2012

®

GSA Medals & Awards

Presented at the

124th Annual Meeting of the

Geological Society of America S

5 November 2012

Charlotte, North Carolina, USA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

RIP RAPP has conducted geophysical investigations on oriented geophysical classes at UNL, more than a dozen units of the National Park participated in numerous archaeological field ARCHAEOLOGICAL Service ranging from Fort Clatsop and Chaco schools, and was also an instructor for annual GEOLOGY AWARD Canyon to Abraham Lincoln’s Home and National Park Service training courses in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. His remote sensing; in all these ventures retaining Presented to research has included work at important sites a firm commitment to technical precision John W. Weymouth on St. Catherine’s Island, in South Carolina, and expertise. He presented his findings at Cahokia and Fort des Chartes in Illinois, Spiro, archaeological, geological, and geophysical Deer Creek and Edwards in Oklahoma, and conferences and through publications and the Cowen site in Iowa. Dr. Weymouth has technical reports produced an unparalleled done important work on historic sites ranging body of work spanning four decades that from Fort William in North Dakota, Fort researchers continue to learn from. Atkinson in Nebraska, to Fort Davidson in Missouri and Fort Larned in Kansas. He has worked on historic Indian village sites, pioneer Response By John W. Weymouth farmsteads, and the Rock Creek Station on the Being honored with the Rip Rapp Oregon Trail. Although Dr. Weymouth began Award by the GSA is like being given his research with a focus on magnetic surveys, the cherry on top of the confection since he has also incorporated resistivity and ground I have so thoroughly enjoyed working penetrating radar into his arsenal of skills and with archaeologists on interesting sites. continually refined these techniques, pioneering Back in the early 70’s I was contentedly their use in wide range of prehistoric and teaching Physics and doing research in John W. Weymouth historic contexts in North America, Europe and materials science when archaeologists of my Professor Emeritus, University of Nebraska Japan. acquaintance at the University of Nebraska Dr. Weymouth’s most recent work has challenged me with some science problems been the mapping of a major Ohio Hopewell in their discipline. Out of my reading, talking earthwork with a cesium gradiometer. His and thinking on these problems I developed a Citation by Mark Lynott work has demonstrated the importance of seminar course in “Science in Archaeology”. and Rinita Dalan geophysics for re-mapping and relocating With such a broad title we could study a wide prehistoric earthwork sites that have been range of applications. I did some research in The 2012 recipient of the Rip Rapp severely degraded by two centuries of x-ray diffraction of ceramics but it became Award in archaeological geology is John agriculture. Dr. Weymouth’s work has inspired clear that there was a need to develop tools Weymouth. John completed his Ph.D. in the efforts of younger scholars to learn about and field expertise in evaluating sites being Physics at the University of California- the use of geophysics in archaeology and considered for excavation. The literature Berkeley in 1951. Throughout the 1960’s, he his efforts have transformed geophysical showed me that magnetic surveying of sites explored the application of x-ray diffraction prospection in North America from a type had been pioneered in Europe and should to archaeological ceramics. In the 1970s of special analysis to an invaluable and be able to be used in this country. There he shifted his research to the application standard component of contemporary followed years of development of instruments of geophysical sensing techniques in archaeology. He has consulted with countless and field work at various sites in this country archaeology. At that time, John was part of archaeologists and repeatedly demonstrated and in Japan and Greece. Working with a a small number of international scientists the important role of geophysical prospection wide variety of archaeologists and students with training in physics that were working to in archaeological research. has been very satisfying. It is especially develop instruments and methods that would In sum, Dr. Weymouth’s ground- gratifying that one of my PhD students is now help archaeologists locate subsurface features breaking work paved the road for geophysical a professor of Physics teaching and working at archaeological sites. applications in archaeology. His meticulous and in magnetic prospection in Greece on Crete. John’s pioneering work, to use prolific studies demonstrated the usefulness of I wish, particularly, to thank Drs. Rolf magnetometers as a survey tool for subsurface these techniques for a wide range of prehistoric Mandel, Mark Lynott, Rinita Dalan and mapping of archaeological features, was and historic sites and inspired others to follow George Rapp for their input to this award conducted throughout the United States and in his wake. He served as a bridge between the and to thank in general the many others Europe and demonstrated the essential need for geophysical community and archaeologists, with whom I have had the privilege to geophysical surveys in advance of archaeological establishing and encouraging connections with work and agonize over data and equipment excavations. His most notable early contributions archaeological practitioners on a national, breakdowns. The award helps to emphasize were magnetometer survey at Sakakawea but also on an international, level. He served the importance of applying geophysical Village at Knife River Indian Villages in North as both teacher and scholar in developing methods to investigation of sites and to Dakota, and Walth Bay site at Oahe Reservoir geophysical techniques for archaeological encouraging the wider use of such methods to near Mobridge, South Dakota. These important application, working closely with National extend sound site evaluation. studies introduced North American archaeologists Park Service staff, mentoring students at Thanks again to George Rapp for creating to the potential of geophysics for improving University of Nebraska-Lincoln and elsewhere, this award to encourage interdisciplinary archaeological research. and collaborating with many archaeologists efforts across the barriers that sometimes seem Much of John Weymouth’s work has been and geophysists. He taught archaeologically- to isolate areas of research. in assistance to the National Park Service. He THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

GILBERT H. CADY U.S. coal resources. The coal characterization Response by Leslie F. Ruppert efforts fully integrated knowledge of I would like to thank the Coal Geology AWARD mined-out areas and coal quality issues in Division of GSA for this award. It’s an honor a comprehensive analysis of the resources. Presented to I never expected to receive, so I am surprised These innovative studies were published Leslie “Jingle” Ruppert and deeply appreciative. I also thank Jim as USGS Professional Papers and were Hower, my colleague and often co-author, for summarized in a 2002 paper in International nominating me to join the illustrious company Journal of Coal Geology. of Gilbert H. Cady award recipients. Through her career, she has been a Unlike many of my colleagues, I valued colleague to people both in and stumbled into a career in geology. As a out of the USGS. Perhaps nowhere is this philosophy major, I needed six science collaboration more evident than in Kentucky credits. My future husband suggested I where she has a long history of cooperation should choose either rocks or stars: I picked in coal assessment and quality studies with rocks. With great trepidation, I signed up for the Kentucky Geological Survey and the Introductory Geology with Geza Telecki at Center for Applied Energy Research and in GWU, and my future career suddenly came West Virginia where she has worked closely into view. Later, Roy Lindholm opened my with the state geological survey on coal eyes and my imagination to sedimentary assessment and coalbed methane projects. geology and I thank him to this day. With respect to coalbed methane and gas At USGS, I have benefitted from shale, she is collaborating with physicists from collaboration with many extraordinarily Leslie “Jingle” Ruppert CSIRO, Australia, in the use of the Extended U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA talented scientists, both inside and outside Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering the Survey. In my first project, I was part Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) instrument at of a team that included Blaine Cecil, Ron Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) to examine Stanton and Brenda Pierce. Later, I had the how pores in gas shales are connected. pleasure of working with Sue Tewalt (USGS) Citation by James C. Hower Jingle is also using the Ultra Small Angle and State geological survey scientists on the Neutron Scattering (USANS ) instrument Leslie “Jingle” Ruppert was born on 14 Appalachian coal assessment. at the National Institute of Standards and June 1953 in Washington, DC. Through her There have been many memorable Technology (NIST) to identify the amount of +30-year career at the U.S. Geological Survey, moments along the way, but in addition to internal volume of the shale that is accessible she has distinguished herself through her work those mentioned above, I’ve benefited from to methane. in coal geochemistry and mineralogy, coal working with international colleagues. In Most recently, she compiled coal rank geology, coal resource evaluation, and coalbed 1989, my USGS colleague Tim Moore, data from throughout the Appalachians from methane. moved to New Zealand. With the help of varied sources and, working with regional Jingle got her BS and MS degrees from the early Internet, we completed a paper on experts, developed Pennsylvanian thermal George Washington University in 1979 and Indonesian peats - online! No more “paper maturation maps to complement thermal 1987, respectively. Upon joining the U.S has not yet been received” excuses. The maturation maps of Ordovician and Devonian Geological Survey in August 1980, she future of global collaboration had arrived. strata. This effort is part of a larger study worked closely with Ron Stanton and Blaine Of the many people who helped me to of the framework geology of fossil-fuel Cecil, among others, in studies of the Upper become a better geologist, my greatest thanks bearing strata in the Appalachians. She has Freeport coal in western Pennsylvania. The goes to Ron Stanton, the 2002 posthumous also conducted studies of the fate of trace series of papers in the Journal of Sedimentary recipient of this award. Ron guided my elements in coal combustion, including the use Petrology, International Journal of Coal interests in sedimentary geology to focus on of mercury isotopes as a tracer of the origin Geology, and Energy & Fuels provided a coal. He was tough but fair and his insatiable of this environmentally-sensitive element basis for such fundamental studies of a coal scientific curiosity set him apart as a mentor. resource. Later studies dealt with aspects of in fuels and its ultimate destination in the the mineralogy and geochemistry of low- environment. Other coal combustion studies rank coals in the US Gulf Coast, Wyoming, include examination of trace elements in and Kosovo and of peats in Kalamantan, fly ash from the co-combustion of coal and Indonesia. The latter investigation also dealt biomass. with the differentiation of volcanic ash- Jingle has generously given her time to fall and water-borne detrital minerals. She professional societies, serving in leadership has studied As- and Pb-bearing pyrite and positions in the GSA Coal Geology Division, lanthanide-bearing phosphates from the Fire The Society for Organic Petrology, the Clay coal bed, eastern Kentucky, and Ge- and International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, and B-rich coals from western Kentucky. the Geological Society of Washington (DC). Jingle led the USGS’s Northern She is a member of the editorial board of the and Central Appalachian Coal Regions International Journal of Coal Geology. Assessment Team, part of the overall effort to characterize both the quantity and quality of

