DOCSLIB.ORG

Athel Pine (Tamarix Aphylla) NT Weed Risk Assessment Technical Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Athel Pine (Tamarix Aphylla) NT Weed Risk Assessment Technical Report Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) NT Weed Risk Assessment Technical Report January 2014 www.nt.gov.au/weeds Athel pine Tamarix aphylla Please cite this report as: Department of Land Resource Management (2014). Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) NT Weed Risk Assessment Technical Report, Department of Land Resource Management, Darwin. ISBN: 978-1-74350-050-7 Acknowledgments The NT Weed Risk Management (WRM) System was jointly developed by Charles Darwin University (CDU) and the Weed Management Branch, Department of Land Resource Management (DLRM); our thanks to Samantha Setterfield, Natalie Rossiter-Rachor and Michael Douglas at CDU. Project funding for the development of the NT WRM System, obtained by Keith Ferdinands and Samantha Setterfield, came from the Natural Heritage Trust. Our thanks to the NT WRM Reference Group for their assistance in building the NT WRM System and the NT WRM Committee for their role in building the system and their ongoing role in weed risk assessments. Cover photo (top): Cultivated athel pines growing near buildings. Cover photo (bottom): Athel pine infestation along the Finke River, NT. Final report compiled January 2014. Edited by Louis Elliott, Department of Land Resource Management. NOTE: Online resources are available at https://nt.gov.au/environment/weeds/list-of- declared-weeds-in-the-nt/athel-pine which provide information about the NT Weed Risk Management System including an explanation of the scoring system, a fact sheet and user guide, a map of the NT weed management regions and FAQs. Weed Management Branch contacts For more information or advice in relation to the identification, management or monitoring of weeds please contact the Weed Management Branch: Phone: (08) 8999 4567 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nt.gov.au/weeds The NT Herbarium can also provide plant identification advice Phone: (08) 8999 4516 Rangelands Division Department of Land Resource Management PO Box 496 Palmerston NT 0831 © Northern Territory of Australia, 2014 This product and all material forming part of it is copyright belonging to the Northern Territory of Australia. You may use this material for your personal, non-commercial use or use it with your organisation for non-commercial purposes provided that an appropriate acknowledgement is made and the material is not altered in any way. Subject to the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 you must not make any other use of this product (including copying or reproducing it or part of it in any way) unless you have the written permission of the Northern Territory of Australia to do so. 2 www.nt.gov.au/weeds Athel pine Tamarix aphylla Weed risk and Feasibility of Control results Table 1. Weed Risk and Feasibility of Control (FOC) results for athel pine (Tamarix aphylla). Weed Risk is calculated for the whole of the Northern Territory; FOC is calculated by Weed Management Region. Maximum score for Weed Risk and FOC is 1000. Each has three sections (A, B, C), with section scores expressed as a percentage. Weed Risk (NT) Band Very high Score 412 Note: For an explanation of how the Weed Risk and Feasibility of Control scores and bands are calculated, A. Invasiveness (%) 83 and for the Northern Territory Weed Management B. Impacts (%) 74 Regions, refer to www.nt.gov.au/weeds/risk. C. Potential distribution (%) 67 Feasibility of Control (by region) Weed Management Region Darwin Katherine Tennant Creek Alice Springs Band - - High Medium Score - - 251 125 A. # Control costs (%) - - 55 55 B. ## Current distribution (%) - - 100 50 C. Persistence (%) - - 46 46 # A high score indicates low control costs and contributes to a high Feasibility of Control. ## A high score indicates a restricted distribution and contributes to a high Feasibility of Control. Table 2. Broad management response recommended for athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) by Weed Management Region, according to Weed Risk and Feasibility of Control assessments. Feasibility of Control Very high–High Medium–Low Prevent movement; regional eradication; Targeted control (including biocontrol)/protect Very high contain regional spread; protect priority sites priority sites Prevent movement; contain regional spread; High protect priority sites Targeted control Medium Targeted control; improve general weed Improve general weed management management; monitor; protect priority sites Low Monitor; assist interested parties Assist interested parties Tennant Creek Region Alice Springs Region www.nt.gov.au/weeds Athel pine Tamarix aphylla 3 Background information Taxon Tamarix aphylla Synonyms Tamarix articulata, Thuja aphylla Common name Athel pine Other names Tamarisk, saltcedar, athel tree Family Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family) Lifeform Tree Environment Terrestrial Origin Northern Africa, the Arabian Peninsular, Iran and India. Legislation Declared in all other Australian states and territories. Declared Class A and Class B in different parts of the Northern Territory. The NT declaration zones for athel pine are