DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Lead on Survival and Bioph Indoplanorbis Exus D on Survival

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Lead on Survival and Bioph Indoplanorbis Exus D on Survival International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences ___________________________ _____ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 6(4), 6-12, April (2017) Int. Res. J. Environmental Sci. Impact of lead on survival and biophysiological parameters of Horn snail, Indoplanorbis exustus Deshayes, 1834 Prabhakaran P. * and Rajan M.K. Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Virudhunagar District, Sivakasi-626124 , India [email protected] Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 27 th January 2017, revised 4th April 2017, accepted 20 th April 2017 Abstract The toxicity of lead on the biophysiological parameters of fresh water horn snail, Indoplanorbis exustus was evaluated under laboratory condition. Mortality rate was assessed and lethal concentration LD 50 was calculated as 9.886 ppm at 96 h. To determine the toxic properties of lead on metabolism the oxygen consumption rate, biochemical content and bioaccumu lation rate were observed in adult snail on exposing them to acute and chronic exposure of lead. The oxygen consumption rate and biochemical content showed decrease in increasing exposure time and concentration. The biomagnifications after chronic exposure to lead showed an accumulation rate of 32 ppm in the snail body at higher concentration. The results showed that the snail I. exustus was sensitive to lead on comparing with other tolerant gastropods. Keywords: Horn snail, Lead, Mortality, Oxygen consumption rate, Bioaccumulation. Introduction (PbS) contribute lead to natural waters 7. It causes a wide range of biological effects that depends on the level and duration of Humans are facing one of the most horrible ecological crises in exposure. Its principal biochemical effect in humans and the form of pollution. Among the various kinds of pollutants, animals is defective haemoglobin formation and also suppresses heavy metals form one of the toxic pollutants released into the the activity of enzymes like, Na -K ATPase of red cell environment by anthropogenic activities, which can be bio - membranes, alkaline phosphatase, aldolase and monoamine magnified in the food chain. Among 104 elements existing in oxidase 2. the nature, there are only 80 metals, among which 18 of them 1 are toxic . Heavy metals are those groups of metals and non - Snails are one of the important components of the aquatic metals which have density above 6gm/cm3. Several toxic ecosystem. These are tiny creatures sprout in the polluted water elements, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, uranium, like weeds. They can sense accurately the very low levels of 2 chromium and bismuth are often included in this group . Water metals 8. Aquatic snails are able to use chemical cues to sense sediments and biota are generally metal reservoirs in aquati c the pollution. Since, toxicants in polluted environments are 3 environment . often patchily distributed, they have developed the ability to defeat and avoid toxicants 9. Heavy metals directly or indirectly The extent of this wide spread but diffused contamination has affect the distributions and abundance of snails in freshwater by raised concern about their hazards on plants, animals and affecting their growth and reproduction. humans. Lead is one of the naturally occurring metals in small amount in the earth’s crust. Metallic lead is usually i nsoluble in The present study deals with aquatic fresh water horn snail, water, but it combines with other chemicals in water to form Indoplanorbis exustus . It is one of the freshwater aquatic snail lead compounds, that depends on the acidity and temperature of and an important vector, involved in the spread of 4 the water . schistosomiasis, fasciolasis and amphistomiasis in domestic animals and sometimes in humans in various South -East Asian Lead has been used in various processes like manufacturing of countries 10 . The planorbid group of snails is ext remely storage batteries, piping, cable sheeting, so lders for electronics, adaptable to any type of polluted water and in water with too in ammunition and as a shielding material for X -rays and other little oxygen. They avoid simply flowing water, since they 5 radiations . As chemical form, lead is used as gasoline additives, cannot get a foothold on the moving substrate, because they in PVC stabilizers (0.7-2% Pb), pigments (lead chromate) in have a high sinistral shell. On the basis of respiratory plastics, paint and ceramics, as rust-inhib itive primers (red equipment, they are well adapted to unfavorable conditions 11 . lead), lubricants (lead naphthenate), in glasses (lead silicate), Fewer data is available on the toxicity of lead on horn snail I. fluorescent tubes, for glazing in table ware (PbSiO3) and in exustus. Hence the present study has been undertaken and 6 small electric motors as permanent magnets (lead -ferrite) . In focused to bring out the impact of lead on the biophysiological addition to pollutant sources, lead bearing lim estone and galena parameters of I. exustus . International Science Community Association 6 International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences _________________________________________ ___ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 6(4), 6-12, April (2017) Int. Res. J. Environmental Sci. Materials and methods calculated every time before replacement of water. The mg of oxygen consumed per snail was calculated for different Collection of animal: The freshwater aquatic horn snails, concentration from the data recorded. During the chronic Indoplanorbis exustus Deshayes, 1834 (Fam: Planorbidae, exposure period the snails were fed with detritus. Class: Gastropoda) were collected from the college pond in Sivakasi (9.45°N 77.8167°E 101 MSL, Tamil Nadu, India). Biochemical analysis: The biochemical analysis such as, total Identified based on Panha and Burch. They have well- carbohydrate content (Anthrone method) 16 , proteins 17 and vascularized erectile skin flap in the respiratory cavity, which lipids 18,19 were determined in acute and chronic exposed snails. serves as a “gill”. The animal has planispiral shell, which wound The foot tissues were dissected out using dissection knife and in a flat plane, with small aperture. They have filiform tentacles, weighed every 24 h upto 96 h for acute exposure. In chronic tubular pneumostome and separate gonopores at left side, with exposed snails the biochemical changes were analysed once in 12 pseudobranch . Prior to analysis the snails were acclimatized 10 days upto 30 days. The biochemical contents were then for three days under lab condition with ambient temperature compared with control. 0 (25- 32 C) and 16:8 light: dark cycle in 5 L capacity plastic tub using dechlorinated water and fed with leaf detritus ad libitum Bioaccumulation: After 30 days of exposure to toxicant lead, at Snails of 0.6 - 0.8 mm in diameter and with a weight varying sub-lethal doses from 1 to 5 ppm, the animal was taken out. The between 0.199 – 0.225g were selected for the study. whole body was removed carefully from the shell and placed in a watch glass of 10 mm dia. It was then dried in an oven at 80°C Preparation of toxicant: The stock solution of lead 10 g/l was for 2 days. The dried powder of snails was then kept in an prepared from lead acetate A.R. grade purchased from Fischer airtight specimen bottle. The dried sample was digested in 10ml Scientific chemicals using deionized water in a volumetric flask. mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid of 9:1 ratio at 100 0C till dryness and cooled down to room temperature. Then it was Determination of LC 50 value: From the stock solution, one to diluted to 25ml using distilled water. The solution was filtered ten ppm concentrations of lead were prepared in dechlorinated and lead content was estimated using Atomic Absorption tap water taken in 500 ml bottles. A group of 10 snails were Spectrophotometer 20 , AA-6300 Shimadzu. introduced into each bottles (specific concentration) and three replicates were maintained and an appropriate control was Results and discussion maintained using water alone. The test solutions were replaced daily and the number of snails survived under different Molluscans serve as a pertinent species for monitoring the effect concentrations was recorded at 24 h interval. The experiment of pollution. Therefore, in the present work the effect of heavy was carried out under static conditions. The no. of adults died in metal lead on mortality rate, physiology, biochemical each treatment was corrected with the control using Abbott’s characteristics and on rate of bioaccumulation in the horn snail, formula 13 . The percentage kill was converted to probit kill by I. exustus has been carried out to establish the relationship 14 using the conversion table given by Finney and the LD 50 value between them. The results of this investigation are presented was determined by XLSTAT software package for probit and discussed below. analysis. Mortality rate : The rate of mortality in horn snails was Effect on physiology: To evaluate the effect of lead on the significantly increased with increase in concentration of lead physiology of snail, the test animals were divided into two and period of exposure. 50% mortality of snail occurred at a groups. The first group was exposed to acute dose of lead (LC 50 concentration of 10ppm after 96 h of exposure and at 120 h of = 4.8 mg/l). The second group was exposed to sub-lethal doses exposure 50% of mortality occured at 9ppm when compared to of lead such as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ppm respectively. 20 control. The probit analysis showed LD 50 as 9.886 ppm at 96 h. acclimatized animals were introduced into each concentration whereas, after 120 h of exposure LD 50 was 8.628 ppm ± 0.05, for determining its oxygen consumption rate. The experiment 144 h of exposure 50% mortality was observed at 8 ppm was carried out in 1 L bottles under static conditions. Triplicates concentration.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Biogeography and Phylogeography of Indoplanorbis Exustus
