DOCSLIB.ORG

Growth and Acclimation Responses of Dipterocarp Seedlings to Logging Disturbance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Growth and Acclimation Responses of Dipterocarp Seedlings to Logging Disturbance Growth and acclimation responses of dipterocarp seedlings to logging disturbance Michael J. Clearwater A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute of Ecology and Resource Management University of Edinburgh August 1997 Declaration This thesis has been composed by myself from the results of my own work, except where stated otherwise, and has not been submitted for any other application for a degree. 11 Abstract The growth and acclimation response of wild dipterocarp seedlings to environmental change caused by logging disturbance was examined in lowland dipterocarp forest in Central Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). The aim was to identify environmental and physiological limitations to natural regeneration after logging. The microclimate of logged forest was compared with undisturbed forest. Seedling growth and mortality after logging was described at the population level, and the physiological causes of growth limitation and mortality after logging were explored. A system for estimating daily below canopy PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) from hemispherical photographs was developed and calibrated against direct measurements of PPFD. Predictions from photographs were repeatable, accurate (r 2 > 0.95) and linearly related to measured PPFD over at least the range 5 - 50 % of above canopy daily PPFD. Photographic estimates of the diffuse proportion and above canopy PPFD were independent of canopy cover and representative of measured above canopy values over a range of seasonal conditions, thus supporting the validity of the model. The most important effect of logging on the seedling microclimate will be the increased exposure of seedling leaves to direct sunlight. Air temperature and the vapour pressure deficit of the air were influenced more by season and site location than by canopy opening. Low wind speed was an important feature which will decouple seedling leaves from ambient conditions. It was hypothesised that low boundary layer conductance and high leaf temperatures during periods of direct sunlight would have important effects on dipterocarp seedling regeneration in logging gaps. Logging increased patchiness and removed seedlings from disturbed areas where they were most required. Seedling mortality was lower than in undisturbed forest. Wild light hardwood seedlings (Shorea johorensis, S. leprosula, S. parvifolia, S. ovalis) reached maximum growth rates at moderate PPFDs (5 - 10 mol m 2 day'), and in disturbed soil growth declined with further increases in PPFD. Canopy opening after conventional logging often exceeds that required for maximum seedling release. Seedling nutrient status, mycorrhizal infection and the capacity for photosynthetic acclimation were investigated as potential causes of limitation to growth in open sites. Seedlings of S. leprosula and S. parvifolia were tolerant of low nutrient availability when grown in high light under controlled conditions. Mycorrhizal infection was increased when nutrient availability was low and seedlings were growing fast in high light. Both species exhibited significant architectural and photosynthetic plasticity. S. johorensis seedlings were found to be capable of acclimation to extreme post logging conditions, including changes in leaf nutrient partitioning, but the respiratory cost of acclimation to high leaf temperatures and PPFD may contribute to limitation of seedling growth. Water availability and the response of stomata to humidity were not important limitations during the wet season. Variation in the acclimation response was attributed to soil conditions and seedling nutrient status. It was concluded that the most important limitation to natural regeneration after logging was the direct physical impact on seedling populations and the residual stand at the time of logging. Limitations imposed by microclimate and seedling physiological characteristics will be less important if logging impacts are reduced. 111 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Paul van Gardingen, who gave me the opportunity to work on the Indonesian project and provided lots of support along the way. Thanks also to my second supervisor, John Grace, who was always ready with useful ideas. I am deeply grateful to the many Indonesian people who allowed me the privilege of working in their country and helped me adjust to their culture and forests. In particular the Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) and the Forest Research Institute, Samarinda (BPK) gave permission to work at Wanariset Sangai and to export plant material. Riskan Effendi, Wisnu Rusmantoro, Thomas Nifinluri, Ismanto, Merang, Tanyit Hendrik, and Yan provided vital logistical and scientific support. Chay Asdak assisted with collection of meteorological data. Bidu and the rest of the pondok/camp 48 crew taught me much about life in Kalimantan and provided essential help and entertainment in the field. Simon Armstrong and Peter Wilkie were there in the early days when the dried fish and super mie got a bit too much. The staff of PT Kayu Mas were always helpful when needed. Runci Susilawaty, Yuni Norma Idha, Merty Ilona and