available at: www.nt.gov.au/weeds/find/athelpine. Description Large, spreading tree up to 15 m tall. Athel pine is not a true conifer or pine, but its pendulous needles and branches give it the appearance of one. Salt secreting glands in the needles create a whitish coating giving the tree foliage a silvery grey appearance. Small, white and pink flowers occur in dense racemes. Habitat Dominates sandy riparian habitats in the arid zone. In the Northern Territory, it forms monospecific stands along rivers and adjacent fringing woodlands in the arid zone. It is spread by wind and floodwaters, and is able to establish on sandy soils free of other vegetation. Distribution There are large infestations present in South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia. In the Northern Territory athel pine is mainly found in the central region, where it was extensively planted in Aboriginal communities and at homesteads, bores and roadhouses as far north as the Barkly region. Extensive stands of athel pine are found on the Finke River system south of Alice Springs. Other Athel pine is recognised as a Weed of National Significance. Athel pine is also a significant invasive species in southern USA. Current situation in the NT In the Northern Territory (NT) athel pine is well established in the Finke River, this being the largest naturalised infestation in Australia. Infestations outside this core area, such as those found in Walker and Karinga Creeks, are smaller and of lower density, and as such have been prioritised for management. Historical and amenity plantings of athel pine are found throughout the southern region of the Territory. As these present potential for spread, their control and removal is also considered a management priority. 4 www.nt.gov.au/weeds Athel pine Tamarix aphylla Summary of Weed Risk and Feasibility of Control Weed RIsk A. Invasiveness: Intentionally introduced into Australia and widely planted for shade. Current infestations originate from trees planted around homesteads and communities. Seed viability is moderate (c. 22%), but a single tree is capable of producing enormous quantities of tiny seed (c. 500 000) which are principally spread by floodwaters. A major dispersal event occurred in the NT with the flood of 1974, with floods in later years aiding further establishment. It is also able to spread vegetatively—broken stem fragments can take root and are also spread by floods. People may continue to accidentally spread athel pine with heavy machinary such as graders. B. Impact: Forms monocultures which displace native vegetation, particularly the iconic river red gums (Eucalyptus camuldulensis) and coolibah (Eucalyptus microtheca) in central Australia. Athel pine extracts salt from the soil, causing salination affecting plant growth up to 50 m away. It lowers the water table, dry up waterholes, adds to sedimentation rates and can change the course of rivers. Only salt-tolerant herbs or grasses can grow under athel pine, so it reduces grazing area. Native birds, reptiles and insects are negatively impacted—athel pine flowers have no nectar, the trees do not provide hollows for nesting, and it is a poor source of food for invertebrates. A threatened species of brushtail possum is impacted. C. Potential distribution: Wide native and introduced range throughout arid and semi-arid zone, surviving in areas with rainfall as low as 100 mm/year. The climate for optimum growth is probably 350–500 mm/year. Particularly suitable vegetation types in the NT are arid and semi-arid riparian and wetland areas, due to dispersal by floodwaters and the close proximity of groundwater. Feasibility of Control A. Control costs Moderate. Athel pine is readily identifiable and infestations are generally accessible for treatment. However, the tree does not translocate chemical well. Chemical and labour costs are very high, especially for large infestations. B. Current distribution (NT) Large stands of athel pine exist on the Finke River system in the Alice Springs Region. In other parts of the arid and semi-arid NT, infestations tend to isolated. In these areas, isolated trees planted for amenity purposes continue to exist. C. Persistence Moderate. Seeds remain viable for a only a few weeks. However vegetative propagules can propagate even when there is no seed. The tree can live for at least several decades. General Management Recommendations Refer to the Weed Management Plan for Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla). This can be found at www.nt.gov.au/weeds/find/athelpine. 5 www.nt.gov.au/weeds Athel pine Tamarix aphylla Weed Risk Assessment - Determinations A. INVASIVENESS Determination A1. What is the ability of the plant to establish amongst intact native environments? Very high A2. What is the reproductive ability of the plant? a) Time to seeding 2-3 years b) Annual production of viable seed per sq m or /plant High c) Vegetative reproduction Frequent A3. Do propagules of the plant have properties that allow them to be dispersed long-distance by natural means? a) Flying animals (birds, bats) Don't know b) Other wild animals Don't know c) Water Yes d) Wind Yes A4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anti-Inflammatory Principles from Tamarix Aphylla L.: a Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Study