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.28.446081; this version posted May 30, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Historical biogeography and phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus Maitreya Sil1*, Juveriya Mahveen1,2, Abhishikta Roy1,3, K. Praveen Karanth4, and Neelavara Ananthram Aravind1,5* 1 Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust For Research In Ecology And The Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, India 2The Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph’s College, Bangalore 560027, India 3The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Jarakbande Kaval, Bangalore 560064, India 4 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of science, Bangalore 560012, India 5Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, India *Author for correspondence [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: The history of a lineage is intertwined with the history of the landscape it resides in. Here we showcase how the geo-tectonic and climatic evolution in South Asia and surrounding landmasses have shaped the biogeographic history of Indoplanorbis exustus, a tropical Asian, freshwater, pulmonated snail. We amplified partial COI gene fragment from all over India and combined this with a larger dataset from South and Southeast Asia to carry out phylogenetic reconstruction, species delimitation analysis, and population genetic analyses. Two nuclear genes were also amplified from one individual per putative species to carry out divergence dating and ancestral area reconstruction analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    L fLUKE~ AI AN SNAILS, FLUKES AND MAN Edited by Director I Zoological Survey of India ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 1991 © Copyright, Govt of India. 1991 Published: August 1991 Based on the lectures delivered at the Training Programme on Snails, Flukes and Man held at Calcutta. (November 1989) Compiled by N.V. Subba Rao, J. K. Jonathan and C.B. Srivastava Cover design: Manoj K. Sengupta Indoplanorbis exustus in the centre with Cercariae around. PRICE India : Rs. 120.00 Foreign: £ 5.80; $ 8.00 Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India Calcutta-700 053 Printed by : Rashmi Advertising (Typesetting by its associate Mis laser Kreations) 7B, Rani Rashmoni Road, Calcutta-700 013 FOREWORD Zoological Survey of India has been playing a key role in the identification and study of faunal resources of our country. Over the years it has built up expertise on different faunal groups and in order to disseminate that knowledge training and extension services have been devised. Hitherto the training programmes were conducted In entomology, taxidermy and omithology. The scope of the training programmes has now been extended to other groups and the one on Snails, Flukes and Man is the first step in that direction. Zoological Survey of India has the distinction of being the only Institute where extensive and in-depth studies are pursued on both molluscs and helminths. The training programme has been of mutual interest to malacologists and helminthologlsts. The response to the programme was very encouraging and scientific discussions were very rewarding. The need for knowledge .and Iterature on molluscs was keenly felt.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Studies on Some Trematode Parasites of Ruminants in the Snail Intermediate Hosts in Three Districts of Uttar Pradesh, Jabalpur and Ranchi
    Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85 (9): 941–946, September 2015/Article Epidemiological studies on some trematode parasites of ruminants in the snail intermediate hosts in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, Jabalpur and Ranchi R K BAURI1, DINESH CHANDRA2, H LALRINKIMA3, O K RAINA4, M N TIGGA5 and NAVNEET KAUR6 Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India Received: 19 February 2015; Accepted: 26 March 2015 ABSTRACT Seasonal prevalence of 5 trematode parasites in the 4 snail species, viz. Lymnaea auricularia, L. luteola, Gyraulus convexiusculus and Indoplanorbis exustus for the years 2012–2014 was studied in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh and in Jabalpur and Ranchi districts of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand, respectively. Intramolluscan larval stages of Fasciola gigantica, Explanatum explanatum, Paramphistomum epiclitum, Fischoederius elongatus and Schistosoma spindale were identified using ITS-2, 28S rDNA, 12S mitochondrial (mt) DNA and Cox I markers. F. gigantica infection in L. auricularia had a significant (P<0.05) occurrence in the winter season followed by rains. Seasonality of P. epiclitum transmission in I. exustus was observed with significant occurrence of its infection in the rainy season followed by a sharp decline in other seasons. Prevalence of S. spindale infection in I. exustus was insignificant in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh but highly prevalent in other 2 districts. Infection with F. elongatus in L. luteola was recorded in different seasons. G. convexiusculus were screened for E. explanatum and Gastrothylax crumenifer infection and a significant rate of infection with E. explanatum was observed in the rainy season. Climatic factors including temperature and rainfall influence the distribution of snail populations and transmission of trematode infections by these snail intermediate hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Study on Occurrence of Fresh Water Snails in Different Snail
