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History of Dogma - Volume IV History of Dogma - Volume IV Author(s): Harnack, Adolf (1851-1930) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: Harnack's multi-volume work is considered a monument of liberal Christian historiography. For Harnack, applying the methods of historical criticism to the Bible signified a return to true Christianity, which had become mired in unnecessary and even damaging creeds and dogmas. Seeking out what ªactually happened,º for him, was one way to strip away all but the foundations of the faith. With the History of Dogma series, Harnack sets out on this project, tracing the accumu- lation of Christianity's doctrinal systems and assumptions, particularly those inherited from Hellenistic thought. As Har- nack explains, only since the Protestant Reformation have Christians begun to cast off this corrupting inheritance, which must be entirely cast off if Christianity is to remain credible and relevant to people's lives. Rather controversially, the historian rejects the Gospel of John as authoritative on the basis of its Greek influences. Kathleen O'Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Doctrinal theology Doctrine and dogma i Contents Title Page 1 Volume IV. 2 Prefatory Material 3 Second Part - Continued. 10 First Book - Continued 10 Chapter I. The Doctrine of the Homousia of the Son of God with God Himself. 10 Introduction 11 1. From the Beginning of the Controversy to the Council of Nicæa 14 2. To the Death of Constantius. 60 3. To the Councils of Constantinope 381. 383. 78 Appendix. 101 Chapter II. The Doctrine of the Perfect Likeness of the Nature of the Incarnate 125 Son of God with that of Humanity. Chapter III. The Doctrine of the Personal Union of the Divine and the Human 146 Natures in the Incarnate Son of God. Introduction 147 1. The Nestorian Controversy. 148 2. The Eutychian Controversy. 168 3. The Monophysite Controversies and the Fifth Council. 196 4. The Monergist and Monothelite Controversies. The Sixth Council and Johannes 216 Damascenus. Chapter IV. The Mysteries and Kindred Subjects. 228 Chapter V. Appendix.—Sketch of the History of the Genesis of the Orthodox 274 System. Indexes 292 Index of Scripture References 293 Greek Words and Phrases 295 ii Latin Words and Phrases 331 French Words and Phrases 341 Index of Pages of the Print Edition 342 iii This PDF file is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, www.ccel.org. The mission of the CCEL is to make classic Christian books available to the world. • This book is available in PDF, HTML, and other formats. See http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma4.html. • Discuss this book online at http://www.ccel.org/node/3524. The CCEL makes CDs of classic Christian literature available around the world through the Web and through CDs. We have distributed thousands of such CDs free in developing countries. If you are in a developing country and would like to receive a free CD, please send a request by email to [email protected]. The Christian Classics Ethereal Library is a self supporting non-profit organization at Calvin College. If you wish to give of your time or money to support the CCEL, please visit http://www.ccel.org/give. This PDF file is copyrighted by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. It may be freely copied for non-commercial purposes as long as it is not modified. All other rights are re- served. Written permission is required for commercial use. iv Title Page Title Page HISTORY OF DOGMA ii BY iiiiv DR. ADOLPH HARNACK ORDINARY PROF. OF CHURCH HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY, AND FELLOW OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, BERLIN TRANSLATED FROM THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION BY NEIL BUCHANAN VOLUME IV and VOLUME V Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company Limited, 10 Orange Street, London W. C. 2. This new Dover edition, first published in 1961, is an unabridged republication of the English translation of the third German edition that appeared circa 1900. This Dover edition is an unaltered re-publication except that minor typographical errors in Volume VII have been corrected. The original English edition appeared as seven separate volumes, whereas this Dover edition is published complete in four separate volumes. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-4455 Manufactured in the United States of America Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York 14, N.Y. vi 1 Volume IV. Volume IV. HISTORY OF DOGMA BY DR. ADOLPH HARNACK Volume IV vii 2 Prefatory Material Prefatory Material EDITORIAL NOTE. The volume now issued finishes Volume II. of the original, of which a portion appears in Volume III. of the English Translation. The first chapter of this volume corresponds to viii Chapter VII. of Volume II. of the original, which treats of the Divinity of Christ. The remain- ing third volume of the German Edition will occupy three volumes in the English Translation, making seven volumes in all. A. B. BRUCE. CONTENTS. ix Page x CHAPTER I.—The Doctrine of the Homousia of the Son of God with God 1-107 Himself (1) From the Beginning of the Controversy to the Council of Nice 2-59 Lucian and the Lucianists 3 Account and explanation of Lucian’s doctrine 4 Arius and the outbreak of the Arian Controversy, the parties, the first 7 developments up to the Nicene Council The Formulæ to which Arius took exception 12 The Doctrine of Arius 14 The Doctrine of Bishop Alexander 21 The Doctrine of Athanasius 26 Estimate of the two opposing Christologies 38 The Council of Nice, the parties 50 The Nicene Creed 53 The Homousios and the influence of Hosius 56 Apparent result 59 (2) To the Death of Constantius 59-80 The situation after the Nicene Council 59 3 Prefatory Material The policy of Constantine 60 Constantine’s sons: Constantius 62 The predominance of the Eusebians 64 Marcellus of Ancyra 65 The Councils of Antioch 67 The Council of Sardica 68 The Formula of Antioch 69 Councils at Milan, Photinus of Sirmium 70 Constantius sole ruler; Councils at Sirmium, Arles, Milan 72 x The strict Arians, the Homoiousians and the Homœans 74 The imperial policy of union at Sirmium, Rimini, Seleucia, Nice and 77 Constantinople; victory of the Homuœan Confession (3) To the Councils of Constantinople 381, 383 80-107 The agreement between the Homoiousians and Homousians 81 The Synod of Alexandria and the concession of the orthodox 83 The new orthodoxy in the East; the Cappadocians and their scientific 84 doctrine of the Trinity The split at Antioch 89 Valens; the domination of the Arians in the East; the Homoiousians 90 go over to orthodoxy; alliance with the West Damasus; tension between the old and the new orthodoxy 92 Gratian and Theodosius 93 Theodosius takes his stand on the new orthodoxy 94 Council and Creed of Constantinople in the year 381, triumph of the 94 new orthodoxy in consequence of politics and science Serious tension with the West 101 Adjustment of differences in 382; service rendered by Ambrose l01, 103 End of Arianism; Council of 383 104 4 Prefatory Material APPENDIX.—The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit and of the Trinity 108- 137 I. The wholly indefinite condition of the doctrine of the Holy Spirit in 109 the first centuries; Irenæus, Tertullian, Origen; development of the doctrine in accordance with the analogy of the doctrine of the Logos Arians and Athanasius 112 Macedonians (Pneumatomachians) and Athanasius 114 The doctrine of the Cappadocians; consubstantiality of the Spirit; 115 uncertainties The Westerns 117 Condemnation of the Macedonians in 381 118 II. The doctrine of the Trinity held by Apollinaris and the Cappadocians 119 Comparison with Tertullian’s doctrine of the Trinity 121 Aristotelian and Subordinationist element in the doctrine of the 124 Trinity Tritheists, Johannes Damascenus 125 Doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit in the East and West 126 Photius maintains the old doctrine of the Trinity 127 Philosophy and Trinitarian dogma 128 The Western doctrine of the Trinity; Augustine 129 The filioque and the Athanasian Creed 133 The three so-called Ecumenical Creeds 135 Concluding remarks on the form in which the doctrine of the Trinity 137 came to be accepted CHAPTER II.—The Doctrine of the Perfect Likeness of the Nature of the In- 138- carnate Son of God with that of Humanity 163xi Introduction: Views regarding the humanity of Christ up to the middle 138 of the Fourth Century Close connection between the Trinitarian and Christological problems 143 from that time 5 Prefatory Material Tertullian’s doctrine, the root of the orthodox doctrines 144 The humanity of Christ according to the Arians mere σάρξ 146 The Christology of Athanasius and Marcellus; origin of the formulæ, 147 μία φύσις, δύο φίσεις The doctrine of Apollinaris of Laodicea as the first rigidly developed 149 Christology The condemnation of this doctrine; the perfect likeness of the human- 158 ity of Christ with human nature is elevated to the rank of dogma The doctrine of the Cappadocians regarding the humanity and the 160 unity of the God-Man The difficulty of the Problem which now emerged 163 CHAPTER III.—Continuation: The Doctrine of the Personal Union of the 164- Divine and Human Natures in the Incarnate Son of God 267 Introduction 164 (1) The Nestorian Controversy 165- 190 The Christology of the Antiochians 165 The Christology of Cyril 174 Outbreak of the Controversy, Nestorius 180 The attitude of the Roman Bishop Cœlestin, his repudiation of the 182 Western view The Anathemas 186 The Council of Ephesus 186 The Formula of union of the year 433 189 Cyril gains the upper hand 190 (2) The Eutychian Controversy 190- 226 Survey of the position of the Alexandrian Patriarchs in the Church; 190 Rome, Alexandria and the Byzantine State Significance of the political conditions for the Eutychian Controversy 195 The Church after the union of the year 433 197 6 Prefatory Material Eutyches and the charge against him; Flavian and the Council of 448 199 The appeal to Leo I 201 Dioscurus, the Master of the Eastern Church 201 Leo’s Letters, the Ep.
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