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

have long attempted to develop and refine research when I was a graduate student, under E.B. BURWELL, JR., relations between shear strength and various the supervision of Professor Seiichi Gibo, parameters that are much simpler to obtain, who at that time, had established a landslide AWARD such as standard and cone penetration test engineering laboratory at the University of Presented to results (i.e., SPT and CPT), Atterberg limits, the Ryukyus. I was fortunate to be associated Shinya Nakamura, Seiichi Gibo, and particle-size distributions. However, these with his work on shear strength of landslide Kazuhiko Egashira, and relations provide large ranges of possible soil. I developed a passion for this line of Sho Kimura shear strengths so typically are not well-suited work and chose it as my career. Having been to landslide hazard mitigation. exposed to an array of previous literature by Great minds in geotechnics, such eminent researchers on the relations between as Terzaghi, Bishop, and Skempton, shear strength and various parameters of hypothesized that mineralogy largely controls soil, while working on my PhD, I was quite residual shear strength. As described in this intrigued by the dearth of information about paper, Nakamura and colleagues measured common parameters that could be applied to residual strength of many landslide specimens a wide range of landslide soils as an indicator using a torsional ring-shear apparatus, of residual shear strength. It was at that time which provides the most accurate measures when I began to wonder if the layer silicate of residual strength. They also measured minerals could be a possible candidate for mineralogy of the specimens using X-ray that purpose. We believe that platy layer diffraction and found that residual strength silicate minerals hold the key to understanding correlated well with the total content of the slide mechanisms of largely displaced layer silicate minerals prone to preferred landslides as well as slides involving pre- orientations. The relations they developed sheared surfaces that have reached residual provide excellent tools to accurately estimate conditions. Mineralogical analyses are Shinya Nakamura residual strength from mineralogical quicker, compared to the extensive time University of the Ryukyus Okinawa, Japan composition, which is much simpler to obtain involved in the measurement of actual than direct measurements of shear strength. residual shear strength in the laboratory. Well Hence, their paper significantly advances developed correlations between the platy understanding of controls on shear-zone layer silicate mineral content and residual strength, and also advances the fields of soil shear strength, thus, would provide landslide Citation by William H. Schulz mechanics and engineering geology, thereby engineers with quick, accurate data, thereby It is with great pleasure that we present perfectly meeting the intent of the E.B. saving a great deal of resources. the 2012 E.B. Burwell, Jr. Award to Shinya Burwell, Jr. Award. Thanks once again to the GSA for this Nakamura, Seiichi Gibo, Kazuhiko Egashira, prestigious award. We are most humbled by and Sho Kimura for Platy layer silicate the generosity that has been accorded to us. Response by Shinya Nakamura minerals for controlling residual strength Receiving this award has encouraged us to in landslide soils of different origins and Thank you, Bill, for your generous continue researching in the fascinating world geology. citation and nominating our paper for the of landslide science to see what newer things Landslides are among the most 2012 E. B. Burwell, Jr. Award. It is a great we could find and share with you all. hazardous of geological processes, annually honor for me and my co-authors to be the causing thousands of casualties and billions recipients of this award and we are grateful to of dollars in damages. Fortunately, many the Environmental and Engineering Geology landslide hazards may be mitigated through Division of the GSA for selecting the cited engineering and construction or by temporal work that examines platy layer silicate predictive models that forecast potentially mineral controls of residual shear strength of hazardous landslide movement before it landslide soil. It is indeed a pleasant feeling occurs. Development of proper and adequate to have contributed to the advancement of mitigation strategies requires knowledge landslide science in general and have our work of landslide material shear strengths, and acknowledged for its merits. It is a moment many landslides move far enough (generally of great joy for us to know that we share the tens of centimeters) that shear zones reach same interests as far as Science is concerned, ultimate, or residual shear strength, or they even though we are oceans apart. move along previously sheared surfaces Japan is a country that has learned to (e.g., sheared joints, fractures, bedding live with natural disasters. It is an inevitable planes) that already had reached residual way of life for us. We have certainly had our shear strength conditions. Measurement of share of it over the years, which has caused residual strengths suitable for geotechnical great economic losses to the nation. Therefore, assessments is difficult, expensive, and time landslide science is greatly encouraged in consuming to perform, and results are often Japan and, as a result, we have witnessed huge unclear and open to interpretation. For these technological progress in landslide related reasons and more, geoscientists and engineers research and industry. I embarked on landslide

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

and Walt Snyder exploring ways USGS and award and it has been my great pleasure and CONTRIBUTIONS TO NSF could partner on the emerging field of honor to work with them and with the ever geoinformatics. She started attending and growing geoinformatics community for the GEOINFORMATICS eventually co-hosting and co-organizing many past 12 years. I am particularly indebted AWARD USGS-NSF workshops as well as conferences to David Arctur, Lee Allison, Bob Detrick, and symposium at GSA and AGU devoted Kevin Gallagher, Art Goldstein, Peter Fox, Presented to to geoinformatics. Her enthusiasm, support, Randy Keller, Kerstin Lehnert, Deborah Linda C. Gundersen and encouragement brought many in the McGuinness, Krishna Sinha, Walt Snyder geoscience community to become actively and Herman Zimmerman for their leadership, involved in geoinformatics. pioneering efforts, and continuing work on I first met Linda when she served on behalf of geoinformatics and the building of the advisory board for EarthChem . When a cyberinfrastructure for the geosciences. We someone brings a good idea to Linda she have come a long way, however we still have tries to get it done. We told her how much we a substantial journey ahead of us to realize wanted USGS geochemistry in EarthChem the incredible potential of geoinformatics and 6 months later the chemistry for over to transform the way we do science. I 400,000 USGS samples was entered into strongly believe that the next generation of EarthChem! geoscientists won’t hesitate for a second to Linda agreed in 2006 to help start incorporate informatics as an integral part of the GSA Geoinformatics Division with their day-to-day research environment. Yet Krishna Sinha and Randy Keller. To support today we are still struggling. In my work and the Division, and bolster the geoscience in my role as a manager at the U.S. Geological community’s interest and knowledge Survey, I have been blessed with the ability Linda C. Gundersen in geoinformatics, she co-hosted three to influence policy and program direction USGS, Reston Geoinformatics Conferences held in 2006, to incorporate geoinformatics into strategic 2007, and 2008. The conferences were planning, and been able to see the data designed to create a community of practice management lifecycle become an accepted and provide a forum for scientists from concept, and increasingly an accepted practice Citation By Kerstin A. Lehnert industry, government, and academia to share in both government and academia. We need their geoinformatics research. Funds from the to strongly support it becoming the standard I am honored to present the first conferences were used to support the GSA practice for all scientists to conscientiously Geoinformatics Division award for Geoinformatics Division. plan, collect, manage, and preserve the data Outstanding Contributions in Geoinformatics Linda has worked on numerous national they collect while ensuring the long term to Linda C. Gundersen. In a career with geoinformatics efforts. In 2007, she started the integrity and accessibility of that information the U.S. Geological Survey spanning 33 NSF and USGS funded USGIN through publication and placement in a years, she has made numerous scientific (http://usgin.org/content/about-usgin) with public repository. We also need to continue contributions and served for 10 years as Lee Allison. In 2009, She established the developing the standards, concepts, tools, the Chief Scientist for Geology. The first USGS Community for Data Integration and semantics that allow computers and each half of her career focused on research in (https://my.usgs.gov/confluence/display/ other to understand and creatively explore our geochemistry and environmental geology cdi/Home) with Kevin Gallagher. science. including assessing the radon potential of the The CDI includes many hundreds of I ask each of you to reach out to someone United States. The second half of her career members from USGS and the informatics new and ask them to join this community. I is where geoinformatics comes in, when she community, working together to develop also ask each of you to give some time to this became a manager and could influence the a cyberinfrastructure for the USGS and Division. The GSA Geoinformatics Division way data and information were managed and informatics tools for everyone. In 2011, she could be a wonderful supporter of important made accessible. co-supported and helped organize the GeoData emerging efforts such as EarthCube (http:// Linda’s passion for geoinformatics began 1 Workshop in Denver with NSF, Peter Fox, earthcube.ning.com/) and become a forum with data preservation. In 1996, as the USGS and others that focused on data lifecycle and for supporting advances in informatics tools Minerals program manager, she made data informatics tools. The workshop results were and standards needed for the geosciences. preservation and integration of spatial data used in the initial concepts for EarthCube We are in a powerful moment of transition to a priority, leading to the ability to do more (http://earthcube.ning.com/). Most recently, a future when we can truly have the earth at integrated resource assessments and making Linda worked with Kevin Gallagher and Tim our fingertips. It is critical for us to sustain large volumes of data publically available. Kileen to make USGS a formal partner with and increase our momentum, invest in In 2001 she supported the National Academy NSF on EarthCube. geoinformatics education, incorporate it into study Geoscience Data and Collections, which our curriculum, urge and support students to she promptly implemented, establishing a enter the field, and work together to build a $1M Data Preservation Program at the USGS, Response by Linda C. Gundersen communal infrastructure that lets the power partnered with the State Geological Surveys, Thank you to the Geoinformatics of our data shine and light the way for that has brought millions of data and materials Division of GSA for this award. There are generations of geoscientists to come. off the shelves and online. many scientists contributing to the success As Chief Scientist for Geology in 2001, of geoinformatics who equally deserve this Linda worked with Hermann Zimmerman THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

GEORGE P. geophysics and geology as the best means to In addition, Bob has served on solve earth’s complex geologic puzzles. multiple national science panels such as WOOLLARD AWARD Bob has conducted research on at the founding of the Southern California Presented to Yellowstone earthquakes and volcanoes Earthquake Advisory Committee, and served Robert B. Smith since 1956 and is considered a leading expert on such national advisory functions as on Yellowstone earthquakes, deformation the Yucca Mountain seismic safety panel, and tectonics. Bob serves as the Principal seismic safety panels on the Idaho National Investigator and Director of the Yellowstone Laboratory, the USGS Seismic Earthquake Seismograph and GPS Network and as the Studies Panel, and multiple NSF earth science Coordinating Scientist of the Yellowstone advisory committees. He frequently is invited Volcano Observatory. He provided the to provide his views on the development guidance and incentive of instrumenting of earth science and general science before Yellowstone with modern seismic and GPS Congress for the coalition on National instruments beginning in 1987 and planning Science Funding. and permitting the Yellowstone seismic and Importantly Bob has developed PBO magmatic GPS network. strong collaborative ties with international Bob taught 44 years at the University institutions such as serving as a Visiting of Utah, Department of Geology and Professor in multiple terms at the Swiss Gseophysics and Computer Science, including Federal Institute of Technology and at teaching more than 50 undergraduate and Cambridge University and as the President graduate courses in geophysics, geology and of the Seismology Section of the American Robert B. Smith computer science. He has also advised 68 Geophysical Union where he promoted University of Utah graduate students. international cooperation in geoscience. Bob directed the University of Utah Several universities and societies have Seismograph network bringing the initial use honored Bob, most recently in 2011 by of digital recording and data processing and receiving U.S. Department of Interior’s and Citation by G. Randy Keller then densifying and expanding the seismic USGS highest award, the prestigious John It is a distinct honor and pleasure to network throughout the Wasatch Front Wesley Powell Award and Medal. give the citation for the presentation of the and Yellowstone. He first recognized and He publishes regularly in our leading George P. Woollard Award to Professor named the Intermountain Seismic Belt as international journals, including highly cited Robert B. Smith of the University of Utah. the coherent zone of earthquakes bounding papers in GEOLOGY, GSA Today, the GSA I have known him for 40 years and have the active Basin-Range to the west and Bulletin, and a GSA Memoir. His publications followed his research activities for many years the relatively stable Rocky Mountains and include important contributions in several because he is always pursuing something Colorado Plateau on the east. Moreover he areas that have been the focus of his research that is innovative, interesting, and involves produced the first earthquake catalogs of the for a number of years. Specifically, I see employing geophysical techniques to address Intermountain Region and conducted one of most of his contributions as falling into four geological problems. Through his scholarly the earliest studies of focal mechanisms in the main areas: 1) seismic studies of the structure activities, he has long been a highly respected Basin-Range that demonstrated the dominant of the lithosphere using the integration of a researcher, teacher, mentor, and member of E-W extensional in this intraplate tectonic broad range of geological and geophysical the scientific community. regime. He led the first effort to employ GPS data; 2) developing new applications and Bob’s research career began when he to evaluate the contemporary deformation techniques for the processing, analysis and was fresh out of high school and worked as regime of the Wasatch fault and Yellowstone. applications of a broad range of seismic and a science technician in Yellowstone in 1956 These efforts demonstrate his philosophy GPS data; 3) integrated studies of earthquake and was sparked to go into geophysics by of the integration of seismic and GPS data and volcanic hazards, and 4) studies of experiencing the 1959 M7.5 Hebgen Lake with geologic information to more fully and earthquake phenomena and contemporary earthquake. He has conducted seismic and quantitatively understand the contemporary deformation with GPS data. Based on geophysical research globally, first serving as nature of active tectonism in intraplate this foundation, he has been consistently the U.S. Exchange Scientist with the British settings. innovative technically, thorough, and Antarctic Survey followed by conducting Bob was a leader in the formation opportunistic in his research activities. geophysical surveys throughout Europe, a of the Incorporated Research Institutions Bob was a consultant and was featured career of collaborative university teaching and in Seismology (IRIS), UNAVCO, and as the geophysicist in the BBC production research focusing on studies of geophysics EarthScope further demonstrating his broad “Supervolcano”, and has been a participant in and geology of active extensional tectonic integrative interests in employing modern many other Yellowstone documentaries. The regimes, geodynamics of the Yellowstone seismic and GPS methods for understanding most recent was the 2012 Nova documentary, hotspot and advocating integrated research lithospheric structure and evolution as well “World’s Deadliest Volcanoes.” on earthquake and volcano hazards for the as active earthquake and volcano systems. In summary, I have been active in GSA’s emergency management agencies and the This further demonstrates his commitment Geophysics Division for many years, and I public on the Yellowstone-Wasatch-Teton to collaborative collegial research between honestly cannot think of anyone who is more area. Bob has always advocated and practiced various earth science international disciplines. deserving of this award. During his time in collaborative and integrated research in the Air Force, he even worked personally