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(2): 975-980 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 A preliminary study on occurrence of fresh water JEZS 2019; 7(2): 975-980 © 2019 JEZS snails in different snail habitats in some parts of Received: 20-01-2019 Accepted: 23-02-2019 Puducherry A Latchumikanthan Assistant Professor, Veterinary University Training and A Latchumikanthan, PG Vimalraj, P Pavan Kumar, A Prasanna Research Centre, Villupuram, Vadhana, MV Jithin and C Soundararajan TANUVAS, Tamil Nadu, India PG Vimalraj Abstract Wildlife Veterinarian, Ponds, lakes and water bodies near paddy cultivation lands were examined for presence of fresh water Ariyankuppam, Puducherry, snails from some parts of Union territory of Puducherry. A total of 439 snails were collected from during India the period from September, 2015 to August, 2016 to know the type and intensity of different species of snails. The collected snails were identified as Lymnaea luteola, Pila globosa, Bellamyia sp., and P Pavan Kumar Indoplanorbis exustus based on their shell morphological features. Among the various types of snails, Teaching Assistant, Dept. of Lymnaea luteola (41.68%) was found to be more followed by Pila globosa (33.25%), Bellamyia sp., Veterinary Public Health, (15.71%) and Indoplanorbis exustus (9.33%). Snails were found attached to the vegetation in these water College of Veterinary and Animal bodies and the eggs of snail were enclosed in a slimy material attached to the water plants. Egg masses Sciences, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India vary in the egg numbers varying from 30 to 50 eggs. Immature/ juvenile stages of snails were more in group and attached to roots, leaves and stem of the different water plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Gross Anatomy of the Reproductive System of Freshwater Pulmonate Snail Lymnaea Acuminata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
    © 2018 JETIR December 2018, Volume 5, Issue 12 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) GROSS ANATOMY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF FRESHWATER PULMONATE SNAIL LYMNAEA ACUMINATA (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA) Pande GS1, Patil MU2 and Sherkhane UD*3 1Department of Zoology, Ahmednagar College, Agmednagar-414001 (M. S.) India.. 2Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004 (M. S.) India. 3*Department of Zoology, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Agmednagar-414001 (M.S.) India.. Corresponding Author: *3 Sherkhane UD, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The present research paper provides an account of gross anatomy of reproductive system in snail L. acuminata. Results obtained shows that the reproductive system of L. acuminata consists of three divisions: (1) The ovotestis or hermaphroditic gland and its duct i.e., the hermaphroditic duct, (2) The female genital tract and (3) The male genital tract. The female duct system consists of the oviduct, the uterus, the vagina and associated accessory glands which include the albumen gland, the muciparous gland and oothecal gland. The male duct system consists of the vas efferens, the prostate gland, vas deferens and the copulatory organ the Penial complex. We hope that the results obtained will be highly useful to understand reproductive anatomy and taxonomy of freshwater gastropods. Key Words: Lymnaea acuminata, Anatomy, Reproductive system. INTRODUCTION Freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) is abundantly available in various parts of Indian subcontinent (Subba Rao, 1989). The reproductive system of freshwater gastropods varies greatly from one group to another and their reproductive strategies also vary greatly. A considerable diversity exists in the internal anatomy of the reproductive tracts of gastropods which is of taxonomic importance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Primer to Freshwater Gastropod Identification
    Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Freshwater Gastropod Identification Workshop “Showing your Shells” A Primer to Freshwater Gastropod Identification Editors Kathryn E. Perez, Stephanie A. Clark and Charles Lydeard University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 15-18 March 2004 Acknowledgments We must begin by acknowledging Dr. Jack Burch of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. The vast majority of the information contained within this workbook is directly attributed to his extraordinary contributions in malacology spanning nearly a half century. His exceptional breadth of knowledge of mollusks has enabled him to synthesize and provide priceless volumes of not only freshwater, but terrestrial mollusks, as well. A feat few, if any malacologist could accomplish today. Dr. Burch is also very generous with his time and work. Shell images Shell images unless otherwise noted are drawn primarily from Burch’s forthcoming volume North American Freshwater Snails and are copyright protected (©Society for Experimental & Descriptive Malacology). 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................2 Shell images....................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents............................................................................................................3 General anatomy and terms .............................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Urogenital Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH)