Khairul Basyar were collaborators for the work in Chapter 6 and endured through the falling trees, leeches and mud. This research forms a component of the Indonesia UK Tropical Forest Management Programme, funded by DFID and the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry, and I am grateful to Alistair Fraser, David Taylor, Richard Scott, Robert De Kock and other project staff for their support and guidance. In the UK, thanks to Bob Munro and Kevin Ingleby of JTE who counted and identified the mycorrhizas. Steve Long kindly loaned the spectroradiometer. Plant material was imported into Scotland with permission from the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency (Licence No. IMP/SCEIREAI2/1995). None of this would have been possible without excellent support from the Association of Commonwealth Universities in the UK and the Vice Chancellors Committee in New Zealand in the form of a Commonwealth Scholarship. Linda Sharp and Shiela Wilson could always be relied upon. Andy Grey, Derek Scott, Steve Scott, Dave MacKenzie, Bob Astles and Malcolm Ritchie provided essential technical support. Yadvinder Malhi explained the principles of boundary layer meteorology and suggested the possibility of a sea breeze front. Thanks to all my fellow students here in Edinburgh who made life in the department at least as entertaining as that in the jungle. The cries of Patrick Meir and Yadvinder could always be heard from down the corridor, and the menagerie of the first and second floors was always open for a visit. Thanks to James Irvine who always knew the answer to a problem but never believed it. Allen Young helped me right from the beginning and provided lots of stimulating debate as we had one more for the road. Thanks to Mark Rayment for being the second fastest thesis writer in the office. Thanks also to my flatmates for putting up with me over the last few months, and to Julie and Rob for endless dinners, tarantulas, distraction and encouragement. Last but not least, thanks (again) to my parents and my sister Sue, who have always supported me in everything I do. iv Table of Contents Abstract iii Acknowledgements iv List of Abbreviations and Symbols ix 1. Introduction i 1.1 Achieving sustainable forest management 1 1.2 The Dipterocarpaceae 1 1.3 Silvicultural systems and sustainable management 3 1.4 Defining the problem 5 1.5 Dipterocarp seedlings: general characteristics and physiological factors potentially limiting to regeneration 6 Light 7 Nutrients 7 Mycorrhizal associations 8 Soil water and drought 8 Acclimation potential 9 1.6 Study site io 1.7 Thesis Aim: 12 1.8 Thesis structure, objectives and hypotheses 12 2. Calibration of hemispherical photography and estimates of the diffuse component for predicting below canopy light climate in Bornean tropical rain forest 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Methods 17 PPFD measurements 17 Hemispherical photography 19 2.3 Results 23 Global site factor vs measured PPFD 23 V Daily variation iflfd and Qa - measured and modelled values 26 Seasonal variation infd and Qa 28 Combined results 30 2.4 Discussion 31 Conclusions 34 3. Effects of logging and drought on the understorey microclimate of lowland dipterocarp rain forest 36 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Methods 39 Site description 39 Meteorological measurements 39 Sunshine hours 40 Soil surface temperatures 41 3.3 Results 42 Logged versus undisturbed forest 42 Daily versus seasonal variation 44 Daily time courses 45 Variation in cloudiness and sunshine hours 48 Soil temperatures 49 3.4 Discussion 51 Effects of logging 51 Seasonal changes in forest microclimate 54 Nocturnal wind - a sea breeze front? 55 Conclusions 56 4. Population dynamics and growth of dipterocarp seedlings after logging in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia 57 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Methods 59 Site description 59 Seedling tagging and measurement 60 Seedling light climate 61 An alternative approach - light climate estimates for individual seedlings 62 4.3 Results 63 Logging damage and seedling densities 63 Population structure 65 Mortality 68 vi Growth 69 4.4 Discussion 75 Spatial heterogeneity after logging 75 Growth response to light 75 Mortality 77 Interspecific comparisons 78 Conclusions 79 Effects of light and nutrient supply on the growth, mycorrhizal infection and photosynthesis of Shorea seedlings 80 5.1 Introduction 80 5.2 Methods 83 Plant material 83 Experimental treatments 84 Seedling growth
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dipterocarpaceae)