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS with Professor Woollard calibrating gravity to whom I owe a great debt of gratitude. EarthScope program, an integrative geology meters, establishing the North American There are too many to name them all, but and geophysics organization that provides gravity base station network, and interpreting some include: Ralph Archuleta, Harley Benz, a better understanding of the evolution and gravity data for this region. Thus, what could Larry Braile, Ron Bruhn, Bob Christiansen, composition of the North America continent. be more fitting than Prof. Robert B. Smith Wu-Lung Chang, Diane Dozer, Jamie Farrell, I was honored to be the first chairperson receiving this prestigious award named for Thomas Hanks, David Hill, Gene Humphreys, of the EarthScope Science and Education Professor Woollard. Stephan Husen, James Jackson, Michael Committee. Jordan, Tom Jordan, Randy Keller, Geoff But we still wanted to know much more King, Edi Kissling, Emile Klingele, Tony about earthquakes. Again I was privileged Response by Robert B. Smith Lowry, Fred Massin, Chuck Meertens, Rick to work with scientists like K. Aki in Thank you Randy and to Larry Braile for O’Connell, Tom Owens, Christine Puskas, participating with he and others to form the the thoughtful remarks in my citation. They Lee Siegel, Taka’aki Taira, Greg Waite and Southern California Earthquake Center and are sincerely appreciated. Colin Zelt. where I have worked closely for many years First, I am grateful to the GSA With these colleagues my academic with Tom Jordan and Ralph Archuleta. Geophysics Division for the George P. career spanned the globe. I appreciate the Throughout my endeavors, I particularly Woollard Award. It means a great deal to me support I received at the Swiss Federal want to note that the career-long support to be honored for my career in geophysics Institute of Technology where Stephan Muller by the University of Utah including my and geology especially for my productive encouraged me in our common interests of colleagues Frank Brown, Kip Solomon, Keith association with many colleagues of the lithospheric seismic investigations. This Koper, Relu Burlacu and Dave Drobeck has Society. The award is also special as I have led to the joint 1978-80 U.S., European been greatly appreciative. I am very grateful been a GSA member for 50 years, a period Yellowstone-Snake River Plain crustal seismic to the university for encouragement of my in which I was able to investigate timely experiments, a project that brought students academic efforts and providing resources for geologic problems with geophysics such and scientists from U.S. and European seeding my research ideas. as understanding the role of earthquakes universities together forming lasting scientific Finally, I sincerely thank my wife Jan and volcanoes in Yellowstone, hotspots and collaborations. and my family for their remarkable support plumes, lithospheric tectonic processes, Another important milestone of my and patience in accompanying me untirelously especially in the Interior West. Also I am career was when Larry Braile and I proposed working around the globe. They have endured fortunate to be amongst the previous honored to NSF to acquire portable seismographs my lectures and learned quite a bit of earth recipients of the Woollard Award as I have for seismic sounding. However, NSF said it science on the way. known and worked with most of them, would be better for us to form a community And most importantly my career including Randy Keller, and the first Woollard group to develop a pool of shared instruments. has been and continues to be FUN and Award recipient, George Thompson have been This led to the formation of the PASSCAL exhilarating. I anticipate another 56 years close colleagues throughout my career. IRIS facility that paralleled the formation of of science and collaboration with you, my The George P. Woollard Award is also the Global Seismic Network for which we colleagues. special to me because I had the opportunity naturally joined together to form the very Thank you to work personally with Dr. Woollard at the successful IRIS organization including now University of Wisconsin in the early 60s the USARRAY. where I was working in the Air Force in Then in the 80s came the development developing global gravity surveys. of space-based earth science by making It was with Dr. Woollard’s contemporary crustal deformation encouragement that I became involved in measurements using GPS and InSAR. These Antarctic research and exploration where I tools have been applied very productively later served as the U.S. Exchange Scientist to understand active tectonics and volcanic to the British Antarctic Survey in 1962-63 processes of the U.S. Again as a science under Secretary Dean Rusk. This expedition community of GPS users we went to NSF for was an extraordinary adventure for me, first to support of a facility that established UNAVCO survive and secondly to conduct geophysical and the Plate Boundary Observatory where surveys in very remote places never before I served as an original member of the explored. UNAVCO executive committee. As Randy mentioned, my early career A memorable aspect in my career was was shaped by experiencing first-hand the a discussion with an NSF program director deadly M7.3 1959 Hebgen Lake Montana on forming an integrated earth science group earthquake. Honestly it was this geologic working on active tectonics and continental event that turned me toward a career in evolution. In a presentation by Tom Jordan earth science for which I have been richly and I, we noted the unique property of North rewarded. American geology, namely that it contained Throughout my career I have endeavored all of the elements of plate tectonics: to integrate geophysics and geology in subduction, transform faulting, extension and basic earth science problems. This was a hotspot. Moreover it was “accessible by accomplished through collaborative efforts of land” and was a “natural geology laboratory”. my many students, Post Docs and colleagues What we outlined was incorporated into the

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

BIGGS AWARD FOR in the field, lab, and classroom. She has an Response by uncanny ability to explain difficult concepts Kathleen Degraaff Surpless EXCELLENCE IN to a broad audience and engages her students I am deeply honored to receive the with meaningful learning experiences. She EARTH SCIENCE Biggs Outstanding Educator Award. It challenges her students to learn and discover seems extraordinary to be singled out on their own, and builds their competence TEACHING for my teaching; I have always viewed and confidence in doing science. A student in my teaching as a collaborative effort in Presented to her sed/strat course said “this course taught which I have depended heavily on my Kathleen D. Surpless me how to think like a geologist and talk own teachers, mentors, colleagues, and, of like a sedimentologist.” A participant in one course, my students. I certainly wouldn’t be of her field trips said that she “led each and standing here without the help I’ve received every one of us to the “aha!” moment….no from many, many others, and I’d like to other field trip that I have been on drove the acknowledge just a few of them today. concepts home like this one did.” Another At Amherst College, I discovered student said that her “method of pushing geology late in my second year, and it was students to discover for themselves is without great teaching (including some truly excellent a doubt the most effective teaching technique field experiences) that drew me in and kept I have encountered.” One of Kathy’s research me there. In fact, in the spirit of sharing and students said “it never ceased to amaze me the collaboration, I asked for and received Tekla amount of responsibility she bestowed on us Harms’ Introductory Geology Final Project and the faith she put in our abilities.” when I began teaching; I modified the project In support of her research, Kathy has in a course I taught at Stanford, and we now received funding from the Petroleum Research use a version of it at Trinity. Tekla, Jack Fund and is the recipient of a prestigious NSF Cheney, and Peter Crowley modeled for me Kathleen D. Surpless CAREER award. Kathy was awarded the what I wanted to accomplish as a college Trinity University in San Antonio 2009 Trinity University Junior Faculty Award professor – successfully weaving together for Distinguished Teaching and Research. teaching with research, and meaningfully Kathy views research as an integral part of involving undergraduate students in an excellent undergraduate education. As authentic, publishable research. Citation By Diane R. Smith an example, in her sed/strat course, students At Stanford, I was fortunate to be learn the material in the context of three class surrounded by fellow graduate students who I am pleased and privileged to be the projects, which include collection of field and shared my passion for teaching and were also citationist for the 2012 recipient of the Biggs lab data, interpretation and analysis of the eager to improve their abilities. Stanford’s Award for Excellence in Earth Science data, and presentation of both research papers Center for Teaching and Learning and, in Education, my colleague Kathleen Surpless. and conference-style posters. In addition, particular, Robyn Wright Dunbar helped Kathy received her Bachelor’s degree from Kathy has engaged 13 Trinity students with make this happen for all of us. We learned Amherst College and her Ph.D. from Stanford her research involving provenance studies of pedagogy, developed our own courses, made University. After finishing her Ph.D., she Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Her students the most of our TA opportunities and even spent three years at Stanford as Lecturer and give presentations at GSA conferences and designed courses to co-teach with Stanford Undergraduate Program Coordinator, where much of the work has been published in faculty in the Stanford Continuing Studies she taught, advised, and developed research articles with the students as co-authors. All of Program – a true teaching apprenticeship. I opportunities for undergraduates. Kathy was Kathy’s research students subsequently entered was also lucky to have the support of Steve very effective in this position, especially in graduate school or have plans to do so in the Graham, my thesis advisor, who continues to creating a culture of inclusion and community near future. masterfully advise a large group of graduate among the students. During her time at Just like at Stanford, the number of students, and is another marvelous role model Stanford, the number of geosciences majors geosciences majors at Trinity has more than for me in my own mentoring of students and more than doubled. Kathy joined the faculty doubled since Kathy joined our faculty. I call my development of my teaching and research at Trinity University in 2004 as an assistant it the “Surpless Syndrome,” which is a good at Trinity. professor. Her experience and successes led thing to have! Kathy has played a critical role As I developed my courses, I relied my colleagues and me to believe that she had in getting our students excited about geology. heavily, as always, on others. I continue to high potential to become an excellent teacher- She gets them started and keeps them engaged scan the SERC webpage for new ideas and scholar, potential that has been more than by teaching rigorous and challenging courses, activities, I look back at ideas generated realized. providing research opportunities, and sharing during On The Cutting Edge workshops At Trinity, Kathy has taught a wide range sound advice about applying to graduate I attended, I collect and aggregate notes, of courses, ranging from freshman seminars school and other post-graduation options. images, powerpoint slides, and lab and field and introductory geosciences courses, to Kathy, it has been a pleasure to observe activities from colleagues at Trinity and mid- and upper-level courses in earth history, you exceed the potential we saw in you eight schools all over the country. I am grateful sedimentology, and stratigraphy, to a team- years ago. Your achievements as a teacher- for all those informal discussions about taught environmental studies summer field scholar are multiple, wide-ranging, and of teaching I’ve had with my Trinity colleagues, course in Colorado. At all levels, she employs the very highest quality. Congratulations on including and especially Diane Smith, as they inventive and effective teaching methods receiving this highly deserved award!

