proper concerns. Future work is necessary to increase the social answer to a moral dilemma in theory, and to consider the reasoning capabilities of artificially intelligent agents to achieve social mechanisms needed in practice. these goals. One such social mechanism that others have posited as I. INTRODUCTION being necessary to the construction of a artificial moral agent is blame [8]. -
APA Pacific Division Meeting Program 2017
The American Philosophical Association PACIFIC DIVISION NINETY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM THE WESTIN SEATTLE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON APRIL 12 – 15, 2017 VIVA VOCE ENTANGLEMENTS Conversations with A System of Philosophy Italian Philosophers Crispin Sartwell Silvia Benso CENTERING NEO-CONFUCIAN AND EXTENDING ECOLOGICAL HUMANISM NEW FORMS An Essay on An Interpretive Engage- OF REVOLT Metaphysical Sense ment with Wang Fuzhi Essays on Kristeva’s Steven G. Smith (1619–1692) Intimate Politics Nicholas S. Brasovan Sarah K. Hansen and Available May 2017 Rebecca Tuvel, editors EDGAR ALLAN POE, Available June 2017 EUREKA, AND GOD AND THE SELF SCIENTIFIC IN HEGEL CONFUCIANISM, A IMAGINATION Beyond Subjectivism HABIT OF THE HEART David N. Stamos Paolo Diego Bubbio Bellah, Civil Religion, Available July 2017 and East Asia SELF-REALIZATION Philip J. Ivanhoe and THROUGH CONFUCIAN ZHUANGZI’S CRITIQUE Sungmoon Kim, editors LEARNING OF THE CONFUCIANS A Contemporary Blinded by the Human ESSAYS ON THE FOUN- Reconstruction of Kim-chong Chong DATIONS OF ETHICS Xunzi’s Ethics Siufu Tang WHITEHEAD’S C. I. Lewis RELIGIOUS THOUGHT John Lange, editor From Mechanism to Available June 2017 POETIC FRAGMENTS Organism, From Force Karoline von Günderrode to Persuasion THE VARIETY OF Translated and with Daniel A. Dombrowski INTEGRAL ECOLOGIES Introductory Essays by Nature, Culture, Anna C. Ezekiel CONFUCIANISM AND and Knowledge AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY in the Planetary Era MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, Mathew A. Foust Sam Mickey, Sean Kelly, AND THE GREAT EARTH and Adam Robbert, Reading -
John William Miller and the Ontology of the Midworld by Robert S
John William Miller and the Ontology of the Midworld by Robert S. Corrington (Posted with the permission of the Charles S. Peirce Society and Robert S. Corrington. The essay originally appeared, in a slightly different form, in the Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 22 [1986]: 165- 188. The pagination of this version does not conform to the pagination of the original document.) One curious feature of the American philosophical tradition is its ability to sustain and nurture fundamental reflection in an age in which such thinking is held to be antediluvian. The flood waters of scepticism and deconstruction seem to have rendered general categorical reflection powerless. Any talk about nature or world strikes contemporary fashion as a throwback to a pre-critical era in which philosophers naively trusted in their ability to overcome the imperial projections of a self which was unable, because of its fragmented state, to justify such projections. To attempt to reflect outside of the paradigm of the text is to evidence a serious insensitivity to the hermeneutic turn which has supposedly swept all historical debris from its path. The felony is compounded when it is asserted that the tradition of metaphysics has deposited recognizable and vigorous outcroppings of truth in its movement toward validation. What for some appears as a geological formation of great strength and beauty appears to the contemporary gaze as an obstruction to its open movement and hermeneutic free play. Were we to join in the chorus of doubting Thomases we would have little time for a perspective which affirms the ability of human probing to make sense of our history and our world. -
2012 SPEP Program (Rochester
SOCIETY FOR PHENOMENOLOGY AND EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY Executive Co-Directors Anthony Steinbock, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Amy Allen, Dartmouth College Executive Committee Amy Allen, Dartmouth College Alia Al-Saji, McGill University Fred Evans, Duquesne University Brian Schroeder, Rochester Institute of Technology Anthony Steinbock, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Shannon Mussett, Utah Valley University, Secretary-Treasurer Graduate Assistant Christopher C. Paone, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Advisory Book Selection Committee Shannon Winnubst, The Ohio State University, Chair Ann V. Murphy, Fordham University Brad Elliott Stone, Loyola Marymount University Adrian Johnston, University of New Mexico David Carr, Emory University Brent Adkins, Roanoke College Daniela Vallega-Neu, Univeristy of Oregon James D. Hatley, Salisbury University Advocacy Committee Robin James, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Chair Peter Gratton, Memorial University of Newfoundland Gail Weiss, George Washington University Committee on the Status of Women Laura Hengehold, Case Western Reserve University, Chair Shannon Sullivan, The Pennsylvania State University Elaine Miller, Miami University of Ohio Racial and Ethnic Diversity Committee Falguni Sheth, Hampshire College, Chair Hernando Estévez, John Jay College/CUNY Devonya Havis, Canisius College LGBTQ Advocacy Committee Robert Vallier, Institut d’Études Politiques, Chair William Wilkerson, University of Alabama Huntsville Mary Bloodsworth-Lugo, Washington State University Webmaster Christopher P. Long, The Pennsylvania State University Local Arrangements Contacts Brian Schroeder, local contact and organizer, [email protected] Scott Campbell, book exhibit coordinator, [email protected] Lindsey Johnson, student volunteer coordinator, [email protected] All SPEP sessions will be held at the Rochester Riverside Convention Center (RRCC) on 123 East Main St., Rochester, NY. The RRCC is adjacent to the host hotel, the Hyatt Regency Rochester, to which it is connected by an enclosed skyway. -
Miller: the Man and His Philosophy by Joseph P
Miller: The Man and his Philosophy by Joseph P. Fell (Posted with the permission of Bucknell University Press and Associated University Presses, as well as Joseph P. Fell. The essay originally appeared in The Philosophy of John William Miller , 21-31. Ed. Joseph P. Fell. Lewisburg PA: Bucknell University Press, 1990. The pagination of this version does not conform to the pagination of the original document.) The American philosopher John William Miller was born in Rochester, New York on January 8, 1895. After attending public schools in Rochester, he studied at Harvard College in 1912-13. For financial reasons he transferred to the University of Rochester for the years 1913 to 1915, then returned to Harvard for his senior year, receiving his A. B. degree in 1916. After working for a year in a Rochester electric company he volunteered for ambulance corps duty in France with Base Hospital 44. In 1919, motivated to enter the field of philosophy by his experience of the First World War, he returned to Harvard as a graduate student in philosophy, receiving his master's degree in 1921 and his doctorate in 1922. Among his teachers were R. B. Perry and E. B. Holt, both of the realist persuasion, and W. E. Hocking and C. I. Lewis on the more idealist side; it was in the tension between these philosophical camps that Miller worked out his own stand.(1) From 1922 to 1924 Miller taught at Connecticut College, during which time he married Katherine S. Gisel. In 1924 he moved to Williams College where, apart from interludes of summer teaching at the University of Rochester and Boston University and serving as acting professor of philosophy at the University of Minnesota in 1938-39, he spent the balance of his teaching career. -
On How to Build a Moral Machine
On How to Build a Moral Machine Paul Bello [email protected] Human & Bioengineered Systems Division - Code 341, Office of Naval Research, 875 N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22203 USA Selmer Bringsjord [email protected] Depts. of Cognitive Science, Computer Science & the Lally School of Management, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA Abstract Herein we make a plea to machine ethicists for the inclusion of constraints on their theories con- sistent with empirical data on human moral cognition. As philosophers, we clearly lack widely accepted solutions to issues regarding the existence of free will, the nature of persons and firm conditions on moral agency/patienthood; all of which are indispensable concepts to be deployed by any machine able to make moral judgments. No agreement seems forthcoming on these mat- ters, and we don’t hold out hope for machines that can both always do the right thing (on some general ethic) and produce explanations for its behavior that would be understandable to a human confederate. Our tentative solution involves understanding the folk concepts associated with our moral intuitions regarding these matters, and how they might be dependent upon the nature of hu- man cognitive architecture. It is in this spirit that we begin to explore the complexities inherent in human moral judgment via computational theories of the human cognitive architecture, rather than under the extreme constraints imposed by rational-actor models assumed throughout much of the literature on philosophical ethics. After discussing the various advantages and challenges of taking this particular perspective on the development of artificial moral agents, we computationally explore a case study of human intuitions about the self and causal responsibility. -
2014 Eastern Division Meeting Program
The American Philosophical Association EASTERN DIVISION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM PHILADELPHIA MARRIOTT DOWNTOWN PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA DECEMBER 27 – 30, 2014 Visit us at APA Eastern for books, journals, and more. INNER EXPERIENCE WHY BE MORAL? Georges Bataille Learning from the Neo-Confucian Translated and with an Introduction by Cheng Brothers Stuart Kendall Yong Huang SACRIFICE IN THE POST- JOHN Dewey’S KANTIAN TRADITION EARLIER LOGICAL THEORY Perspectivism, Intersubjectivity, James Scott Johnston and Recognition Paolo Diego Bubbio EXISTENCE Philosophical Theology, Volume Two THE RETURNS OF ANTIGONE Robert Cummings Neville Interdisciplinary Essays Tina Chanter and Sean D. Kirkland, editors HOW TO ESCAPE Magic, Madness, Beauty, and Cynicism MORE THAN DISCOURSE Crispin Sartwell Symbolic Expressions of Naturalistic Faith ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL Donald A. Crosby CONCEPTS OF FRIENDSHIP Suzanne Stern-Gillet and A MAN OF LITTLE FAITH Gary M. Gurtler, S.J., editors Michel Deguy With Two Essays by Jean-Luc Nancy GOOD WHITE PEOPLE Translated, edited, and with an The Problem with Middle-Class Introduction by Christopher Elson White Anti-Racism Shannon Sullivan MANIFESTO OF NEW REALISM Maurizio Ferraris EMPLOTTING VIRTUE Translated by Sarah De Sanctis A Narrative Approach to Foreword by Graham Harman Environmental Virtue Ethics Brian Treanor JOURNALS philoSOPHIA THE JOURNAL OF A Journal of Continental Feminism JAPANESE PHILOSOPHY Lynne Huffer and Mayuko Uehara, editor in chief Shannon Winnubst, editors Wing-keung Lam, associate editor Ching-yuen Cheung, Leah Kalmanson, and John W. M. Krummel, assistant editors Curtis Rigsby, book review editor IMPORTANT NOTICES FOR MEETING ATTENDEES SESSION LOCATIONS Please note: the locations of all individual sessions will be included in the paper program that you will receive when you pick up your registration materials at the meeting. -
John William Miller and Josiah Royce
Idealist Affinities: John William Miller and Josiah Royce By Mark D. Moorman [Posted with permission of Mark D. Moorman. Presented at the 39th annual meeting of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, New York City, March 15-17, 2012.] This paper will compare the philosophies of John William Miller and Josiah Royce with regard to philosophical idealism. We hope to highlight the idealist strain in Miller’s thought by showing some affinities with similar themes in Royce. The relaxed term “affinity” suits the vagaries of the term “idealism” itself.(1) Royce was well aware of this malleable breadth. Post-Kantian idealism, viewed in its whole range of manifestation, is not any one theory so much as a tendency, a spirit, a disposition to interpret life and human nature and the world in a certain general way—a tendency, meanwhile, so plastic, so manifold, so lively, as to be capable of appealing to extremely different minds, and of expressing itself in numerous hostile teachings.(2) The equivocity of the term idealism renders our comparison more a matter of loose ‘family resemblances’ than of clear cut categories. There is second difficulty with idealism as a point of comparison, its reputation. Discussing certain impediments to the reception of Miller’s work, Vincent Colapietro points out that Miller’s idealism is “likely to make him seem outdated and even quaint.”(3) Much of the revolt against idealism in the Twentieth century took the form of hasty ab extra dismissals which left caricatures and low regard in their wake.(4) Association with German idealism came to imply, not depth, but a lack of rigor. -
Which Consequentialism? Machine Ethics and Moral Divergence
MIRI MACHINE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Which Consequentialism? Machine Ethics and Moral Divergence Carl Shulman, Henrik Jonsson MIRI Visiting Fellows Nick Tarleton Carnegie Mellon University, MIRI Visiting Fellow Abstract Some researchers in the field of machine ethics have suggested consequentialist or util- itarian theories as organizing principles for Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs) (Wallach, Allen, and Smit 2008) that are ‘full ethical agents’ (Moor 2006), while acknowledging extensive variation among these theories as a serious challenge (Wallach, Allen, and Smit 2008). This paper develops that challenge, beginning with a partial taxonomy ofconse- quentialisms proposed by philosophical ethics. We discuss numerous ‘free variables’ of consequentialism where intuitions conflict about optimal values, and then consider spe- cial problems of human-level AMAs designed to implement a particular ethical theory, by comparison to human proponents of the same explicit principles. In conclusion, we suggest that if machine ethics is to fully succeed, it must draw upon the developing field of moral psychology. Shulman, Carl, Nick Tarleton, and Henrik Jonsson. 2009. “Which Consequentialism? Machine Ethics and Moral Divergence.” In AP-CAP 2009: The Fifth Asia-Pacific Computing and Philosophy Conference, October 1st-2nd, University of Tokyo, Japan, Proceedings, edited by Carson Reynolds and Alvaro Cassinelli, 23–25. AP-CAP 2009. http://ia-cap.org/ap-cap09/proceedings.pdf. This version contains minor changes. Carl Shulman, Henrik Jonsson, Nick Tarleton 1. Free Variables of Consequentialism Suppose that the recommendations of a broadly utilitarian view depend on decisions about ten free binary variables, where we assign a probability of 80% to our favored option for each variable; in this case, if our probabilities are well-calibrated and our errors are not correlated across variables, then we will have only slightly more than a 10% chance of selecting the correct (in some meta-ethical framework) specification. -
Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
David Gray Grant Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence Note to the reader: this syllabus is for an introductory undergraduate lecture course with no prerequisites. Course Description In this course, we will explore the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence. Could we build machines with minds like ours out of computer chips? Could we cheat death by uploading our minds to a computer server? Are we living in a software-based simulation? Should a driverless car kill one pedestrian to save five? Will artificial intelligence be the end of work (and if so, what should we do about it)? This course is also a general introduction to philosophical problems and methods. We will dis- cuss classic problems in several areas of philosophy, including philosophy of mind, metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. In the process, you will learn how to engage with philosophical texts, analyze and construct arguments, investigate controversial questions in collaboration with others, and express your views with greater clarity and precision. Contact Information Instructor: David Gray Grant Email: [email protected] Office: 303 Emerson Hall Office hours: Mondays 3:00-5:00 and by appointment Assignments and Grading You must complete all required assignments in order to pass this course. Your grade will be determined as follows: • 10%: Participation • 25%: 4 short written assignments (300-600 words) • 20%: Paper 1 (1200-1500 words) • 25%: Paper 2 (1200-1500 words) • 20%: Final exam Assignments should be submitted in .docx or .pdf format (.docx is preferred), Times New Roman 12 point font, single-spaced. Submissions that exceed the word limits specified above (including footnotes) will not be accepted. -
Machine Learning Ethics in the Context of Justice Intuition
SHS Web of Conferences 69, 00150 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900150 CILDIAH-2019 Machine Learning Ethics in the Context of Justice Intuition Natalia Mamedova1,*, Arkadiy Urintsov1, Nina Komleva1, Olga Staroverova1 and Boris Fedorov1 1Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36, Stremyanny lane, 117997, Moscow, Russia Abstract. The article considers the ethics of machine learning in connection with such categories of social philosophy as justice, conviction, value. The ethics of machine learning is presented as a special case of a mathematical model of a dilemma - whether it corresponds to the “learning” algorithm of the intuition of justice or not. It has been established that the use of machine learning for decision making has a prospect only within the limits of the intuition of justice field based on fair algorithms. It is proposed to determine the effectiveness of the decision, considering the ethical component and given ethical restrictions. The cyclical nature of the relationship between the algorithmic algorithms subprocesses in machine learning and the stages of conducting mining analysis projects using the CRISP methodology has been established. The value of ethical constraints for each of the algorithmic processes has been determined. The provisions of the Theory of System Restriction are applied to find a way to measure the effect of ethical restrictions on the “learning” algorithm 1 Introduction Accepting the freedom of thought is authentic intuition of justice of one individual in relation to The intuition of justice is regarded as a sincere, himself and others. But for artificial intelligence emotionally saturated belief in the justice of some (hereinafter - AI) freedom of thought is not supposed - position. -
The American Philosophical Association EASTERN DIVISION ONE HUNDRED TENTH ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM
The American Philosophical Association EASTERN DIVISION ONE HUNDRED TENTH ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM BALTIMORE MARRIOTT WATERFRONT BALTIMORE, MARYLAND DECEMBER 27 – 30, 2013 Important Notices for Meeting Attendees SESSION LOCATIONS Please note: the locations of all individual sessions will be included in the paper program that you will receive when you pick up your registration materials at the meeting. To save on printing costs, the program will be available only online prior to the meeting; with the exception of plenary sessions, the online version does not include session locations. In addition, locations for sessions on the first evening (December 27) will be posted in the registration area. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT REGISTRATION Please note: it costs $40 less to register in advance than to register at the meeting. The advance registration rates are the same as last year, but the additional cost of registering at the meeting has increased. Online advance registration at www.apaonline.org is available until December 26. 1 Friday Evening, December 27: 6:30–9:30 p.m. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 27 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING 1:00–6:00 p.m. REGISTRATION 3:00–10:00 p.m., registration desk (third floor) PLACEMENT INFORMATION Interviewers and candidates: 3:00–10:00 p.m., Dover A and B (third floor) Interview tables: Harborside Ballroom, Salons A, B, and C (fourth floor) FRIDAY EVENING, 6:30–9:30 P.M. MAIN PROGRAM SESSIONS I-A. Symposium: Ancient and Medieval Philosophy of Language THIS SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELLED. I-B. Symposium: German Idealism: Recent Revivals and Contemporary Relevance Chair: Jamie Lindsay (City University of New York–Graduate Center) Speakers: Robert Brandom (University of Pittsburgh) Axel Honneth (Columbia University) Commentator: Sally Sedgwick (University of Illinois–Chicago) I-C.