    DNA Sequence-Based Identification and Molecular Phylogeny Within Subfamily Dipterocarpoideae (Dipterocarpaceae) Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) at Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Büsgen Institute Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology Georg-August-Universität Göttingen By Essy Harnelly (Born in Banda Aceh, Indonesia) Göttingen, 2013 Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey Referee : Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey Co-referee : Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft Date of Disputation : 09.01.2013 2 To My Family 3 Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey for accepting me as his PhD student, for his support, helpful advice and guidance throughout my study. I am very grateful that he gave me this valuable chance to join his highly motivated international working group. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft and Prof. Dr. Raphl Mitlöhner, who agreed to be my co-referee and member of examination team. I am grateful to Dr. Kathleen Prinz for her guidance, advice and support throughout my research as well as during the writing process. My deepest thankfulness goes to Dr. Sarah Seifert (in memoriam) for valuable discussion of my topic, summary translation and proof reading. I would also acknowledge Dr. Barbara Vornam for her guidance and numerous valuable discussions about my research topic. I would present my deep appreciation to Dr. Amarylis Vidalis, for her brilliant ideas to improve my understanding of my project. My sincere thanks are to Prof. Dr. Elizabeth Gillet for various enlightening discussions not only about the statistical matter, but also my health issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrient Limitation of Eco-Physiological Processes in Tropical Trees
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Nutrient limitation of eco-physiological processes in tropical trees Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nr1d4f5 Journal Trees (Berlin, Germany : West), 29(5) ISSN 0931-1890 Author Santiago, Louis S Publication Date 2015-10-01 DOI 10.1007/s00468-015-1260-x Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Trees (2015) 29:1291–1300 DOI 10.1007/s00468-015-1260-x REVIEW Nutrient limitation of eco-physiological processes in tropical trees Louis S. Santiago1,2 Received: 20 February 2015 / Revised: 9 July 2015 / Accepted: 13 July 2015 / Published online: 21 July 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Keywords Climate change Á Fertilization Á Hydraulic Key Message Tropical forests play a disproportion- conductivity Á Photosynthesis Á Plant-soil interactions Á ately large role in the global climate system, yet the Tropical tree seedlings extent to which nutrients limit the potential for tropical trees to increase carbon gain as atmospheric carbon dioxide rises is unknown. Introduction Abstract This review focuses on what is known about tropical tree responses to experimental nutrient addition Tropical forests harbor the greatest biodiversity, produc- and how such information is critical for developing a more tivity and terrestrial carbon stocks of any biome and thus complete picture of the ability of tropical forest to respond play a disproportionately large role in the global climate to a changing world. Most of our knowledge of nutrient system (Beer et al. 2010; Saatchi et al. 2011). Thus, trop- limitation of eco-physiological processes in tropical trees is ical forest responses to environmental change and subse- derived from stand-scale nutrient addition experiments, in quent feedbacks to the global climate system are likely to which physiological or growth responses signify limitation be large.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxanomic Composition and Conservation Status of Plants in Imbak Canyon, Sabah, Malaysia
    Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 16: 79–100, 2019 ISSN 1823-3902 E-ISSN 2550-1909 Short Notes Taxanomic Composition and Conservation Status of Plants in Imbak Canyon, Sabah, Malaysia Elizabeth Pesiu1*, Reuben Nilus2, John Sugau2, Mohd. Aminur Faiz Suis2, Petrus Butin2, Postar Miun2, Lawrence Tingkoi2, Jabanus Miun2, Markus Gubilil2, Hardy Mangkawasa3, Richard Majapun2, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah1,4 1Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 2Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia 3 Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Yayasan Sabah 4Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu *Corresponding authors: [email protected] Abstract A study of plant diversity and their conservation status was conducted in Batu Timbang, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah. The study aimed to document plant diversity and to identify interesting, endemic, rare and threatened plant species which were considered high conservation value species. A total of 413 species from 82 families were recorded from the study area of which 93 taxa were endemic to Borneo, including 10 endemic to Sabah. These high conservation value species are key conservation targets for any forested area such as ICCA. Proper knowledge of plant diversity and their conservation status is vital for the formulation of a forest management plan for the Batu Timbang area. Keywords: Vascular plant, floral diversity, endemic, endangered, Borneo Introduction The earth as it is today has a lot of important yet beneficial natural resources such as tropical forests. Tropical forests are one of the world’s richest ecosystems, providing a wide range of important natural resources comprising vital biotic and abiotic components (Darus, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Nazrin Full Phd Thesis (150246576