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS have helped me work through a whole range of issues. I want to thank my husband Ben, a fellow Trinity Geoscience professor, who has been a phenomenal source of support, encouragement, and inspiration for me. And finally, I am grateful for the students I’ve been fortunate enough to teach – they have been and continue to be my collaborators as well, and they are better than anyone else at letting me know when things are going well and when they are not. So, thank you to my students, colleagues, advisors, mentors, and teachers for collaborating with me. Thank you for this wonderful recognition.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

MARY C. RABBITT these characteristics through his numerous Indiana University – Purdue University in publications on art and geology. His particular Indianapolis. HISTORY AND emphasis is on the Renaissance development Gary has recently retired to his home PHILOSOPHY OF of the anatomical analogies of landscape state of Wisconsin to continue his scholarly that facilitated the origin of the science research and writing in the history and GEOLOGY AWARD of landscape. His unique approach to the philosophy of geology and the Division integration of art history studies with the Awards Committee believes that this is the Presented to history and philosophy of the geological time to honor Gary D. Rosenberg with the Gary D. Rosenberg sciences was featured in a two-page article embossed certificate and the pewter Revere about Gary in the Chronicle of Higher bowl that indicate that he is the 2012 Mary C. Education, January 25, 2002 issue. Gary Rabbitt awardee. Congratulations, Gary. has been a regular presenter at our Division- sponsored sessions at GSA Annual Meetings and at the North Central Section Meetings Response by Gary D. Rosenberg since the late 1990’s. Thomas Kuhn wrote that young Perhaps the pinnacle of Gary’s work scientists or those new to a field are typically was his organization of the Division’s topical the ones who make the most significant session at the 2006 GSA Annual Meeting contributions to it. In gratefully accepting this in Philadelphia entitled ‘From the Scientific wonderful award, I note that I was neither Revolution to the Enlightenment: Emergence in the ‘90’s when I began to publish on the of Modern Geology and Evolutionary Thought nexus of art history and history of geology. from the 16th to the 18th Century’. Following Apparently Kuhn did not consider that it takes this session Gary edited the presentations into some time for a fine wine to mature. I was GSA Memoir 203, an opus that has been well grape juice nearly 50 years ago when I was Gary D. Rosenberg received by the international community as an undergrad at the University of Wisconsin. Indiana University-Purdue University (Iupui) well as by the members of our Division. This Bob Dott’s course on the history of geologic volume is now a classic reference for those thought set me fermenting about Leonardo Da interested in pre-paradigm geology, its cultural Vinci’s role as founder of geology. I slowly context from the Renaissance through the aged into a full-bodied art historian though Citation by James C. Dawson Enlightenment, and its continued influence on some might say that I’m just curmudgeon modern geology. vinegar. I cannot deny it. I must admit some It is my great pleasure to present the As a Division committee member, it was acidity was needed to etch through the steely 2012 Mary C. Rabbitt Award of my pleasure to work closely with Gary when barricades that some art historians erected the Geological Society of America’s he unexpectedly served as our Division Chair against my assault on their territory. History and Philosophy of Geology Division (2005), when a First Vice Chair decided not to It’s the cultural context and historical to Gary D. Rosenberg. I have known Gary advance to the chairship, and then continued changes in the conception of nature that have for several years through our shared interests on schedule as Division Chair (2006). As interested me. As Kuhn observed, changes in in the history and philosophy of geology Chair, he was exceptionally energetic and conception precipitate scientific revolutions. and through the work of this Division. We well organized. As Chair, he worked with Vic Just as rocks are texts from which we read connected quickly at one of these Division Baker and others to lead the effort to add ‘and Earth history, so art objects are texts from luncheons some years ago when we learned Philosophy’ to our Division name. Previously which we can read the cultural context in that we both did our higher education work at Gary had served the full range of Division which scientific discoveries are made. In the same two universities at about the same Vice Chairships and committee positions. He this case it’s how the Renaissance revolution time. However, we attended these institutions is well known to us as one of our strongest in the conception of spatial relationships in reverse order with Gary earning his B.S. supporters. pervaded Western culture and facilitated the degree at the University of Wisconsin, Gary is trained as a geologist and has science of landscape. I thank the writings Madison while I was at the University of published many papers on sea level change of Samuel Edgerton for aiming me in the California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Gary then and growth periodicities in brachiopods and direction of this insight. went to UCLA for his Ph.D, while I went to bivalve molluscs. He has also published The theme of spatial relationships brings the University of Wisconsin, Madison for on rhythmic dentinogenesis in rabbit and my interest in art history into a single focus my Ph.D. work. We did not meet until later rat incisors. Indeed growth rhythms and with that of the geometry of metabolism and, we found that we had many friends and periodicity have long fascinated Gary. and skeletal composition. Only recently colleagues in common and that we had both Gary’s post doctoral career has included did I realize I was trying to paint a picture been introduced to the history of geologic work as a NATO Senior Fellow on growth of metabolic and compositional variations thought in Bob Dott’s course at Wisconsin- rhythms and the history of the earth’s within organisms the way artists shade Madison. rotation, work at the National Institutes of images of organisms they paint. As an early The Rabbitt Award is presented to Health on the chronobiology of bone and edition of Dott and Batten asserts, geology an individual for exceptional scholarly teeth, a year as a geology faculty member at is the story of the chemical evolution of our contributions of fundamental importance Michigan State University and finally, since planet. The geometry of life’s physiology is to our understanding of the history of the 1979, a distinguished career in geology at integral to that story. geological sciences. Gary has exemplified THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

The revolution in conceptualization of In closing, I herewith toast those who advisor Clarence Hall and my late chairman spatial relationships not only gave birth to the have mentored my maturation. These include at IUPUI, Arthur Mirsky. Special thanks to evolutionary view of the structure of nature my “Steno friends,” August Ziggelaar SJ, Jim Dawson who had the courage to nominate but also to scientists’ place in the democratic Troels Kardel, Jens Morten Hansen, Frank this curmudgeon for this auspicious award. social order. We as geologists have a special Sobiech, Elsebeth Thomsen, and Minik Rosing; The Mary C. Rabbitt Bequest facilitated my contribution to make in illuminating that members of the History and Philosophy of chairmanship in the History and Philosophy perspective and I have only begun to call Geology Division GSA, Bill Brice, Sally of Geology Division, GSA. I thank you all for attention to our opportunity to do so. Newcomb, Michele Aldrich, Ken Bork, Ken celebrating an aging wine. Aalto, Steve Rowland, and Vic Baker; my PhD

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

O.E. MEINZER AWARD kinetics (Plummer, Wigley and Parkhurst, the analytical measurement results within 1978, American Journal of Science, v. 72). specified uncertainties was considered. He Presented to After completing his Bachelor of Arts in implemented this approach as one of the David L. Parkhurst Mathematics from Davidson College in 1974, new capabilities of the general geochemical David briefly left the USGS in 1976 to work modeling code PHREEQC, a code based for the Federal Emergency Management on PHREEQE but written entirely in the C Administration (FEMA) in Charlottesville, programming language. VA. Fortunately, David returned to the USGS The range of gas/water/mineral/ in 1977 to work on the Potomac Estuary surface reactions that could be simulated In Project. This was a major gain for the PHREEQC was greatly expanded beyond USGS—and a loss for FEMA. This was when the capabilities that had been available David began working on development of in PHREEQE; additionally, the new geochemical modeling software. code allowed both forward and inverse David wrote and published the geochemical modeling. Subsequent work geochemical code PHREEQE (Parkhurst, with C.A.J. Appelo led to publication of Thorstenson, and Plummer, 1980, U.S. PHREEQC Version 2 (Parkhurst and Appelo, Geological Survey Water-Resources 1999, U.S. Geological Survey Water- Investigations Report 80-96) in 1980, a Resources Investigations Report 99-4259). reaction-path model that enabled calculation This version added capabilities to simulate David L. Parkhurst of mineral equilibrium reactions, ion exchange dispersion (or diffusion) and stagnant zones U.S. Geological Survey, Denver reactions, and electron-balance calculation in 1D-transport calculations; to model kinetic of redox reactions, as well as the simulation reactions with user-defined rate expressions; of solution mixing and simple irreversible to model the formation or dissolution of ideal, reactions. PHREEQE was a highly innovative multicomponent, or non-ideal, binary solid Citation By Pierre D. Glynn program at the time it was published. It was solutions; to model fixed-volume and fixed- widely used for at least 15 years, and it also pressure gas phases; to allow the number I am honored to introduce David L. served as the basis for several other codes: of surface or exchange sites to vary with Parkhurst as the recipient of the 2012 O.E. including PHRQPITZ, a version of PHREEQE the dissolution or precipitation of minerals Meinzer Award of the Hydrogeology Division that incorporated the Pitzer equations to or kinetic reactants; and to include isotope of the Geological Society of America. This model high-ionic-strength brines (Plummer, balances in inverse modeling calculations. award is presented to David in recognition of Parkhurst, Fleming, and Dunkle, 1988, Water- PHREEQC has continued to evolve his outstanding contributions to groundwater Resources Investigations Report 88-4153), since then. For example, it now includes studies and geochemical modeling. and PHREEQM (Appelo and Willemson, a thermodynamic approach to isotopic David’s development and application 1987, Journal of Hydrology, v. 94), another fractionation processes that treats each of PHREEQE, NETPATH, PHREEQC, revolutionary code that allowed the simulation isotope as a separate component (Thorstenson PHAST and related programs for geochemical of 1D reactive transport. and Parkhurst, 2004, Geochimica et modeling has changed the way that David also wrote and published Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68). High-ionic hydrologists and geochemists calculate, the inverse geochemical modeling code strength activity coefficients and the Pitzer interpret, and predict geochemical reactions BALANCE (Parkhurst and others, 1982). specific ion interaction approach have also and subsurface reactive transport. David’s Inverse geochemical modeling was a major been added, and the CDMUSIC (Charge mathematical, programming, and geochemical conceptual breakthrough, in that it provided Distribution-Multisite Ion Complexation) skills have produced software that is user- a mathematical technique that could help surface complexation model has been friendly, fast, robust, and widely accepted. geochemists deduce the reactions responsible implemented. As a result, geochemical calculations of for the geochemical evolution of waters, While continuing to improve general exceptional theoretical and computational including in environments undergoing geochemical modeling capabilities through sophistication have now become standard oxidation-reduction reactions. The BALANCE his development of PHREEQC and techniques. In addition to his development of code provided a foundation for the subsequent associated codes, David recognized the need a wide diversity of geochemical codes, David development of several other inverse modeling to couple forward geochemical modeling with Parkhurst has demonstrated the practical codes, notably the NETPATH codes published groundwater flow and transport modeling. application of these highly sophisticated in 1991 and 1994 by Plummer, Prestemon, The 3D reactive-transport simulator PHAST numerical tools in the hydrologic sciences. and Parkhurst. David recognized an essential (Parkhurst, Kipp, and Charlton, 2010, U.S. David began his career at the U.S. limitation of the codes based on BALANCE, Geological Survey Techniques and Methods: Geological Survey (USGS) in 1969 when namely the fact that the calculations did 6–A35) was developed by David Parkhurst he was hired by Blair Jones as a student not consider the uncertainties in chemical in collaboration with Ken Kipp, Peter directly out of high school. David worked and isotopic measurements and in sample Engesgaard, and Scott Charlton. PHAST part time and during the summers at USGS variability. David addressed this problem combines the solute-transport simulator Headquarters in Rosslyn, Virginia, and later (Parkhurst, 1997, Water Resources Research, HST3D (Kipp, 1997, U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, for Blair Jones and Niel Plummer, v. 33, no. 8) through an elegant derivation that Water-Resources Investigations Report 97- conducting research on many topics, including allowed mole-balance models to be tested in 4157) with PHREEQC. The simplicity of ion exchange, brines, and calcite dissolution such a way that every possible adjustment to the model design and the ability to model