    molecules Article Anti-Inflammatory Principles from Tamarix aphylla L.: A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Study Adel S. Gadallah 1,2, Mujeeb-ur-Rehman 1, Atta-ur-Rahman 1, Sammer Yousuf 1 , Atia-tul-Wahab 3, Almas Jabeen 3, Mahmoud M. Swilam 2, Shaden A. M. Khalifa 4, Hesham R. El-Seedi 1,2,4,5,* and M. Iqbal Choudhary 1,3,6,* 1 H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan; [email protected] (A.S.G.); [email protected] (M.-u.-R.); [email protected] or [email protected] (A.-u.-R.); [email protected] (S.Y.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; [email protected] 3 Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan; [email protected] (A.-t.-W.); [email protected] (A.J.) 4 Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] 5 International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.R.E.-S.); [email protected] (M.I.C.) Academic Editor: Karel Šmejkal Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 27 June 2020; Published: 30 June 2020 Abstract: Natural products have served as primary remedies since ancient times due to their cultural acceptance and outstanding biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees of Somalia
    Trees of Somalia A Field Guide for Development Workers Desmond Mahony Oxfam Research Paper 3 Oxfam (UK and Ireland) © Oxfam (UK and Ireland) 1990 First published 1990 Revised 1991 Reprinted 1994 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 0 85598 109 1 Published by Oxfam (UK and Ireland), 274 Banbury Road, Oxford 0X2 7DZ, UK, in conjunction with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK Typeset by DTP Solutions, Bullingdon Road, Oxford Printed on environment-friendly paper by Oxfam Print Unit This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Acknowledgements IV Introduction Chapter 1. Names, Climatic zones and uses 3 Chapter 2. Tree descriptions 11 Chapter 3. References 189 Chapter 4. Appendix 191 Tables Table 1. Botanical tree names 3 Table 2. Somali tree names 4 Table 3. Somali tree names with regional v< 5 Table 4. Climatic zones 7 Table 5. Trees in order of drought tolerance 8 Table 6. Tree uses 9 Figures Figure 1. Climatic zones (based on altitude a Figure 2. Somali road and settlement map Vll IV Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the following organisations and individuals: Oxfam UK for funding me to compile these notes; the Henry Doubleday Research Association (UK) for funding the publication costs; the UK ODA forestry personnel for their encouragement and advice; Peter Kuchar and Richard Holt of NRA CRDP of Somalia for encouragement and essential information; Dr Wickens and staff of SEPESAL at Kew Gardens for information, advice and assistance; staff at Kew Herbarium, especially Gwilym Lewis, for practical advice on drawing, and Jan Gillet for his knowledge of Kew*s Botanical Collections and Somalian flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamarix Aphylla Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Tamarix aphylla Tamarix aphylla System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Violales Tamaricaceae Common name Tamariske (German), woestyntamarisk (Afrikaans), athel-pine (English), saltcedar (English), tamarix (English), tamarisk (English), desert tamarix (English), taray (Spanish), Athel tamarisk (English), tamaris (French), athel-tree (English), farash (English, India) Synonym Tamarix articulata , Vahl Thuja aphylla , L. Similar species Summary The athel pine, Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst., is native to Africa and tropical and temperate Asia. It is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 m, and has been introduced around the world, mainly as shelter and for erosion control. Seedlings of T. aphylla develop readily once established, and grow woody root systems that can reach as deep as 50 m into soil and rock. It can extract salts from soil and water excrete them through their branches and leaves. T. aphylla can have the following effects on ecological systems: dry up viable water sources; increase surface soil salinity; modification of hydrology; decrease native biodiversity of plants, invertebrates, birds, fish and reptiles; and increase fire risk. Management techniques that have been used to control T. aphylla include mechanical clearing - using both machinery and by hand - and/or herbicides. view this species on IUCN Red List Notes Tamarix aphylla Is thought to hybridise with the smallflower tamarisk, T. parviflora. (National Athel Pine Management Committee 2008). Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Tamarix aphylla. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=697 [Accessed 28 September 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Tamarix aphylla Management Info Management techniques that have been used to control Tamarix sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Morphology and Numerical Analysis of Tamarix L. (Tamaricaceae) in Egypt and Its Systematic Implication