    Maintenance and conservation of Dipterocarp diversity in tropical forests _______________________________________________ Mohammad Nazrin B Abdul Malik A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Science Department of Animal and Plant Sciences November 2019 1 i Thesis abstract Many theories and hypotheses have been developed to explain the maintenance of diversity in plant communities, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical forests. Maintenance of the composition and diversity of tropical forests is vital, especially species of high commercial value. I focus on the high value dipterocarp timber species of Malaysia and Borneo as these have been extensive logged owing to increased demands from global timber trade. In this thesis, I explore the drivers of diversity of this group, as well as the determinants of global abundance, conservation and timber value. The most widely supported hypothesis for explaining tropical diversity is the Janzen Connell hypothesis. I experimentally tested the key elements of this, namely density and distance dependence, in two dipterocarp species. The results showed that different species exhibited different density and distance dependence effects. To further test the strength of this hypothesis, I conducted a meta-analysis combining multiple studies across tropical and temperate study sites, and with many species tested. It revealed significant support for the Janzen- Connell predictions in terms of distance and density dependence. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, I highlight how environmental adaptation affects dipterocarp distribution, and the relationships of plant traits with ecological factors and conservation status. This analysis showed that environmental and ecological factors are related to plant traits and highlights the need for dipterocarp conservation priorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Nesting and Nest Trees of Stingless Bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in Lowland Dipterocarp Forests in Sabah, Malaysia, with Implicatio
    Forest Ecology and Management 172 (2003) 301±313 Nesting and nest trees of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in lowland dipterocarp forests in Sabah, Malaysia, with implications for forest management Thomas Eltza,*, Carsten A. BruÈhla, Zamrie Imiyabirb, K. Eduard Linsenmaira aDepartment of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute for Biosciences, Am Hubland, D-97074 WuÈrzburg, Germany bSabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia Received 9 May 2001; received in revised form 19 October 2001; accepted 19 October 2001 Abstract Nesting habits of highly social stingless bees (Meliponini) were studied in lowland dipterocarp forests in Sabah, Borneo. A total of 275 nests of 12 species of bees were located. All nests were closely associated with living (91.5%) or dead (8.5%) trees, either within pre-formed cavities in the trunk (cavity nests) or situated in or under the tree base (base nests). Species of bees differed in nesting habit. The majority of species (seven) were cavity nesters, but the majority of nests (81%) were base nests. Nests were often aggregated (mean of 1.94 nests/nest tree), with up to eight colonies and three species in a single tree. Nest trees were mostly large to very large (86.1% above 60 cm dbh) commercial timber trees; 47.3% of nest trees were dipterocarps. According to visual inspection nest trees were of signi®cantly lower expected timber quality then randomly chosen control trees. Taking into account information on tree species, size and expected timber quality, we estimated that 34.0 or 42.6% of nest trees were potential harvest trees, depending on harvesting regulations (reduced impact logging (RIL) versus conventional).
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variation of the Genus Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) in Indonesia
    Genetic variation of the genus Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) in Indonesia Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilments of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Forestry Science at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August University of Göttingen by Cui-Ping Cao born in Gansu, China Göttingen 2006 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey Referees of the dissertation: Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües Date of oral examination: 20 February 2006 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl/?webdoc-689 i Acknowledgements I would like to express my hearty gratitude to Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey for accepting me as a Ph. D. candidate, his excellent supervision, valuable suggestion and support, great patience and encouragement during the conduction of this work. I am thankful to Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües for consenting to be the co-referee and to Prof. Dr. Gode Gravenhorst and Prof. Dr. Ralph Mitlöhner for their efforts as members of the examination committee. I am also grateful to Dr. Oliver Gailing for his valuable guidance, many helpful ideas and constructive discussions, and Iskandar Siregar for providing the experimental leaf material from Indonesia Thanks must be given to Prof. Dr. Martin Ziehe for his valuable advices in terms of data analysis, Prof. Dr. Hans H. Hattemer, Prof. Dr. Hans-Rolf Gregorius, Dr. Ludger Leinemann and Dr. Barbara Vornam and Dr. Elizabeth M. Gillet for their friendly behaviour and help in some way or another in all phases of my work. Special acknowledgements are given to the valuable technical assistance in laboratory work of Mr. Gerold Dinkel, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Shorea Johorensis (Dipterocarpaceae), an Addition to the Flora of Singapore
    Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (1): 19–23. 2018 19 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(1).2018-04 Shorea johorensis (Dipterocarpaceae), an addition to the flora of Singapore S.K. Ganesan1, H.K. Lua2 & Ali Ibrahim1 1Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259659 Singapore [email protected] 2National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore ABSTRACT. A new distributional record to Singapore of Shorea johorensis Foxw. (Dipterocarpaceae) is described and illustrated. This species is known from remnant lowland dipterocarp forest in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore. Notes on distribution, ecology and conservation status are given. This species is assessed as critically endangered for Singapore. Keywords. Conservation assessment, Malaysia Introduction The Herbarium at Singapore Botanic Gardens has recently embarked on a project to document the plants in the Republic of Singapore in the form of a comprehensive Flora. This offers opportunities for the critical re-examination of existing herbarium material and field collection of new herbarium material. One of the results of this is the discovery of new distributional records for Singapore. Here, a new record of Shorea johorensis Foxw. (Dipterocarpaceae) in Singapore is presented. Shorea Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn. comprises about 196 species that are distributed from South Asia through Myanmar, Indochina, South China and Malesia. Shorea has been divided into 11 sections, some of which may be considered at generic rank (Ashton, 2004). Chloroplast molecular data has suggested that Shorea may be paraphyletic (Dayanandan et al., 1999; Gamage et al., 2004; Kamiya et al., 2005). However, there has been no re- circumscription of Shorea to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis
    DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Phylogenetic community structure assessment of a mixed Dipterocarp forest using DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny of the dominant tree family Dipterocarpaceae“ verfasst von / submitted by Jacqueline Heckenhauer, BSc, MSc angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 794 685 437 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Biologie/Biology field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: ao. Univ.-Prof. i. R. Dipl.-Biol. Mag. Dr. Mary Rosabelle Samuel ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Rosabelle Samuel for giving me the opportunity to write my PhD thesis about such an interesting topic, for her excellent supervision, and for supporting me to participate at conferences. She always had time when questions arose. I would also like to thank her for the helpful suggestions and the constructive criticism regarding the preparations of the manuscripts. I would like to thank all collaborators and co-authors for their great professional support, especially, Dr. Kamariah Abu Salim, for enabling trouble-free field work by dealing with the export permits and providing material; Ass. Prof. Ovidiu Paun, for being a brilliant advisor regarding the RADseq, during library preparation, as well as with analysis and interpretation of RADseq data; Prof. Mark W. Chase, for interesting debates during his visits to Vienna and his help in editing English texts; Charles Bullard Professor Peter S.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaf Architecture of 35 Species of Dipterocarpaceae Cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes in Carita, Banten, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 22, Number 7, July 2021 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 2952-2960 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220748 Short communication: Leaf architecture of 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes in Carita, Banten, Indonesia ALNUS MEINATA, MOHAMMAD NA’IEM, DWI TYANINGSIH ADRIYANTI♥, ATUS SYAHBUDIN Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-274-550541, Fax.: +62-274-550541, ♥email: [email protected], [email protected] Manuscript received: 18 March 2021. Revision accepted: 27 June 2021. Abstract. MeinataA, Na’iem M, Adriyanti DT, Syahbudin A. 2021. Short communication: Leaf architecture of 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes in Carita, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2952-2960. Dipterocarpaceae is a major commercial timber characterized by high unbranched bole, paired stipules, and winged fruit. The identification process in the family becomes problematic, in cases where the generative organ is absent. Therefore, a new approach needs to be established to address any misidentification leading to improper utilization. This study aims to determine the leaf architecture in 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes (KHDTK) Carita, Banten, Indonesia. The ten leaf samples collected were the third and fourth leaves from terminal shoots of a single tree of each species. Subsequently, the data were observed and measured based on the 17 morphological characters. Each character was then scored and analyzed using multivariate analyses cluster to determine the relationship between species. Dipterocarpaceae generally has pinnate leaf category, geniculate petiole, and entire margin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest
    This page intentionally left blank The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest Current knowledge of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees is limited, with detailed information available for perhaps only a few hundred of the many thousands of species that occur. Yet a good understanding of the trees is essential to unravelling the workings of the forest itself. This book aims to summarise contemporary understanding of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees. The emphasis is on comparative ecology, an approach that can help to identify possible adaptive trends and evolutionary constraints and which may also lead to a workable ecological classification for tree species, conceptually simplifying the rain-forest community and making it more amenable to analysis. The organisation of the book follows the life cycle of a tree, starting with the mature tree, moving on to reproduction and then considering seed germi- nation and growth to maturity. Topics covered therefore include structure and physiology, population biology, reproductive biology and regeneration. The book concludes with a critical analysis of ecological classification systems for tree species in the tropical rain forest. IAN TURNERhas considerable first-hand experience of the tropical rain forests of South-East Asia, having lived and worked in the region for more than a decade. After graduating from Oxford University, he took up a lecturing post at the National University of Singapore and is currently Assistant Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. He has also spent time at Harvard University as Bullard Fellow, and at Kyoto University as Guest Professor in the Center for Ecological Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Shorea Johorensis Foxw Shorea Leprosula Miq
    ISBN: 978-602-9096-13-2 Nara Sumber: Sutedjo, Wahyuni Hartati, Marjenah, Wawan Kustiawan, Sumaryono, Djumali Mardji, Rujehan Shorea leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya dan Pengembangan Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa 2014 Shorea leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya dan Pengembangan Shorea leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw : Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya dan Pengembangan ©2014 Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa. Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang Jl. AW. Syahrani No.68, Sempaja, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Telp. 0541-206364, Fax. 0541-742298 Dicetak di Samarinda ISBN: 978-602-9096-13-2 Pengarah: Kepala Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa Penanggung Jawab: Kepala Bidang Data, Informasi dan Kerjasama Penulis: Agus Wahyudi, Nilam Sari, Amiril Saridan, Deddy Dwi Nur Cahyono, Rayan, Massofian Noor, Andrian Fernandes, Abdurachman, Hartati Apriani, Rini Handayani, Asef K. Hardjana, Farida H. Susanty, Karmilasanti, Ngatiman, M. Fajri, Catur Budi Wiati, Tien Wahyuni. Photo Cover: Asef KH Cover Design & Layout: M. Sahri Chair Dilarang memperbanyak atau memindahkan sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini dalam bentuk apapun, baik secara elektronis maupun mekanis, termasuk memphotocopy, merekam atau dengan sistem penyimpanan lainnya, tanpa izin tertulis dari penulis Penerbit: Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa, Jl. AW. Syahrani No.68, Sempaja, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Telp. 0541-206364, Fax. 0541-742298 Percetakan: CV. Mandiri
    [Show full text]
  • Dipterocarpaceae
    Dipterocarpaceae : Mycorrhizae and Regeneration W.T.M. Smits CENTRALE LANDBO UW CATALO GU S 0000 0572 5169 BlöLlOTaiEKM CKNDBOUWUNIVERS TTlCTi , WACiF.NINCEN Promotoren : dr. ir. R.A.A. Oldeman, hoogleraar in de bosteelt en bosoecologie dr. ir. J. Dekker, emeritus hoogleraar in de fytopathologie fJ>J0k'2ö't ,ßrj 2 1 OKT. f994 W.T.M. Smits i .r- » ^ „ UB-CARDEX Dipterocarpaceae : Mycorrhizae and Regeneration Proefschrift ter verkrijging van degraa d van doctor in de landbouw- en milieuwetenschappen op gezag van de rectormagnificus , dr. C.M. Karssen, inhe t openbaar te verdedigen opwoensda g 12 oktober 1994 des namiddags tevie r uur ind eAul a van de Landbouwuniversiteit teWageningen . Uitgegeven als boek door Stichting Tropenbos ,':> n bb'n}û Abstract Smits, W.T.M. (1994). Dipterocarpaceae : Mycorrhizae and Regeneration. PhD Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, 242 pp.,7 6figs., 2 7tables , 9boxes , 8 plates with colour pictures, 242 references, 16 terms in glossary, English, Dutch and Indonesian summaries. Research on mycorrhizae of Dipterocarpaceae is described, involving inventories of both mycorrhizae and sporocarps in natural forest and experimental work in nurseries, green houses, laboratories and gnotobiotic systems. An assessment is made of dipterocarp mycorrhizalspecificit y anda discussio ni spresente do nho wmycorrhiza lspecificit y mayhav e contributed to speciation in Dipterocarpaceae. Other aspects touched upon include work on a non-ectomycorrhizal association of a fungus with dipterocarp roots, proposed to be called amphymycorrhizae. Also discussed are the effects of physical influences upon dipterocarp ectomycorrhizae, demonstrating the negative impacto f hightopsoi ltemperature s and lacko f oxygen upon functioning and survival of dipterocarp ectomycorrhizae.
    [Show full text]