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS flow, solute transport, and a full array of geochemistry without being aware of, and sent me to graduate school for a year and I chemical reactions make PHAST a widely needing to use, the products of David’s learned surface chemistry from George Parks, used 3D reactive-transport code that has very research. David’s scientific expertise and his mineralogy from Gordon Brown, and dipped impressive and useful simulation capabilities. sense of service and practicality reflect well into the world of high energy physics at the These contributions are all remarkable on the scientific tradition set by O.E. Meinzer. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory to by themselves. They have advanced the Please join me in congratulating study zinc ions at the atomic scale. So I was understanding of groundwater geochemistry David L. Parkhurst, recipient of this year’s fortunate to learn my trade from some of the and more generally the application of O.E. Meinzer award, for his outstanding best in their fields. aqueous geochemistry around the world. contributions to the science of hydrogeology. I also learned the practical side of It is important, however, to recognize that geochemistry through several major studies. David’s achievements also stem from his deep In the laboratory, I helped to run experiments practical understanding of the application of Response by David L. Parkhurst on the kinetics of calcite dissolution. In the his codes, and from his constant willingness I am deeply honored to receive the field, we investigated the flux of nutrients to help scientists and resource managers with O.E. Meinzer Award from the Hydrogeology from sediments in the Potomac River, sampled their research or application problems. Division of GSA. I know that the scientists mine and stream water from abandoned lead David’s practical understanding of and scientific environment that so shaped and zinc mines in Oklahoma, made regional geochemistry and hydrogeology developed my career can be directly traced to the groundwater assessment of the Roubidoux during his career. He was awarded work of O.E. Meinzer, who established the Aquifer, and worked on a pilot National Water participation in the USGS graduate school groundwater discipline in the USGS. So I Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study of program which led to a Master’s degree offer my thanks to Pierre for his kind words, natural and anthropogenic contaminants in the in Applied Hydrogeology from Stanford the Hydrogeology Division and the Awards Central Oklahoma aquifer. This experience University in 1983, and exposed David to Committee, and my friends and colleagues taught me the realities of field studies, the highly advanced analytical techniques for the inside and outside the USGS who have made limitations of data, and the opportunities for characterization of mineral surfaces. In turn, this Award possible. I also take a moment to geochemical modeling. this led to David’s assignment from 1983 to thank my mother, who is here today. I have From very early in my career, I 1989 to the Oklahoma Water Science Center received a fraction of her intelligence and developed geochemical models. However, where he was the lead geochemist on a USGS a fraction of my father’s persistence, which I think the motivation to continually National Water-Quality Assessment pilot have served me well. I thank them and my improve the models derived from teaching project investigating abandoned lead and zinc wife Renee for all of their support. geochemical modeling to other scientists. I mines. This experience gave David firsthand I was fortunate to begin my career just have taught dozens of short courses over the knowledge of the need for practical tools in as computers were coming into wide use. It last three decades in the USGS and at outside groundwater studies. He returned to the USGS was inevitable that the field of geochemistry institutions. Teaching is the quickest way National Research Program in Lakewood, would be transformed by the possibilities to learn what works for users of a computer Colorado, in 1989 to lead a research project in presented by computing, and I was able to program and what does not. I always wanted geochemical model development. participate in that transformation. Computer to focus on the geochemical principals, but Through his career, David has applied programming suited me perfectly. I loved too often the mechanics of modeling got in the his expertise to a wide diversity of problems that you can take just a few programming way. I hated trying to explain to a struggling and settings, such as for example, laboratory commands and build complicated programs student why an index needed to be a 2 instead studies of calcite reaction kinetics, the that could calculate such things as the amount of a 1, or that the input was in the wrong distribution of arsenic in Oklahoma of salt that dissolves in water, the chemical order. I wanted modeling to be easy; it should groundwaters, the transport of phosphate composition of a limestone groundwater, be like “back-of-the-envelope” calculations, in Cape Cod sewage plume, and studies the migration of radionuclides from disposal where you can easily see the ramifications of of Aquifer Storage and Recovery in South sites, or the reactions necessary to account for selected chemical reactions. Accordingly, we Carolina. David is also recognized for his the chemistry of a groundwater sample. It is have worked to make the modeling process commitment and leadership in teaching extremely satisfying that computer codes that more intuitive, so that models are more a groundwater geochemistry and geochemical I and my coworkers Tony Appelo and Ken source of insight from modeling results and modeling in the USGS and around the world. Kipp have written, particularly PHREEQC less a source of frustration with modeling Teaching gave David broad exposure to many and PHAST, have been used by researchers, mechanics. And here, I must acknowledge the different types of problems, case studies and students, government agencies, consultants, work of Scott Charlton, who is responsible for applications of groundwater geochemistry. In and industry throughout the world. the simplicity of the graphical user interfaces return, many scientists have greatly benefited I have spent nearly my entire career with for PHREEQC and PHAST. from David’s courses, and even more often the USGS starting as a high school volunteer, Over the years, I have tried to answer from his advice and expertise; there are few who had only a little chemistry and math, but all of the inquiries I have received about people as selfless as David in helping other an ability and willingness to learn. And I had geochemical modeling. I have sent thousands scientists. great teachers. At any time, I could ask Blair of emails to scientists, consultants, professors, In summary, David Parkhurst’s work on Jones about clay mineralogy, Niel Plummer and graduate students. In part it was because chemical and reaction-transport modeling, about carbonate chemistry and kinetics, I wanted my models to be used, but it was and on the theory of inverse geochemical Don Thorstenson about sulfate reduction also an effort to do my part in extending modeling, has greatly advanced hydrogeology and redox processes, and I could rely on all the groundwater science of the USGS as and many other areas of science. It is not three when it came to the emerging field of envisioned by O.E. Meinzer. I also recognize possible today to work in the field of aqueous geochemical modeling. In addition, the USGS that I have worked to develop tools for

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS studying problems, but, by communicating with other scientists, I can help begin the real work, which is to provide scientific solutions for the major environmental issues we face today, such as carbon capture and storage, radioactive waste disposal, mining for resources, aquifer storage recovery, and mitigation of groundwater contamination. So, if you have a geochemical modeling problem, especially you younger scientists, who will do the hard work on these issues in your careers, drop me an email and I will try to help. It is a great honor to accept the Meinzer Award, and I thank you all.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