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(1): 91–105, 2017 (June) © 2017 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists POLLEN MORPHOLOGY AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TAMARIX L. (TAMARICACEAE) IN EGYPT AND ITS SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATION 1 2 AHMED ELKORDY AND AHMED FARIED Botany & Microbiology Department, Fac. of Science, Sohag University, 82524, Egypt Keywords: Tamarix; Pollen Morphology; Numerical Taxonomy; UPGMA Cluster; PCO, Egypt. Abstract A palynological and multivariate study of six species of Tamarix L. distributed in Egypt was carried out. Pollen morphology was examined by Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The systematic study of these species was conducted by means of numerical analysis using UPGMA clustering and PCO analysis based on 33 morphological characters, including life form, vegetative parts, fruits, floral characters, seeds and pollen grains. Pollen grains were found to be monads, radially symmetrical, isopolar, small-sized and homocolpate. Tamarix nilotica can be easily separated from other taxa by its subprolate pollen shape. Two major clades were identified by multivariate analysis of morphological characters; one of them included three species, namely T. amplexicaulis, T. passerinoides and T. macrocarpa. Our results indicate that there is a wide range of morphological similarity among the species of section Polyadenia. The other clade included T. aphylla, T. tetragyna and T. nilotica from section Tamarix and section Oligadenia. Introduction Tamarix L. is one of the four genera of Tamaricaceae, and consists of halophytic shrubs and dwarf trees native to Europe, Asia, southern and northern Africa (Baum,1978).The taxonomy of Tamarix is notoriously complex (Bunge, 1852; Zohary, 1972; Baum, 1978; Villar et al., 2014). Most of its members show few distinctive external features (Baum, 1978) and most taxa are difficult to distinguish in the vegetative state (Crins, 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Tamarix Aphylla) As Affected by Cutting Lengths Under Low Polytunnel and Open Air
    Vol. 12(46), pp. 3284-3290, 16 November, 2017 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2015.10103 Article Number: 78AA35B66722 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright ©2017 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Full Length Research Paper Propagation of Farash (Tamarix aphylla) as affected by cutting lengths under low polytunnel and open air Aitzaz Malik* and Shahid Hafeez Department of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Received 3 July, 2015; Accepted 25 May, 2017 A research study was conducted on Tamarix aphylla in August, 2008, in the experimental area of Department of Forestry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab to find out the impact of vegetative propagation of Farash (T. aphylla) through different size of cuttings in open air and under low polytunnel. In this study, 2", 4" and 6" long cuttings were planted in shade in polythene bags, with nine holes, 3" wide and 7" long, made in each bag for irrigation purpose. The data was recorded twice a month on sprouting percentage, height of plant, root length and number of root branches for two months after initial planting in the month of August. Sprouting percentage and height of plants were maximum in T3 (6" long cuttings) and minimum in T1 (2" long cuttings) in both open air and low polytunnel, but overall the success rate was much higher under the low polytunnel. The measurement of roots length and number of roots branches was maximum in T1 than T3, in open air and low polythene tunnel. Key words: Tamarix aphylla, cuttings, growth, open air, polytunnel.
    [Show full text]
  • Athel Pine Risk Assessment
    Invasive plant risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Athel pine Tamarix spp. Steve Csurhes First published 2008 Updated 2016 PR08–3665 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/au/deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Invasive plant risk assessment: Athel pine Tamarix spp. 2 Contents Summary 4 Identity and taxonomy 4 Description 5 Origin 5 Biology and ecology 5 Reproduction and dispersal 6 History as a weed overseas 7 Distribution and history of spread in Australia 8 Existing and potential impacts 9 Preferred habitat 10 Legislative status in Australia 11 References 11 Invasive plant risk assessment: Athel pine Tamarix spp. 3 Summary There are about 54 different species of Tamarix native to various parts of the Middle East, China and Europe. A number of species within the genus are very closely related and can hybridise. Several species within the genus are invasive: T. ramosissima (salt cedar) is one of the 10 worst weeds in the United States (US), where it infests an estimated 1.5 million acres. It is also listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as one of 100 of the world’s most invasive species.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna and Flora of the Bible
    FAUNA AND FLORA OF THE BIBLE Helps for Translators Series Technical Helps: Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament HELPS FOR TRANSLATORS Short Bible Reference System New Testament Index The Theory and Practice of Translation Bible Index Fauna and Flora of the Bible Manuscript Preparation Marginal Notes for the Old Testament Marginal Notes for the New Testament FAUNA AND FLORA The Practice of Translating OF THE BIBLE Handbooks: A Translator's Handbook on the Book of Joshua A Translator's Handbook on the Book of Ruth A Translator's Handbook on the Book of Amos A Translator's Handbook on the Books of Obadiah and Micah Prepared in cooperation A Translator's Handbook on the Book of Jonah with the Committee on Translations A Translator's Handbook on the Gospel of Mark A Translator's Handbook on the Gospel of Luke of the United Bible Societies A Translator's Handbook on the Gospel of John A Translator's Handbook on the Acts of the Apostles A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans Second Edition A Translator's Handbook on Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Galatians A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Ephesians A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Philippians A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letters to the Colossians and to Philemon A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letters to the Thessalonians A Translator's Handbook on the Letter to the Hebrews A Translator's Handbook on the First Letter from Peter A Translator's Handbook on the Letters of John Guides:
    [Show full text]
  • Branch Wood Properties and Potential Utilization of This Variable Resource
    PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Branch Wood Properties and Potential Utilization of this Variable Resource Nurul Iman Suansa * and Hamad A. Al-Mefarrej Wood can be regarded as the single most important natural resource of the future, as it is a magnificent gift of nature. However, wood is a highly variable and complex material. Branch wood is a part of a tree that requires careful attention due to several disadvantages, making it less favorable for industrial use. This study was conducted to identify the basic properties of branch wood of Acacia gerrardii, Tamarix aphylla, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and to highlight its potential utilizations. Branch wood of all the examined species had several drawbacks that markedly limit its potential for commercial uses. It might not be favorable for particleboard, flakeboard, or fiberboard because of its high shrinkage. Even though all of the fibers showed suitability as a raw material for pulp and paper, the quality is low due to the high density of vessels or parenchyma proportions. However, branch wood of all examined species might be used as a blending material (papermaking and glued plates) or for light construction purposes. In considering the chemical composition of branch wood, classes of green products, such as biofuel, bioenergy, and biochar might maximize the value of branch wood. These offer numerous benefits to support human needs in the future. Keywords: Wood variation; Branch wood; Basic properties; Potential utilizations Contact information: Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Wood is a highly variable and complex material that has inherent variability between species, within a species, and also within a tree (Zobel and Buijtenen 1989; Lindström 2000; Martin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Flavonoid Properties of Five Families Newly Incorporated Into the Order Caryophyllales (Review)
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 39(1), pp. 25–51, February 22, 2013 Flavonoid Properties of five Families newly Incorporated into the Order Caryophyllales (Review) Tsukasa Iwashina Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 8 November 2012; accepted 19 December 2012) Abstract Five families, Tamaricaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Droseraceae and Nepen- thaceae, were newly incorporated into the order Caryophyllales by APG. Nine families of original Caryophyllales, i.e. Phytolaccaceae including Acanthocarpaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Aizoaceae, Didiereaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Portulacaceae and Basellaceae, syn- thesize betalain pigments but not anthocyanins. However, other flavonoid classes can make in the flowers, leaves, stems, fruits and so on. In this paper, the flavonoid properties of the five families which were newly incorporated into the Caryophyllales are reviewed. As the results, anthocyanins have been reported from their families, together with other flavonoid classes, flavones, flavonols, C-glycosylflavones, flavan and proanthocyanidins, and rarely chalcones, aurones, flavanones and dihydroflavonols, except for the family Nepenthaceae. Key words : APG, Caryophyllales, Droseraceae, flavonoids, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Nepenthaceae, Tamaricaceae. ilies, i.e. Tamaricaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygo- Introduction naceae, Droseraceae and Nepenthaceae, were Red to purple pigments in the colored flowers, incorporated into the order Caryophyllales by fruits, leaves, stems and sometimes roots and Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). In this seeds of the vascular plants are anthocyanins. paper, the flavonoid properties of their five fami- However, the pigments in nine families of the lies, which were newly admitted to the Caryo- order Caryophyllales, i.e. Phytolaccaceae includ- phyllales, are reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Saltcedar Management
    Proceedings Saltcedar and Water Resources in the West Symposium July 16-17, 2003 San Angelo Convention Center San Angelo, Texas Mention of a trademark or a propriety product does not constitute a guarantee or warrenty of the product by the Texas Agricultural Experiement Station or Texas Cooperative Extension, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that also might be suitable. All programs and information of The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station or the Texas Cooperative Extension are available to everyone without regard to race, ethnic origin, religion, sex or age. Contents History and Biology of Saltcedar ……………………………………………… 1 History And Ecology Of Saltcedar (Tamarix) Fred E. Smeins…………………………………………………………..... 2-9 Distribution of Saltcedar in the Southwest Homer Sanchez and Patrick L. Shaver…………………………………… 10-15 Groundwater and surface water thresholds for maintaining Populus-Salix forests, San Pedro River, southern Arizona Sharon J. Lite and Juliet C. Stromberg…………………………………... 16-27 Threatened and Endanered Species …………………………………………... 28 Endangered Plant Species in Saltcedar Habitats F.M. Oxley……………………………………………………………..… 29-33 Pecos Pupfish: One Piece of the Puzzle Stacey Johnson…………………………………………………………... 34-37 Insects Associated wit Saltcedar, Baccharis and Willow in West Texas and Their Value as Food for Insectivorous Birds: Preliminary Results Allen Knutson, Mark Muegge, Tom Robbins and C. Jack DeLoach…..... 38-47 Water Use and Saltcedar …………………………………………………….... 48 Water us by saltcedar and associated vegetation along selected rivers in Texas Larry D. White, K Brian Hays, and Kurtiss M. Schmidt………………... 49-68 Simulating Wate Use By Saltcedar With The Epic Model J.R. Kiniry, J.R. Williams, K.M. Schmidt, and L.D. White…………….
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Tamarix Aphylla L
    Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423) Volume 3 Issue 10 October 2019 Thesis Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Tamarix aphylla L. (Tamaricaceae) Muhammad Tariq1*, M Asif Wazir2, Waqar Hussain1, Shoaib Safadr1, Asad Saleem Sial2, Khizra Shehzadi1 and Adeel Usman2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: Muhammad Tariq, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Received: September 10, 2019; Published: September 27, 2019 DOI: 10.31080/ASPS.2019.03.0408 Abstract Plants have played fundamental role for development of traditional medicine systems which have been used to cure various diseases for thousands of years in many countries. Tamarix aphylla belongs to family Tamaricaceae commonly known as Faras, Farash and Saltceada, a tree commonly found in Punjab Plains, Sindh, Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia and South Africa. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and biological screening of Tamarix aphylla. The investigational plant was collected, authenticated, dried and extraction with two solvents Dichloromethane and methanol was carried out by maceration process. Phytochemical investigation was performed by using standard protocol. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, insecticidal and anti-inflammatory activity was performed, The result of phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids. The stem bark and shoot methanol extract of investigational plant showed significant Brine shrimp work that Tamarix aphylla lethality activity while insecticidal and anti-inflammatory activities were not present. It was concluded from the present research forward for evaluation of anti-tumor activity but need further investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamaricaceae1
    Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann TAMARICACEAE1 D.D. Cunningham2 Evergreen trees and shrubs; leaves alternate, simple, entire, ericoid or scale-like, glabrous or papillose, exstipulate. Flowers bisexual, regular, very small, solitary or in bracteate spikes or racemes; sepals 4 or 5, free or shortly fused; petals 4 or 5, free, imbricate; stamens 4 to numerous, free or partly fused, inserted on a disk; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally; ovary superior, 1-celled; styles 3 or 4, free or shortly fused; ovules numerous, on parietal or basal placentas. Fruit a septicidal capsule; seeds with or without endosperm, with numerous long hairs. 5 genera and about 80 species in temperate and warm parts of the world, especially in dry or coastal situations. 1 genus has naturalised in Australia. Reference: Gaskin (2003). 1. TAMARIX L. Sp. Pl. 1: 270 (1753). (Latin tamarix, the tamarisk.) Glabrous or partly papillose trees and shrubs; leaves scale-like, expanded to a more or less amplexicaul base, possessing salt-secreting glands. Flowers in spikes or racemes, pink or white; sepals and petals 4 or 5; disk fleshy, 4- or 5-lobed, nectar-secreting; stamens free or shortly fused at the base only; styles 3 or 4, short. Seeds lacking endosperm, with a tuft of hairs at the apex. Tamarisks. About 54 species in Europe, North Africa and Asia, especially in soils with a high salt content. Some are widely grown as ornamentals, 3 species are naturalised in S.A. and in all other states. Reference: Baum (1978). 1. Leaves greyish, ovate-lanceolate, to 2mm, ± keeled, vaginate, concealing branchlets so they appear articulate; flowers 5-merous; sepals entire .............................................................................
    [Show full text]