    Campbell et al. Infectious Diseases of Poverty (2017) 6:49 DOI 10.1186/s40249-017-0264-8 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Urogenital schistosomiasis and soil- transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in Cameroon: An epidemiological update at Barombi Mbo and Barombi Kotto crater lakes assessing prospects for intensified control interventions Suzy J. Campbell1, J. Russell Stothard1*, Faye O’Halloran1, Deborah Sankey1, Timothy Durant1, Dieudonné Eloundou Ombede2, Gwladys Djomkam Chuinteu2, Bonnie L. Webster3,6, Lucas Cunningham1, E. James LaCourse1 and Louis-Albert Tchuem-Tchuenté2,4,5 Abstract Background: The crater lakes of Barombi Mbo and Barombi Kotto are well-known transmission foci of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis having had several important control initiatives previously. To collect contemporary epidemiological information, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken inclusive of: signs and symptoms of disease, individual treatment histories, local water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)-related factors and malacological surveillance, with molecular characterisation of specimens. Methods: At each lake, a community cross-sectional survey was undertaken using a combination of stool and urine parasitological sampling, and interview with pro-forma questionnaires. A total of 338 children and adults participated. Material from snail and parasite species were characterised by DNA methods. Results: Egg-patent prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was 8.7% at Barombi Mbo (all light-intensity infections) and 40.1% at Barombi Kotto (21.2% heavy-intensity infections). Intestinal schistosomiasis was absent. At Barombi Kotto, significantly more women reported signs and symptoms associated with female genital schistosomiasis. While there had been extensive recent improvement in WASH-related infrastructure at Barombi Mbo, water contact risk scores were higher among schistosomiasis-infected participants (P < 0.001) and at Barombi Kotto in general (P < 0.001).
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda: Mollusca)
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(9): 1180-1187 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.140 Karyotypic and Morphometric Studies in Two Species of Family Planorbidae (Gastropoda: Mollusca) Poonam1*, N.K. Tripathi1 and Preetpal Kour2 1Department of Zoology, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District Samba-181143, Jammu, India 2Department of Zoology, GCW Parade, Jammu, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds During the present study, mitotic chromosomes of two freshwater snails Gyraulus ladacensis and Indoplanorbis exustus were analyzed using ovotestis of specimens Planorbidae, Chromosome, Meiosis collected from the type locality (Nud pond Samba, Jammu), both belonging to class Gastropoda, order Basommatophora and family Planorbidae. The observed diploid Article Info chromosome number was 2n=36 consisting of 14 metacentric pairs, 03 submetacentric pairs and 01 subtelocentric pairs and 18 pairs of metacentric pairs respectively. Meiotic Accepted: 08 August 2018 observations comprised leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis stages. Results of the present study have scientific and practical significance complementary to Available Online: 10 September 2018 biochemical and molecular studies in animal taxonomy. Introduction habitats. They are highly adaptive and occupy all possible aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Phylum Mollusca constitutes one of the major The phylum includes animals of wide divisions of the animal kingdom and are of diversity in form, such as the common slugs unusual interest both in regard to the diversity and snails, slow moving chitons, oysters and of organization and in the multitude of living clams, swift darting squids, slithering species.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Geography of the Las Bela Coastal Plain, West Pakistan. Rodman Eldredge Snead Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1963 Physical Geography of the Las Bela Coastal Plain, West Pakistan. Rodman Eldredge Snead Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Snead, Rodman Eldredge, "Physical Geography of the Las Bela Coastal Plain, West Pakistan." (1963). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 857. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/857 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been G4—160 microfilmed exactly as received SNEAD, Hodman Eldredge, 1931- PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE LAS BELA COASTAL PLAIN, WEST PAKISTAN. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1963 G eography University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE LAS BELA COASTAL PLAIN, WEST PAKISTAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography by Rodman Eldredge Snead B.A., University of Virginia, 1953 M.S., Syracuse University, 1955 June, 1963 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the many people who have aided in the completion of this study. I am particularly grateful to Dr. Richard J. Russell, Dr. William G. Mclntire, Dr. David D. Smith, William P. Agster and the staffs of the Coastal Studies Institute of Louisiana State University, Meteorological Department of the Government of Pakistan, and of the Geogra­ phy Departments of the University of Karachi and the Univer­ sity of Sind.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Haemolymph Constituents of Indoplanorbis Exustus (Deshayes) and Lymnaea Acuminata (Lamarck) F