microorganisms in brines and fluid inclusions ahead of our knowledge about what evaporites ISRAEL C. RUSSELL in halite. Besides field sites on six continents, actually looked like, and their potential Tim has studied chemical sediments on Mars. as paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic AWARD At an age that technically makes Tim a mid- indicators was largely untapped. Presented to career scientist, he has published 3 papers in The 1990s saw development of Tim K. Lowenstein Science, 1 paper in Nature, and 8 papers in techniques for chemical analysis of fluid Geology. These significant publications are inclusions, pioneered by geochemists at the testimonials to the importance of his research University of Barcelona and at Binghamton to the wider scientific community. I eagerly by Mike Timofeeff. Now we could chemically look forward to Tim’s future contributions to analyze fossil waters in fluid inclusions and the field of geology. document secular variations in the chemistry Tim has a sustained record of serving the of ancient seawater, first considered by Lawrie scientific community. He has been associate Hardie and Ron Spencer, and then elegantly editor of Journal of Sedimentary Research, modeled by Bob Demicco, using variable Geochemical et Cosmochimica Acta, and river and midocean ridge inflows, not unlike Geology. He has been a willing and thorough the mixed inflows found in closed basin lakes. manuscript and proposal reviewer. Tim’s The ocean is a large saline lake! distinguished lectureship for the Mineralogical Fluid inclusions in saline minerals are Society of America and participation on also hosts for microbial life. The discovery of NASA steering groups are examples of how ancient microbial ecosystems trapped inside he contributes his limnogeological expertise to fluid inclusions in buried halite from Death the wider scientific community. Valley, along with DNA and living organisms, Tim K. Lowenstein SUNY at Binghamton This citation would be lacking without has been an astonishing surprise. These mention of the profound positive influence connections inspired collaborations with that Tim has had on his students and microbiologist Russell Vreeland, ecologist collaborators. Tim ‘s outstanding teaching Matt Parker, and DNA specialist Koji Lum. and mentoring have enabled his students to I have many people to thank for teaching Citation By Kathleen C. Benison become leaders in academia, industry, and me about lakes, modern and ancient, including It is a great honor and privilege for me to government. I consider myself very fortunate Joe Smoot, Lawrie Hardie, Alan Carroll, present the citation for the Israel Cook Russell to be among the 11 Masters students, 9 PhD Bob Demicco, Blair Jones, Hans Eugster, Award for major contributions to the field students, 3 post-docs, and 2 early-career Larry Benson, Ron Spencer, Terry Jordan, of limnogeology to my teacher, friend, and visiting scholars to date who have worked Linda Godfrey, Paul Baker, Sheri Fritz, Rick colleague, Dr. Tim Lowenstein. with, and been inspired by Tim. Tim has had Forester, Richard Ku, Shangde Luo, Robin Tim is the international leader in the long-term and highly productive working Renaut, Bernie Owen, and Kathy Benison. fields of chemical sedimentology and brine relationships with many collaborators as well. I am grateful to Colgate professors Bruce geochemistry, and for decades has developed I am certain that all of these students and Selleck, Rich April, and Jim McLelland and applied new concepts and techniques collaborators value his great friendship as for steering me into geology. I want to to chemical sediments to solve significant much as his scientific expertise. acknowledge the wonderful graduate students geological problems. It is fitting that Tim It is with great joy that I ask that you and postdocs I have had: Jianren Li, Chris has earned an award commemorating Israel join me in congratulating the Limnogeology Brown, Laura Howe, Andy Bobst, Matt Hein Russell because both are known for their Division’s 2012 Israel Cook Russell awardee, and Jonathan Kramer documented closed studies of saline lakes in California. Dr. Tim Lowenstein. basin climate records; Enrique Casas, Kathy Tim’s research program has been driven Schubel, and Lichun Ma studied modern by significant questions about the Earth evaporites and brine evolution; Dan Davis Response by Tim K. Lowenstein that he answers with innovative approaches and Osama Attia worked on fluid inclusions; using brines and evaporites. His work My sincere thanks to the Limnogeology Mike Timofeeff, Sean Brennan, Cindy has resulted in enhanced understanding Division of the GSA for the Israel C. Russell Satterfield, Nora Holt, and Natalie Spear of lithosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere- Award and to Kathy Benison for her citation. documented ancient seawater chemistry; Brian biosphere interactions. Tim was among the It is a great honor to receive this award. Schubert, Kat Gragg, Yaicha Winters, Krithi first to apply comparative sedimentology I did not grow up on the shores of a lake, Sankaranarayanan, and Sarah Feiner studied to evaporites. He has pioneered the study not even close. I became interested in lakes microorganism communities in evaporites; of fluid inclusions in halite to interpret as a graduate student at Johns Hopkins Elliot Jagniecki, John Murphy, and Deidre past environmental conditions. He has where Lawrie Hardie used simple ideas like LaClair work on the Green River Formation; produced paleoclimate records from salt chemical divides to explain how natural and Kathy Benison and Denise Waite studied cores in California, the Andes, and China. waters in closed basins evolved into brines. burial diagenesis of carbonates. He has quantified atmospheric CO2 from At that time, a field trip to the closed basins This is where I will end, with enormous the Eocene Green River Formation. Tim of California and Nevada opened my eyes, gratitude to Binghamton University and has addressed the controversial Messinian particularly seeing that the zonation of saline colleagues there, and my wife Sally, for Salinity Crisis of the Mediterranean. He has minerals and brines in Saline Valley could providing the freedom and time to pursue my traced seawater composition through geologic be explained by chemical principles. Back dreams, and to past and current students and time. He has isolated, cultured, and identified then, surprisingly, chemical theories were collaborators who find joy in studying lakes.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

DISTINGUISHED Also impressive are Dr. Saleeby’s perspective of a child-like­ inquisitiveness abilities to integrate information from of our natural environment, a life full of GEOLOGIC CAREER • surficial processes (for example linking multi-disciplinary­ field-based­ research AWARD the modern uplift and erosion of the Sierra gives one the sense that our planet is the Nevada with ongoing subsidence in the San ultimate amusement park! New discoveries, (MGPV DIVISION) Joaquin valley), and making new connections between • upper crustal processes of deformation observations and data sets fuels the psyche Presented to and melt emplacement (for example with youthful energy that drives one to hunger Jason B. Saleeby reconstructing the accretionary history of for more new findings and connections. It Sierran terranes), seems to be a chronic condition for me. One • lower crustal processes of high-grade of my favorite sayings is from an early Bob metamorphism and melt generation (for Dylan song: “He not busy being born, is busy example Jason’s work in the granulites and dying.” Our science has changed dramatically migmatites in the southern Sierra), and over my career, but the basics of sound • processes in the mantle such as field observations still stand as the ultimate eclogitization, delamination, and shallow infrastructure of our greatest pursuits. subduction, which have revolutionized our Technical advances through the course of understanding of Laramide-style tectonics my career have proceeded at seemingly head-­ around the world. spinning rates. As a geology undergraduate Indeed, few Earth Scientists have been student in 1970 at Cal State, Northridge, the able to glean as much information from rocks life changing advance that impacted me the and structures in the field, and then apply most was the delivery and installation of our a broad range of quantitative techniques to first Xerox machine. This was a huge step provide constraints on their ages and origins. forward for a budding geology undergrad, Jason B. Saleeby We would be remiss to not also recognize wanting personal copies of published maps, California Institute of Technology Dr. Saleeby’s contributions to training diagrams and key papers. In graduate school students. Jason has mentored a continuous at U.C. Santa Barbara, 1972 was the big year stream of graduate students since the late for the installation of a digital control and data 1970’s, first at Berkeley and then at Caltech, acquisition system on George Tilton’s thermal Citation By George G. Gehrels and many of these former students and ionization mass spectrometer. This greatly post-docs are now in academic positions, impacted my Ph.D. thesis research. In the late We are very pleased to announce that Dr. conducting similar types of interdisciplinary 1980’s heavy metal isotopic geochemistry Jason B. Saleeby is the recipient of the 2012 research. Given that many of us have was launched into the modern era by the Distinguished Geologic Career Award from passed along this style of analysis to our emergence of high-­precision multiple Faraday the Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Petrology, & graduate students, who in turn have trained collector housings, and high sensitivity signal Volcanology Division of GSA. their graduate students to be creative and multipliers. As Y2K rolled through we found This award is the perfect recognition imaginative researchers, just imagine the ourselves moving into the era of interrogating of Dr. Saleeby’s contributions because of impact that Jason has on the tectonics research large populations of individual zircon grains the dual emphasis on geologic observations community! for their ages, or even age zonation patterns, in the field and application of cutting edge In summary, we are pleased and honored by the newly emerging isoprobe instruments. analytical techniques in geochemistry, to have Dr. Saleeby recognized as the recipient We may be approaching the point where our petrology, and related fields. And this is of the 2012 Distinguished Geologic Career data acquisition is out running our ability exactly what Jason is known for – the Award from the Mineralogy, Geochemistry, to synthesize and interpret the data that we integration of field observations, from thin Petrology, & Volcanology Division of GSA. produce! section to continent scale, with information Being at the right place at the right from geophysics, petrology, geochronology, time has been equivalent to a series of and thermochronology. Response by Jason B. Saleeby bifurcation points in my professional and Dr. Saleeby is also remarkable for his It is a great honor to receive the 2012 personal evolution. When I arrived at U.C. ability to integrate information from both GSA Division of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Santa Barbara in 1972 George Tilton was continental and marine settings. Perhaps Petrology and Volcanology Distinguished just finishing the production of his lunar you have been able to share this experience Geologic Career Award. For this recognition, geochemistry laboratory, wherein he was open with Jason on a field trip in Owens Valley, I am most grateful. Having dedicated to having a small number of investigators when you learn that the topography across much of my career to the integration of work on terrestrial rocks. Thank you George! the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada traditional geoscience sub-disciplines,­ gives Jim Mattinson had just arrived as a junior is very similar to the bathymetry across the this award special meaning for me. Field-­ faculty member following his post-doc­ at Clipperton Fracture zone on the Pacific Ocean based geological research is unique in the Carnegie Institute where he helped engineer floor. And rather than granite boulders in scientific endeavor, by virtue of the direct new zircon dissolution and column extraction alluvial fans, you camp among giant basaltic connections that can be made between tactile techniques. I was fortunate to be the first olistoliths and serpentinite mélange in human experience and advanced scientific graduate student to apply those techniques in submarine debris flows! instrumentation and analysis. From the George’s lab. Having recently attended the

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS first GSA Penrose Conference on ophiolites, a series of communications with Lee and of planet Earth and its geological evolution. Cliff Hopson was just initiating his in-depth­ Barclay Kamb that rapidly transplanted We are all fortunate to be in profession for study of the Coast Range ophiolite, and me into the Caltech environment. At that which the pursuit of this great story is our I was fortunate to assist him in a number point I recognized that I was at a critical primary charge. Added to this, many of us are of his earlier field excursions and zircon bifurcation point, opting for a clean room asked to share our expertise and experiences geochronology sampling campaigns. Those and mass spectrometer over research off of with undergraduate and graduate students, and experiences with Cliff are as valuable for an oceanographic vessel. My residence at post-­ doctoral fellows. Sharing unselfishly me today as they were forty years ago! John Berkeley also gave me easy access to the with these young evolving minds is the Crowell had just been funded to initiate his U.S.G.S. in Menlo Park, facilitating important best way to pay back the dept that we owe basement and basin studies of the then newly interactions with Clark Blake, Bob Coleman, society for offering us such extraordinary recognized San Andreas transform system. Ron Kistler and Jim Moore. My short stay at professions. If asked to name my greatest His field trips and seminars primed me for Berkeley was a major intellectual growing up student, I would have to name ten. This is the complexities of the southern California experience that prepared me for the Caltech about as good as it gets! So I close with a basement, which I still wrestle with. And, environment. brief story concerning student interactions, Dan Karig was in the midst ofhis seminal Back to the importance of timing. When and thoughts I have concerning the mission work and early papers on back arc basins I arrived at Caltech Jerry Wasserburg’s group of the GSA MGPV Division. I sometimes and accretionary prisms. Dan’s office was had just launched the broad application of relate to students the strong parallels between somewhat of a hangout spot for me and some Neodymium isotopes to terrestrial problems deep time geologic analysis and forensic fellow grad students, by virtue of all the in petrogenesis and geochronology. Jerry scientific investigations. With recent technical excitement and new ideas that were packed was most gracious in sharing techniques, and advances and proliferations in instrumentation into that space. I could not ask for more in also running various strategic Nd-Sr­ samples and data manipulation systems we have terms of an exciting and intellectually ripe for me, prior to the development of those witnessed an attrition in basic field geology environment in which to pursue graduate techniques in my laboratory. Lee Silver was programs across the U.S. In regard to this studies. in his most active phases of multi-system­ trend I have begun to ask my students while As an Assistant Professor at U.C. isotopic mapping of the southern California sharing this view: given the best forensic lab Berkeley I was exposed to looking at rocks region basement. This returned me to a that money could establish, how good are the and geochemical systems in an entirely new number of first order questions that I was results going to be for a given investigation way by Ian Carmichael and Hal Helgeson. exposed to in seminars and field trips with if the crime scene investigators don’t know John Verhoogan encouraged and nurtured John Crowell, and helped lead me to the long what all to look for, or how to connect the my interest in integrating geophysics with term “wrestling match” referred to above. A dots of various leads as they arise? Should structural geology and petrology. Howell whole new way of viewing global tectonics we concern ourselves with direct parallels in Williams stimulated my interest in the Great emerged for me as I witnessed Don Anderson geologic analysis? The value placed in field-­ Valley subsurface, which has steadily grown develop his eclogite mantle engine model. based multidisciplinary studies by the GSA over the decades since. While at Berkeley Now I am the old guy on the block at Caltech, MGPV Division is, in my opinion, a guiding Jerry van Andel and Bob Ballard were at surrounded by brilliant youngsters! I have light for the geoscience community in keeping Stanford, and we had a series of meetings much to be thankful for. our goals on track with the pursuit of geologic and discussions about Alvin dives into large Like many of my GSA talks over the reality. Thank you MGPV Division for this, transform fracture zones, as a result of my years, now that the introduction is done there and for this very special award! first series of papers published on the Kings- ­ is not much time left for the content, or in Kaweah ophiolite belt. As these discussions this case not much space left if this document began to move towards the serious planning is not to go too long for GSA editorial stages Lee Silver visited Berkeley to give a preferences. The essence of my professional seminar, and out of our discussions began experience lies in the mystery and grandiosity

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

G. K. GILBERT AWARD the contribution of frictional shear heating to mother (an artist), I marveled at the dioramas melting. With students and colleagues, he has in the Field Museum (Chicago) and discovered Presented to developed pioneering techniques to probe the my first trilobite in the coal pits of Illinois. Peter H. Schultz high speed impact process using magnetics, While most kids sold lemonade, I tried selling piezoelectric gauges, spectroscopy, particle plaster casts of my trilobite at 75 cents…not imaging velocimetry and numerical modeling a big seller. But looking at the Moon through calibrated by experiments. a telescope changed all that. My visceral In work with Paul Spudis, he helped extend response to actually seeing another world (not our knowledge of the lunar volcanism time just a photograph) drew me into astronomy. scale. They recognized that dark-haloed craters That latent interest in fossils, though, attracted in the lunar highlands reveal subsurface mafic me to geology classes at Carleton College units and the degradation of small lunar features (Northfield, MN). Passionate teachers there and crater statistics demonstrate that basaltic rekindled my imagining Earth’s past. After eruptions occurred as recently as 0.8 Ga. that, I always carried two geology texts while In work with Marcelo Zárate and flying cross-country, just to understand what colleagues he led the effort to discover and was passing below. characterize impact glass strewn fields within In the end, I entered graduate school in Argentine loess deposits. Results have been astronomy at the University of Texas, Austin. used to redefine the ages of sedimentary During a chance encounter on an Peter H. Schultz deposits, interpret the paleomagnetic record airplane, everything changed. I was reading Brown University and re-assess the paleontological record. about the upcoming Apollo mission, and the Pete has received the Barringer gentleman sitting next to me asked to look at Medal from the Meteoritical Society, the the article. His name was J. Hoover Mackin. Distinguished Scientist Award from the To my surprise, he was part of the upcoming Citation by David A. Crawford Hypervelocity Impact Society and a medal Apollo mission and asked me to look through of achievement from the National Academy boxes of Lunar Orbiter photographs. Mackin I first met Pete Schultz nearly 28 years of Sciences in Argentina. He is the science challenged me about surface processes and ago when I was an undergraduate in his coordinator for the NASA-Ames Vertical taught me the difference between rational and planetary geology class at Brown University. Gun. As co-investigator on planetary missions empirical approaches. Through astronomy, He was a new faculty member then but had Deep Impact, LCROSS and Stardust/NExT, he I learned physical approaches; through already made fundamental contributions to applies his knowledge of the impact process, geology, I recognized the importance of planetary science. Before arriving at Brown he backed by experiments, to mission design and building a reservoir of next questions. had authored or co-edited four books including interpretation. As director of both the Northeast After Mackin’s untimely death, both a book based on his dissertation entitled Planetary Data Center and the NASA/Rhode Bill Muehlberger and Harlan J. Smith (my “Moon Morphology” where he demonstrated Island Space Grant Consortium, he supports formal advisor) encouraged my graduate his artistic and observational skills and applied K-12 science education in Rhode Island. studies. In my second year, Harlan sent me to both to the impact process. Since then he has Pete, your contributions to planetary a Gordon Research Conference (alone) where contributed to our understanding of virtually science are more numerous than a short I met my future mentors and colleagues. One every solid body in the solar system. citation like this can convey. You are a of them, Don Gault, showed movies of his Soon after receiving his PhD, Pete worked deserving recipient of the G. K. Gilbert hypervelocity impact experiments using the with Don Gault on seismic modification award because of your insight, creativity Ames Vertical Gun Range that seemed like of surface features due to large impacts, and contributions to planetary science, the kinetic dioramas: he watched craters form, the beginning of a prosperous scientific field of impact cratering and the community. not just their aftermath. Years later we would collaboration. In a well-regarded paper, he and Congratulations and thank you! have a long and fruitful collaboration. Don argued that because much of the ejecta So what have I learned? First, remember from large impacts would be clouds of low- the usefulness of useless information. Second, density, low-speed debris, their re-impact would Response by Peter H. Schultz the smallest discoveries can have the biggest spread across the surface, rather than be buried Since 3rd grade, I wanted to combine a implications. Third, serendipity can be as and re-mixed within secondary craters. Another love for art, astronomy, and geology. Sixty important as a well-defined path. And fourth, paper with Don on “Atmospheric Effects on years later I’m receiving this award for being talk to the person next to you. Planetary Martian Ejecta Emplacement” is an often cited able to do just that, which seems a bit surreal. geology is my passion, new discoveries still seminal work. Continuing this work with his Although others may be more deserving, I’ll keep me up at night…a curse may I wish for students, Pete has changed our picture of the accept this award on behalf of my students, all my students. crater-atmosphere interaction by categorizing it colleagues, and my wife (my students call her I am humbled to be honored among into regimes dependent on particle size, crater St. Barb), who has put up with a workaholic other first-generation planetary explorers, size and atmospheric density. for 50 years. in the company of mentors and colleagues. Pete has greatly expanded our Funny how careers start. My path was like And I feel fortunate to be able to continue understanding of oblique impacts. His many…a certain teacher, a 3rd grade teacher this journey with my past and current laboratory studies have characterized the fate (Miss Jackson) who had a passion for geology. students, including a special colleague, Dave of the projectile, the evolution of ejecta and Encouraged by my father (a biochemist) and Crawford, as my citationist.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

KIRK BRYAN AWARD The lead author, Neal Iverson, has been Response By Neal R. Iverson at the forefront of efforts to fill that need Thanks Scott, for your generous words. Presented to with measurements beneath modern glaciers, To avoid repetition of responses like the one Neal R. Iverson, Thomas S. Hooyer, studies of the sediments and landforms of I’m about to give, I‘m going to speak for my Jason F. Thomason, Matthew past ice sheets, and laboratory experiments. co-authors today. Let me take a moment to A. Graesch, and Jacqueline R. A central part of this work has been the acknowledge them. When they first considered Marciulionis (Née Shumway) construction and application of large custom graduate school, they probably envisioned ring-shear devices in which various materials, themselves working on an Alpine moraine, in including till, are sheared. In the paper the high Arctic, or at least in a Midwest gravel being honored, the authors demonstrated the pit. I am guessing their plans did not include relationship between till shear deformation spending long days in a small room hunched and the development of till fabric based on over a peculiar looking piece of experimental preferred particle orientations. Traditional equipment, meticulously sampling wet till. measurements of pebble and sand-grain Thank you, Tom, Jason, Matt and Jackie for fabrics and of silt fabrics based on anisotropy adapting, persevering, and innovating—and of magnetic susceptibility were, for the for helping to educate me along the way. first time, calibrated to many known states When I first thought about building the of strain. These results, particularly those device that we used in our study, I was a based on magnetic anisotropy, provided a post-doc in the early 1990s at the University quantitative and reproducible framework of Minnesota struggling to find an academic for inferring patterns and magnitudes of till position. One of my interests was till deformation from the geologic record. Some rheology—a popular topic of the day among longstanding models for interpreting field Neal R. Iverson glaciologists who had realized that glaciers observations, such as models of particle Iowa State University and parts of ice sheets can ride piggyback on rotation based on viscous fluid flow, were shearing sediments. I was reluctant, however, proven incorrect as applied to till and a robust to sink major effort into building a custom foundation was created for determining device with future pay-offs that seemed both how ice sheets move on till beds and affect Citation By Scott C. Lundstrom uncertain and distant. When I raised those sediment fabric. doubts with my supervisor, Roger Hooke, his The Kirk Bryan Award allows us to Why study this problem experimentally? response, delivered after a thoughtful pause, honor the authors of a recent publication I cannot do better answering this question than seemed less than sage: “I’d just build it and that advances the science of geomorphology to read from the final paragraph of the paper see what happens.” In retrospect, Roger was and Quaternary Geology. The 2012 award being honored: right on target. Not until the device was built goes to Neal Iverson, Thomas Hooyer, Jason “Actual subglacial environments are, and we had learned that slowly deforming till Thomason, Matt Graesch, and Jacqueline of course, more complicated than those of does not obey a fluid rheology did all sorts of Shumway, for their paper, “The experimental our experiments, but that is precisely why other untested hypotheses become evident to basis for interpreting particle and magnetic experiments are valuable: at the roots of us. One such hypothesis was that till fabric fabrics of sheared till”—published in Earth complex geologic phenomena are simple could be used to quantitatively characterize Surface Processes and Landforms and invited truths that can be obscured in the geologic the style and magnitude of glacier-bed as part of a special issue on “Reconstructing record but must be understood before claiming deformation. ice-sheet dynamics from subglacial sediments basic understanding of that record. These The subject of untested hypotheses brings and landforms.” simple truths can be illuminated through me back to the point of that somewhat didactic This paper is laudable in several ways, experimentation. Unless field workers paragraph that Scott just read from the end but for the sake of time, I will restrict my seeking to interpret fabrics of basal tills of our paper. In our field, as we all know, citation to two aspects: its importance to reject this well-established philosophy of community-wide consensus can become subglacial geomorphic processes in our reductionist science, they need to either let mistaken for fact, and models can drift from evolving understanding of glaciation, and experimentally-derived conclusions help guide one textbook to the next, unanchored to data. its illustration of the utility of experimental their interpretations or demonstrate why such Compelling ideas and models seem plentiful; approaches to geomorphology. conclusions are wrong.” hypothesis tests that leave us with definitive Subglacial deformation of till can Whether the glacial geology knowledge seem rare. Experiments, of course, activate fast flow of glaciers and ice sheets community has embraced this challenge is can provide a concrete reality check that and contribute to the formation of diverse still unclear. However, there is little doubt complements field studies—but only if a landforms that develop at glacier beds. Yet, that the extensive body of experimental chunk of the natural system is bitten off that for obvious reasons, direct observations of the work presented in this paper is innovative, is small enough to be chewed and swallowed. complex processes that occur there are very rigorous, informative, and very significant to And there’s the rub: the limited scopes, tightly limited, and much of our knowledge is open understanding the dynamics and subglacial drawn objectives, and baby steps forward that to question. Thus, the development of new processes of past glaciers and ice sheets. The characterize most experimental work can seem approaches to test models of bed deformation paper and its authors are richly deserving of out of step with a modern science culture and related subglacial processes is a critical the Kirk Bryan Award. that emphasizes “Earth systems,” “grand need.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS challenges,” and “transformative research.” Tennyson’s famous verse stating that “Science moves, but slowly, slowly, creeping on from point to point” is still true, but it would be unlikely to fly in an NSF proposal. Against this backdrop, experimental reductionism can seem a bit old-fashioned. For this reason my co-authors and I are especially indebted to Scott for his nomination, to those who wrote letters on our behalf, and to the awards committee. Thank you for finding value in playing with mud in the laboratory and honoring our small step forward.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