    STUDIES ON HAEMOLYMPH CONSTITUENTS OF INDOPLANORBIS EXUSTUS (DESHAYES) AND LYMNAEA ACUMINATA (LAMARCK) F. RUFESCENS (GRAY) AND THE EFFECTS OF COPPER ON THE ACTIVITY PATIERN OF SELECTED TRANSAMINASES AND PHOSPHATASES THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNDER THE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BY SURESH, P. G. SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COCHIN·682 016 1990 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this thesis is an authentic record of the research work carried out by Mr. SURESH, P.G., under my scientific supervision and guidance in the School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Cochin University of Science and Technology under the Faculty of Environmental Studies, and no part thereof has been presented for the award of any other degree, diploma, or associateship in any University. ~lt 0-AJj1~~ ~. MOHANDAS Reader School of Environmental Studies Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin - 682 016. DECLARATION I, Suresh, P.G., do hereby declare that this thesis entitled "STUDIES ON HAEMOLYMPH CONSTITUENTS OF INDOPLANORBIS EXUSTUS (DESHAYES) AND LYMNAEA ACUMINATA (LAMARCK) F. RUFESCENS (GRAY) AND THE EFFECTS OF COPPER ON THE ACTIVITY PATTERN OF SELECrED TRANSAMINASES AND PHOSPHATASES" is a genuine record of the research work done by me under the scientific supervision of Dr. A. Mohandas, Reader, School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, and has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or associateship in any University.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscicidal Activity of Different Organic Solvent Latex Extracts of Some Common Euphorbiales Against Freshwater Harmful Snails
    Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 15(1): 59-63 (2004) University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104 Short Communication Molluscicidal Activity of Different Organic Solvent Latex Extracts of Some Common Euphorbiales against Freshwater Harmful Snails S.K. Singh, R.P. Yadav, and A. Singh* Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, (U.P.), India Abstract Molluscicidal activity of different organic solvent extracts of latex of Euphorbia pulcherima and Euphorbia hirta (Family-Euphorbiaceae) against two freshwater harmful snails Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus has been reported. Both the snails are the intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which cause endemic fascioliasis in cattle and livestock of Eastern part of India. Toxicity of all the extracts of both the plants was time as well as dose dependent against both the snails. There was significant negative correlation between LC values and exposure periods. Thus, the LC values of latex of Euphorbia pulcherima of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extracts were decreased from 0.51 mg/L (24 h) to 0.24 mg/L (96 h) and 0.51 mg/L (24 h) to 0.21 mg/L (96 h) respectively, against Lymnaea acuminata and from 0.46 mg/L (24 h) to 0.11 mg/L (96 h) and 0.49 mg/L (24 h) to 0.17 mg/L (96 h) against Indoplanorbis exustus. Similar trend was also observed in case of Euphorbia hirta of all the solvent extracts. The doses that can be used for killing the 90% population of snail Lymnaea acuminata are safe for non-target fish Channa punctatus, which shares the habitat with these snails.
    [Show full text]
  • Indoplanorbis Exustus in South and Southeast Asia Pauline Gauffre-Autelin1*, Thomas Von Rintelen2, Björn Stelbrink1 and Christian Albrecht1
    Gauffre-Autelin et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:126 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2043-6 RESEARCH Open Access Recent range expansion of an intermediate host for animal schistosome parasites in the Indo-Australian Archipelago: phylogeography of the freshwater gastropod Indoplanorbis exustus in South and Southeast Asia Pauline Gauffre-Autelin1*, Thomas von Rintelen2, Björn Stelbrink1 and Christian Albrecht1 Abstract Background: The planorbid snail Indoplanorbis exustus is the sole intermediate host for the Schistosoma indicum species group, trematode parasites responsible for cattle schistosomiasis and human cercarial dermatitis. This freshwater snail is widely distributed in Southern Asia, ranging from Iran to China eastwards including India and from the southeastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia southwards. The veterinary and medical importance of this snail explains the interest in understanding its geographical distribution patterns and evolutionary history. In this study, we used a large and comprehensive sampling throughout Indo-Malaya, including specimens from South India and Indonesia, areas that have been formerly less studied. Results: The phylogenetic inference revealed five highly divergent clades (genetic distances among clades: 4.4–13.9%) that are morphologically indistinguishable, supporting the assumption that this presumed nominal species may represent a cryptic species complex. The species group may have originated in the humid subtropical plains of Nepal or in southern adjacent regions in the Early Miocene. The major cladogenetic events leading to the fives clades occurred successively from the Early Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, coinciding with major periods of monsoonal intensification associated with major regional paleogeographic events in the Miocene and repeated climate changes due to the Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations.
    [Show full text]