LAURENCE L. SLOSS name the “Varve Queen” (coined by colleague essentially no senior women scientists for Jon Boothroyd). From the mid-1990s to me to take cues from; how to juggle kids, AWARD the present her research has emphasized family and field work. But, I was fortunate Presented to reconstruction of paleoenvironments of to have many male colleagues who gave Gail M. Ashley hominins in East Africa, including Olduvai me encouragement, built my confidence Gorge in Tanzania and Kenya, as well as and opened doors for me. Marshall Schalk freshwater wetlands and related sites. In (Smith College) was my next door neighbor 1990, she developed the Quaternary Studies and gave me my first book on geology and Graduate Certificate Programat Rutgers told me it was something girls could do. University, which has awarded 25 certificates, George Magill admitted me into grad school presently involves ~15 participating faculty with a less-than-stellar academic record from 5 departments, has 15 students presently and, incidentally, with 2 small children. enrolled, and 6 interdisciplinary courses This instilled in me desperately needed self- approved by the Graduate School. confidence. Miles Hayes taught me the value For the first 23 years of her career at of modern process studies and supervisors Rutgers, she was the only tenured female Joe Hartshorn and Bill Mathews encouraged faculty member in Geological Sciences research independence. Jon Boothroyd and and thus the only female to represent the Norm Smith were great role models for department on College and University field work in modern environments. Tom committees. During this time she served as Hamilton (USGS) relentlessly hammered the sole female role model and mentor for home the importance of careful observations Gail M. Ashley the increasing number of female students in and note taking. John Southard was an Rutgers State University the department. She has also served as a role inspirational guide on how to try to answer model for female geoscientists at the national sedimentological questions with experimental and international level through her leadership studies. Richard Hay, who wrote the book on as an editor of premier journals such as the Olduvai Gorge, graciously encouraged me to Citation by Steven G. Driese Journal of Sedimentary Research, as President take on stratigraphic and geo-archaeological Gail Ashley has made original and of high-profile scientific societies including research at the Gorge and shared his vast lasting contributions to numerous areas of SEPM, GSA and AGI, and her leadership knowledge with me. sedimentary geology, any one of which would on NSF and NRC panels charting research In the last four decades I have seen qualify her for the Sloss Award. directions in sedimentary geology. the gender gap in geology narrow and most Gail has published 91 papers in I have worked closely with Gail since programs now have ~50% women students. refereed journals, supervised the research of 1997 on research in East Africa, and cannot There remains a long way to go for parity 37 graduate students, edited 6 volumes of imagine a better colleague—or a better friend. in Earth Science faculties. Universities research papers, given 5 keynote lectures at As she has done for more than three decades, need to be “family friendly”, to recognize international scientific conferences, 80 invited Gail Ashley continues to lead sedimentary that academics are people first (not just a lectures and authored or co-authored ~150 geology in new directions. Larry Sloss would commodity) and have the right to a full life papers at professional meetings. Her career be proud were he still alive. that includes relationships. spans about 34 years. Her research is field- My career had a steep learning curve and is getting steeper. Yet, I feel I have received based and she has worked in areas ranging Response by Gail M. Ashley from the poles to the equator (Antarctica, more from my colleagues and the 37 grad Alaska, Canada, U.K., Ireland, New England, I am very flattered and grateful to students and hundreds of undergrads, than I New Jersey and East Africa.).The common receive the Laurence L. Sloss Award from have contributed. theme to her research is the application of the Sedimentary Geology Division and want Research has always been fun for me. earth surface processes (sedimentology, to thank all involved in the nomination, Varves, bed forms, pingos, eskers, tidal hydrology, and geomorphology) to particularly those who wrote letters and Steve channels, springs, wetlands and now the interpreting the recent past (Plio-Pleistocene- Driese for his kind words. I knew Larry Sloss, Critical Zone have all been grist to my Holocene) in terms of paleoenvironment and back when….he too had been president of mill. I have been lucky to have the backing paleoclimate. SEPM, GSA, and AGI and did not hesitate of my two children, Kim and Tod) during In the 1970s Gail was one of the pioneers to call me up to give advice when he thought a sometimes very chaotic life. I want to in the application of modern sedimentological I could use it. He called often! But, I think particularly thank my husband Jerry; he is concepts to interpreting glacial deposits. In the he would be o.k. with this award. I am very my reality check, my chief critic and my best 1980s she conducted fluid dynamics research, pleased. friend. I would not be where I am without my using flume runs at M.I.T. In the early 1990s Listening to Steve’s summary of family. she contributed a seminal classification of my career, it sounded like a well-planned large scale bed forms, sequence stratigraphy trajectory. It was anything but that. My career of the Atlantic continental margin, and a was a series of 5-year plans that zigzagged number of papers on glacial sedimentology across the sedimentological landscape from of the Brooks Range in Alaska, as well as in the Antarctic to Africa, changing topics along Ireland and Antarctica. She earned the nick the way. At the time I started, there were

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS

STRUCTURAL and David Pollard (still at the USGS at that • Almost no one sets out to make a profound time) and took course from all of them. But, insight, they just do good science and get GEOLOGY & because of my interest in tectonics that was lucky. But, there are ways that you can TECTONICS CAREER nurtured at Cornell, I was more attracted to enhance that luck by questioning sacred the work of Ben Page, Bob Compton, and cows, measuring something completely CONTRIBUTION Bill Dickinson and thus did a more typical, new, or applying methods from completely AWARD field-based thesis. However, to this day, Ray outside your discipline. Fletcher’s random, no holds barred, emails • And finally, remember that models only Presented to continue to make me think more deeply about exist to help us identify what to observe Richard W. Allmendinger many things than I otherwise would. It was next; they are not an end, but a beginning. also in my Stanford days and shortly after You should never set out to prove a model, that I was mentored by two of the finest field but to disprove a model, especially your geologists at the USGS, Steve Oriel and Max favorite one—if you can’t then you know Crittenden, firmly cementing my worship of you have something. basic field relations. I am probably more widely known for I returned to Cornell, first as a post-doc, my computer programs than I am for my and then worked my way up the academic scientific research, a conclusion one can glean ladder: research associate, professor, and from the fact that, for my career to date my most recently associate dean for diversity and citation count is about 4500, and my impact faculty development in engineering. It was factor is somewhere between 33 and 39, but at Cornell that I began to apply geophysical my Stereonet program download page had methods to structural geology problems via 20,000 hits this past year, alone. Some of the COCORP project and by working with the most gratifying emails I get come from earthquake data. Thanks to Bryan Isacks and students somewhere in the world who have Terry Jordan, I also started a life-long love taken the time to write “I just want to say affair with the Andes and formed many deep thanks for making the program available.” Richard W. Allmendinger and abiding friendships with South American Cornell University All of the programs, though, were written geologists such as Victor Ramos, Constantino to solve the research problems on which we Mpodozis, Betty Coira, Rene Manceda, were currently working and were, ultimately Roberto Hernández, Ernesto Cristallini, a vehicle by which I learned new things. Gabriel González, and José Cembrano. As Citation by Larry Douglas Brown So where is structural geology going? a professor at Cornell, I learned early on Plate tectonics played a fundamental role that your graduate students will make or Citation text not available. in rejuvenating structural geology 50 years break your research program, and I have ago and today, I believe, the most pressing been exceedingly fortunate to have had an problems of the 21st century—energy, extraordinary group, of which Randy is just global climate change, and natural hazards— Response by Richard W. Allmendinger one example. From most, I have learned more likewise will help to rejuvenate structural than I ever taught them and they are the ones geology yet again. Consider that one of Steve Jobs famously said that you can who have kept my research program moving the biggest unknowns in climate science only connect the dots looking backwards, so in new directions throughout the years. right now is the dynamics of continental please indulge me for a minute as I do just I like to joke that: “geophysical data and ice caps: who knows better than structural that. It was really as an undergrad at Cornell methods are much too valuable to be left in the geologists about the deformational behavior in the early 1970s that I knew I wanted to hands of the geophysicists.” But my scientific of crystalline materials near their melting become a geologist. Cornell was an incredibly philosophy is better summed up by comment I temperature? exciting place to be, with many of the gods heard Bob Dott, Jr. make many years ago: “If Of course, many parts of tectonics of plate tectonics: Jack Oliver, Bryan Isacks, your data fit you hypothesis, that’s nice; if they remain as relevant today as they were 30 Jack Bird, Dan Karig, Don Turcotte, Muawia don’t fit, now that is really interesting.” This years ago and good field data never go out Barazangi. But there was another reason— appealed to my iconoclastic streak. My advice of style, but we do need to begin to shift the one which I didn’t appreciate until much to today’s students is: context and perspective that we bring to these later—why Cornell had such a profound effect • Get as quantitative background—math, issues: The new global tectonics is nearly 50 on me: The department had just moved to physics, chemistry, computer science—as years old, we’ve been trying to understand the engineering college so I took a suite of you can, but also see as many rocks as you continental plateau uplift for 30 years or classes much closer to that of your typical can. more, and we have to admit that in many engineer, which it turns out is also a splendid • Science changes during your career and you areas, including many of my own favorites, background for a structural geologist: a year should, too (and grad students are a great we are fine-tuning rather than bringing of computer programing, more math than the way to make that happen). profound new insight. In the meantime, typical geology major of that day (or even today’s undergraduates are likely to be much • Be fearless about working with people today). more interested and motivated by energy outside your discipline (and in other fields I arrived at Stanford in the heyday of and climate change, and if your university entirely). Arvid Johnson, Ray Fletcher, Bernard Hallet, is anything like mine, other disciplines are

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012 MEDALS & AWARDS co-opting these fundamental topics as their discipline. In what other discipline can one time of rapidly changing demographics, that own and don’t even realize that they are claim to have such easy and informal access must change. encroaching on core Earth Science issues. to the very best and brightest in our science? As I turn 60 next year, I figure that I have In closing, let me say how completely That said, it is even more humbling to think about 10 more years to try to live up to the humbling it is to look down the list of of all the deserving greats of our field who honor that you have given me tonight. I’ll do previous winners of this award, many of are not on the list of recipients. There is my best. Thank you again. whom were my professional heroes. Of the definitively (and unfortunately) one way that 24 on the list I met or know all but about five. I do belong on this list though: I am white Though I would like to think this makes me and male. There is but a single woman and special, just about anyone from my generation no underrepresented minorities on that list. If of structural geologists could make the same structural geology is to remain relevant in a claim. It is a measure of the intimacy of our

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA