Proposed Alterations and Additions to the “Pioneer House” on Farm 145, The Oaks, .

Heritage Report – March 2016

Prepared by Heritage Consultant, Anne-Marie Fick, circulated to Interested and Affected Parties and submitted to Heritage

Table of Contents

1) Executive Summary 2) Introduction and Case History 3) Location 4) Methodology 5) Historical and architectural development 6) Context 7) Significance and Grading 8) The Alterations and Additions Proposal 9) Legislative Requirements 10) Conclusions 11) Recommendations 12) References 13) Photographs

1-Executive Summary The Oaks farm lies in the Valley, approximately 10km from Greyton. The farm werf contains a Pioneers house, Manor House, Stables, Wine Cellar, and mill which along with sections of werf walling enclose a big square shaped werf that is a beautiful tree filled space.

The whole werf was recently restored following various HWC applications and approvals.

The Pioneers House is the house relevant to this application.

The farm’s history was well researched by Ms Dicey Du Toit for the previous applications, and this research revealed the connection with ’s mission station as well as some interesting and significant historic owners. The restoration was guided by these findings as well as by extensive on site research, including plaster stripping and analysis.

The werf and its buildings were unofficially graded by HWC’s BELCom as Grade II – it was never formally gazetted.

The new alterations and additions is a sensitive proposal with low impact. None of the proposed actions will be visible on the werf side, and the previously (HWC) approved design philosophy for the handling of new additions to historic buildings on this werf is employed. The use of existing openings for access, as well as aligning the new footprint on the existing external retaining walls behind the building, is mitigating factors.

S.34 of the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999 applies since the building is older than 60 years. Because the site has not been graded formally by publication in the Government Gazette, S.27 does not apply.

Due to the low impact and sensitive handling of the historic material and overall scale and form, it is recommended for approval.

2-Introduction and Case History The Oaks farm werf has undergone a number of restorative developments in recent years, including the following:

• Restoration of the Manor house back to the Bayley era ‘Georgian’ style – this entailed removal of tin roof and clerestory walls, replacing it with a new thatch roof; replacing ‘Victorian’ and inappropriate modern openings with ‘Georgian’ door and window elements, and opening up the H-plan wings that were built up in subsequent years. • Restoration of the Pioneers house. • Restoration of the Cellar and Stables.

The Pioneer’s house (which is the building that this application is concerned with) has been restored and renovated in recent years, following HWC approvals, in the following ways:

• New finishes (timber and stucco plaster) was installed on existing concrete floors • Subsequent to plaster stripping research, walls were restored to their current position – modern internal division walls were removed. • All the windows (modern) were replaced with “Cape” style timber frame casement windows with external shutters as befitting the Pioneer period. New windows were placed either in new brickwork or in already disturbed (existing window) openings. • New internal doors installed throughout. New double barn doors were fitted to the old wagon house opening. This opening was also fitted with modern steel framed glass doors internally. • The existing original beams were retained and new ceiling/floorboards were installed, as well as new ‘latte’ and thatching in place of the corrugated sheeting. • No additions were made at that time.

The following summary of Record of Decision (ROD) letters outline the HWC case history: (organized from most recent date; if the reader wants to follow it chronologically, start at the bottom)

2010.11.30 HWC ROD Approved proposals for the work on the Main House and the Pioneers house

2010.11.30 HWC ROD Site proposed as Grade II by BELCom

Requested: Landscape plan; more detailed drawings of Stable building, Function room to retain the existing gable attic door and revision of gable wall fenestration

2009.12.11 HWC ROD Approval of the application for alterations and additions (no reference on ROD letter of drawing numbers or what the application was for.)

2009.04.24 HWC ROD Approved: schematic proposals for cellar and stables; plans for Pioneer house

Supported: general approach, proposals for main house (incl external stair and fenestration)

Not Approved: conversion of mill building to offices

Requested: detailed resolution of the gables, doors between voorkamer and agterkamer and fireplaces, archaeological investigation of reservoirs and water channels; more detailed landscape plans.

2009.03.04 HWC ROD Belcom committee acknowledged receiving detailed motivation report and assessment of significance, and delayed their decision to the next meeting to allow the committee time to undertake detailed review of the information and plans supplied to them. 2009.01.29 HWC ROD Belcom requested a detailed motivation for the proposed alterations in terms of conservation principles, including the approach to the homestead, werf as a whole, and any future interventions on other buildings on the werf.

2008.08.22 HWC ROD Belcom requested a site visit.

2007.11.19 HWC ROD Approved application for removal of plaster for research purposes.

This new application is for additions to the Pioneer house. The proposal is outlined and motivated in subsection 8 of this report, entitled ‘The Alterations and Additions Proposal.’

3-Location

Above Google image showing the location of The Oaks.

The Oaks is located on the R406 between Riviersonderend and Greyton, approximately 10km outside of Greyton.

4-Methodology The following methods of research were used:

- photographic study - review of available information on the site and proposal - review of available background information on the context - review of application history and recent development - desktop study of published materials and - web research

5-Historical and architectural development

5.1 History of the Farm George Schmidt (owner 1737-1739) a Moravian missionary, established the Genadendal mission station. He obtained permission from the VOC to do mission work among the Khoi people on the farm Hartebeeste Kraal (The Oaks). He kept a diary, wherein he recorded that the indigenous people taught him how to build with clay sods; how he built his cottage and a small school (stone building no longer in existence) with the help of his congregation. Schmidt established vegetable gardens and fruit orchards, and also attempted wheat farming, with which the Khoi helped with the building of threshing floors.

Barend Gildenhuysen (“leenpagter” owner 1799-1841) was a successful farmer of “vetstert” sheep, cattle and wheat.

Coenraad Nelson (owner 1800-1809) was a VOC official, and apparently (according to the historic records referenced by Dicey Du Toit) a ‘prominent Capetonian.’ His family was wealthy. His father was a ship doctor from Amsterdam. Nelson was one of the first horse breeders in the .

Wilhelmus Hendricus Theunissen (“leenpagter” owner 1809-1822) was responsible for a large number of structures on the werf/ redevelopment of existing structures. Records show that he had 42 slaves on Hartebeeste Kraal in 1817, and it is probable that these people were housed all over the farm as there are many clay house ruins all over the farm. WH Theunissen’s son, JD Theunissen continued the mixed use farming.

Thomas Butterworth Charles Bayley (owner 1844-1857) was one of the most influential persons to own the farm. He changed the name from “Hartebeeste Kraal” to “The Oaks.” The name is referenced from a horse race in England. Bayley was a horse racing/ thoroughbred fanatic. He both bred and raced his horses, and made the necessary changes to the werf to accommodate this hobby. He is widely credited as the initiator for the founding of the National Art Museum in , through the donation of his artworks to the Fine Arts Association . Bayley was a British government official in Bengal and moved to the Cape in 1836. He was a wealthy and experimental farmer, who immersed himself in his farm. By applying some of his wealth to the farm, he was responsible for a great deal of architectural development on the farm. Bayley appointed Robert Smith (a landscaper from England) for the layout and maintenance of the ‘formal Georgian’ garden and the ‘park landscape/ English’ gardens on the werf. Bayley made a large contribution to farming in the Overberg area by importing new cattle and sheep breeds as well as new crops (such as the ‘vlokaartappel’), and by experimenting with new implements, and importing the latest technology of the time (including iron ploughs.) He also published books and articles about various farming techniques and topics and was well known as an educated farmer who served on many agricultural committees and unions.

Michiel Jacob Van Breda (owner 1857-1868) commissioned the artist, Thomas Bowler, to do five paintings of The Oaks’ werf, one for each of his daughters. Prints of three of these were found and had been used as reference material in the study of the farm by Dicey Du Toit. Michiel Jacob’s father, Michiel van Breda, was the first owner of their family farm “Zoetendals Valleij” in the Overberg. The farm is still in the Van Breda family’s ownership today. The Van Bredas were also thoroughbred horse breeders. Van Breda produced wine in the cellar. The outbuildings on The Oaks were converted for sheep shearing and wool sorting uses. The first three generations of Van Bredas wrote the so called ‘Landbou Joernale’ (agricultural journals) wherein each, during his time of ownership of the farm Zoetendals Valleij, wrote about the farming activities in great detail. The Oaks was farmed in close interrelationship with Zoetendals Valleij. The Van Breda family is a prominent family in the Overberg ( being named after them); they made a big contribution toward the establishment of wool sheep farming as well as race horse/ thoroughbred breeding in , and Michiel Van Breda was the first breeder of a pure breed wool sheep in the Overberg. Michiel Jacob continued in his father’s footsteps and was recorded shearing 5000 sheep in 1860.

Antonio Chiapinni (owner 1868-1885) was from the well-known Chiapinni family in Cape Town. When he bought the farm, he took on the remaining horses, but no records indicate his participation in any horse racing. He was more focussed on his political career. He represented the town of Caledon as member of the “Volksraad” from 1874 to 1877. He was also the Justice of Peace in Caledon during 1872. Chiapinni sold off many portions of the farm to neighbouring farmers. One such portion was sold to Pieter Jacobus Bredenkamp, who later in1885 also purchased the portion of The Oaks containing the werf.

The owners between 1908 and 1945 (Cornelius Pieter Roux and Servaas Daniel de Kock) were farmers, with no other social or communal contribution that is known. De Kock made a number of changes to the buildings on the werf, the biggest of which was the replacement of thatch with corrugated iron on all the outbuildings. (The manor house had already been “Victorianized” with corrugated iron before his time.)

The owners between 1945 and 1985 did not live on the farm, and used the werf to handle the production of the farm. The werf deteriorated during this time, but at the same time the absence of a resident farmer, taking particular interest in the buildings actually spared the werf most of the usual detrimental post war changes that many farms suffered.

5.2 Werf Development Walton describes The Oaks werf as a good example of a farm with “farmhouse and farm buildings arranged around a rectangular werf…The north side is occupied by two long buildings, one of which has an unusual concavo-convex gable. Between them is a wide opening which provides an entrance to the werf. Opposite that entrance is the H-plan house with a gable facing the werf dated 1813. Along the west side are two buildings which have been converted into dwellings. The eastern boundary is formed by a cow shed and cattle kraal and by a length of walling with nesting places facing outwards into what was formerly a fowl run. The boundary of the werf is completed by lengths of walling connecting the various buildings.”

The werf remained relatively unchanged, when one compares the current layout with the Deeds diagram of 1831.

Above: Deeds diagram of 1831

5.3 Architectural Styles in Relation to the Phases of Werf Development The development of the werf can be divided into seven phases with corresponding Architectural Styles:

1. Pioneer phase 1737-1800 2. Cape Neo Classical 1800-1844 3. Georgian 1844-1868 4. Victorian 1868-1908 5. Classical Revival 1908-1945 6. The modern changes post 1945 7. The development by the current owners post 2008

Refer to attached werf development plan prepared by Malherbe Rust Architects: “The Oaks: Historiese Werfontwikkeling” dated 19 March 2008 Drawing number 1390-01 (See Appendix A at the end of the document)

5.3.1 Pioneer phase (1737-1800) Owners involved at that time: George Schmidt (owner 1737-1739) Barend Gildenhuysen (owner 1756-1792)

Buildings/Structures erected: School (indicated as “Skooltjie” on plan) – possibly by Schmidt and his church congregation. (No longer existing, but can be seen on the 1831 diagram)

L-plan Pioneers structure - possibly by Gildenhuysen with divisions separating it into house (stonework), Wheat shed/ wine cellar and Wagon shed. Walton describes the longhouse typology as quite prevalent during the second half of the 18 th century where “the various components of the farmstead were not free-standing buildings. Instead, the dwelling of the farmer, his stable, wagon- shed, fowl-house and sometimes the wine cellar were all housed under the one long roof.” The Oaks’ pioneer house is unique in that it has been extended in an L-shape.

Water mill In Dicey Du Toit’s historical research of the farm she has made note of records indicating that slaves bought bread and wine on Hartebeeste Kraal before the watermill was built in Genadendal (i.e. before 1792) This building indicated as “watermeul” on the plans is indicated on the 1831 Deeds diagram (no labelling) right next to a water stream.

Kraals – possibly by Gildenhuysen; stone kraal walls, including fowl nesting holes.

5.3.2 Cape Neo Classical Period (1800-1844) Owners involved at that time: Coenraad Nelson (owner 1800-1809) Wilhelmus Hendricus Theunissen (owner 1809-1822) Jacobus Daniel Theunissen (owner 1822-1844)

Buildings/Structures erected: Stables by Nelson – the ‘holbol’ gable has been called ‘unusual’ by Walton, and Fransen describes it as “a rather primitive sort of late holbol gable, possibly dating from 1803”

Grain shed with plain triangular ‘mock chimney’ gables, by Nelson – labelled as the wine cellar on the werf, but there are no records of Nelson producing wine. Nelson however provided grain to the garrisons at Zoetenmelks Valleij.

Kraals and Werf- / Ring Wall were extended/completed by Nelson encircling the farmyard, for the keeping of horses, cattle and sheep inside the werf. (Not wool sheep – therefore no sheering pens or sheds for wool classification was yet present.)

H-Plan Cape Dutch manor house in Cape Neo Classical style built by WH Theunissen. The house was built as an H-plan from the outset. The back gable is dated 1813.

Slave quarters – old pioneers structure was converted as slave accommodation by WH Theunissen

Wine Cellar – WH Theunissen converted the existing stables to a grain shed and wine cellar.

Wagon shed – new construction by WH Theunissen

Outbuilding – new construction by WH Theunissen, possibly as ironmongery or crop produce storage.

Landscape elements added by WH Theunissen include vegetable gardens, fruit orchards and vineyards, as well as ‘leiwater’ water channels.

The werf has remained fairly intact since this period.

5.3.3 Georgian Period (1844-1868) Owners involved at that time: Thomas Butterworth Charles Bayley (owner 1844-1857) Michiel Jacob Van Breda (owner 1857-1868)

Buildings/Structures erected/changed: The Manor House was remodelled by Bayley to reflect the Cape Georgian style of the time. The house had a thatch roof. Bayley also added a veranda and divided rooms with fireplaces.

The Stables initially built by Nelson was enlarged by Bayley and brought up to housekeeping standard with adequate ventilation holes.

Kraal – Bayley built a smaller kraal for sick animals. This structure was later changed to a flat roofed ‘hondehok’ building (by Van Breda – to house the sheep herding dogs).

Wine cellar – the existing building was used as an implement and seed shed by Bayley.

Landscape elements added by Bayley include ‘formal’ as well as ‘park landscape/ English’ gardens.

Werf walls – Van Breda extended some stone and clay walls for sheep keeping

Family Grave Yard – added by Van Breda

5.3.4 Late Victorian Period (1868-1908) Owners involved at that time: Antonio Baldazzar Melchior Gasper Chiapinni (owner 1868-1885) Pieter Jacobus Bredenkamp (owner 1885-1908)

Buildings/Structures erected/changed: Manor house – Late Victorian style changes made by Bredenkamp, thatch replaced with corrugated iron, partial demolition of gables to accommodate iron roof, closing up of courtyards in H with flat roofs, Replacing Georgian windows with Victorian double door, rebuilding of back façade gable.

Of all the periods creating architectural layering, the Victorian period at the Cape lead to the largest scale of destruction in detailing and craftsmanship of existing buildings. Fransen describes the detrimental effect on existing buildings as mass production and sudden involvement of architects from England lead to drastic style changes to the unique Cape Dutch homesteads who each had its own personality. Lewcock describes the transition from Georgian to Victorian at the Cape as follows: “Architecture became a matter of superficial style at the expense of essentials… the trend accompanied by a flood of mass-produced architectural decoration, which became a new article of international trade, and hastened the decay of local standards. Suitability and applicability ceased to be pertinent terms of criticism and diverting and pretty took their place. Local crafts quickly died, while mass-production brought a hard mechanical quality into details and materials which were quickly transferred to the architectural character as a whole.”

5.3.5 Classical Revival Period (1908-1945) Owners involved at that time: Cornelius Pieter Roux/ Servaas Daniel de Kock (owners 1908-1945)

Buildings/Structures erected/changed: Manor house – second replacement of corrugated iron roof, internal changes, insertion of doors with curved top lights Rest of outbuildings – thatch roofs replaced with corrugated iron; change of use for stables to sheering shed and fruit packing. Pioneers house/ old slaves’ quarters were changed to a storage shed for sheep skin, and workshop for manufacturing tack. The sheep shearers were housed in this building, and a kitchen was built in to accommodate for their meals. The roof was changed from thatch to corrugated iron, the wagon was still accommodated in the short leg of the “L”. ; The cellar was enlarged.

5.3.6 The modern changes (Post 1945) Owners involved at that time: Jacob Roux/ Molteno-brothers/ Peter Barlow (owners1945-1985) Willem Tobias & Helgaardt Marais (owners 1985-2007)

Buildings/Structures erected/changed: Maintenance to pioneers building/changed to a house; Maintenance to the manor house, wine cellar converted to a bar & braai area, maintenance of farm managers house and conversion in use of stables to dairy and fruit packing shed.

5.3.7 The development by the current owners (Post 2008) Due to the vast range of layering, and the obvious detrimental effect of some of the layering, the current owners appointed the heritage specialist architects firm, Malherbe Rust Architects, for the restoration and renovation work they required on the property. The application was submitted and approved by Heritage Western Cape and subsequently executed as planned.

The philosophy of the restoration was to assess the various style periods and the owners involved at the times, and search for the heritage significances that could inform the restoration work. It was found that the Bayley period was the most significant in terms of architecture; it was the last phase that the buildings on the werf retained their original integrity with regards to style, craftsmanship and materials in the tradition of Cape farmsteads. The owner, Bayley, was also a culturally/historically significant individual who made great contributions to the werf physically as well as to the farming community, technologically/ innovatively, and to the Arts in Cape Town. Following applications to HWC, the approved plans were implemented, and buildings were restored accordingly.

The design philosophy/ architectural-language approach for the handling of modern additions to the historic structures was developed by Malherbe Rust Architects in the form of flat roof (parapet) additions, with simple detailing – large expanses of wall, with small openings in simple design, and the parapets are finished on top with a thin black line of slate. This was approved by HWC, and has been employed both for entirely new additions and for pre-existing modern additions, that were changed to reflect this style, so that the layering of the building would be legible to viewers. This can be seen in the examples of the Mill and the Wine Cellar – refer to the photographic section at the end of this report.

6-Context The Oaks farm lies on the R406 between Greyton and Riviersonderend, approximately 10km out of Greyton.

It is situated in the Theewaterskloof municipal area. The context is agricultural farmland which alternates between crop farming (mostly Canola, and some wheat) and vineyards.

The closest towns are Greyton and Genadendal. Genadendal originated as a mission station, established in 1738 by the Moravian missionary, George Schmidt (who was also the first land owner of The Oaks farm). At the time when the Moravian mission station was established the Khoenkhoen nomadic tribes of the area suffered greatly under the smallpox epidemic, and under legislation which was forcing them into farm labour. The British colonial government at the Cape instituted the ‘Khoenkhoen Laws’ which forced nomadic peoples without fixed abode into farm labour. This lead many people to flock to the mission stations, including Genadendal, because land was made available there to the newly converted Christians. The congregation established by Schmidt taught the Khoenkhoen to read and write. Genadendal was a very successful and large settlement at one stage. The first Teachers’ Training College in South Africa was established there in 1838. The town also boast of having the first guesthouse and chemist shop in the interior, and that it had one of the best public lending libraries in the 1830’s. Genadendal has a valuable Cultural History Museum, well worth the visit.

Greyton is located only 5km from Genadendal, and 10km from The Oaks farm. It was established in 1854 and named after Sir George Greyton, the Governor at the Cape. The town was laid out on a farm called Weltevreden. The earliest recorded history of the area is of the VOC bartering cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi tribe, Hassequas, who lived in the area.

The road that passes in front of The Oaks werf walls (the road from Riviersonderend to Greyton) is the old Cape wagon road – the highway followed by farmers and travellers to the Eastern Cape and to the hot springs at Caledon, which were an attraction as early as 1708. 7-Significance and Grading

7.1 Officially Recognized Grading In an ROD dated 30 November 2010, HWC’s BELCom committee proposed a Grade II grading for the werf. The grading has no formal status as it has not been formally gazetted.

7.2 Significances The author agrees with the suggested grading of HWC and notes the following significances:

Significance Criteria as per NHRA s.3(3) Author’s Comments relating to property a) its importance in the c ommunity or pattern of YES , The farm is associated with the Moravian the history of the Western Cape mission station, Genadendal, through the first land owner of Oaks (then called Hartebeestekraal), the missionary George Schmidt. Associated with the origin of the mission station. b) the uncommon, rare or endangered aspects YES, the werf layout with its buildings and werf that it possess reflecting the Western Cape’s walls that completely enclose an inner farmyard natural or cultural heritage utilized for horse keeping, is a rare example of its type. c) the potential that the site may yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the western cape’s natural or cultural heritage d) its importance in demonstrating the principal YES, the farm buildings and enclosing walls characteristics of a particular class of the demonstrate a particular type of werf set-up, Western Cape’s natural or cultural places or specific in this case to the horse and sheep objects breeding history of the farm in particular. e) its importance in exhibiting particular YES, the architecture and space making qualities aesthetic characteristics valued by a community of the buildings and werf are highly valued by or cultural group in the Western Cape cultural groups of the Western Cape and South Africa. f) its importance in demonstrating a high degree YES, the recorded history of the farm lists of creative or technical achievement at a period technical innovations in farming and breeding in the development or history of the Western associated with prominent owners of the Oaks Cape farm, and the buildings such as the stables and kraals they erected for these purposes. g) its strong or special association with a YES, associated with the Moravian mission particular community or cultural group for social, station at Genadendal; associated with cultural or spiritual reasons’ indigenous peoples of the area, slave labour, and settler history, including British and . h) its strong or special association with the li fe or YES, first landowner of The Oaks was also the work of a person, group or organization of missionary that established Genadendal. Most importance in the history of the Western Cape prominent owner was Thomas Butterworth Charles Bayley – an important society person in Cape Town and important to the local farming region of the Overberg. 7.3 Elements of the application building which have Heritage Value or contribute to the Heritage Significance as a whole

Element Affected by this application Physical ly touched by this application Historic fabric of the walls YES YES – New door openings are proposed to go in existing window openings in the walls – this necessitates removal of brickwork from sill level to floor in two instances and removal of brickwork to create a wider opening in one instance. Historic fabric of the beams NO NO Recently r estored façade fac ing NO NO onto werf Overall scale and form of the NO YES – new addition proposed building with its recently for the back elevation (facing restored thatch roof out of the werf)

It should be noted that the historic fabric of this building consists mainly of the walls, and the beams. The thatching and latte are new materials, as well as all the doors and windows, which were placed in pre-existing openings in the walls, in order not to disturb the only remaining historic fabric. 8-The Alterations and Additions Proposal Refer to drawings prepared by Malherbe Rust Architects:

“The Oaks – Pioniers Huis – Elevations – Rev 0 – dated 30.03.2016”

“The Oaks – Pioniers Huis – Floorplans – Rev 0 – dated 30.03.2016”

Proposed changes:

1. New Dressing Room: To be built on existing retaining walls behind (west of) the Pioneers house; new door access to be created in existing window opening on west façade. 2. Removal of an internal wall (of modern brickwork) for the creation of a Bedroom on the ground floor. 3. New Scullery/ Laundry: To be built on existing retaining walls behind (west of) the Pioneers house; existing door access is available. 4. Removal of an internal wall (of modern brickwork) in order to create open plan between the Kitchen and Dining Room. 5. New TV/ Playroom: To be built on existing retaining walls behind (west of) the Pioneers house; new door access to be created in existing window opening on west façade. This opening is proposed to be made wider than the current opening in order to create a contemporary open plan living arrangement between the Kitchen, Dining and TV Rooms.

Mitigating factors:

1) The new additions have been planned to line up and be built on the foundations and walling of the existing external retaining walls behind the building, thereby eliminating the need for new foundations excavations.

2) Access to the proposed new additions has been planned through existing openings, in order to minimize loss of historic fabric. The three access openings are as follows:

a) Access to the New Dressing Room : An existing window is proposed to be converted into a door, by removing the brickwork down to the floor, while keeping the original width. b) Access to the Scullery/Laundry: Through an existing door – i.e. no work required. c) Access to the TV/ Play room: An existing window is proposed to be converted into a double width opening. This necessitates the removal of brick work down to the floor as well as some in the width.

It is important to note that these existing door and window openings do not necessarily reflect the original Pioneers phase openings; rather, they were utilized as openings in the restoration for the fact that they were already present as disturbances in the fabric.

3) The form and scale of the new additions as well as the location of them on the outside of the werf, render them of low impact. The architectural language proposed is as per the previously approved design philosophy where new additions are treated as flat roofed elements with slate topped parapets. Summary of Impact:

Existing Material to be Historic Fabric of Heritage New Contributing Changes Benefits of removed or affected Significance material & visible changes introduced Compatibility from to Werf significance Dressing Room access: Existing external wall New door Yes No Practical (west façade): piece of necessity – brickwork to be walling from sill to floor; access from removed from sill to note that the window Bedroom to floor of an existing itself is new – it dates to Dressing window to create a the recent restoration. Room door.

TV Room access: Existing external wall New Yes No Practical (west façade) walling plastered necessity of brickwork to be from sill to floor and 1m edges to access as well removed from cill to wider in width; note that opening, as floor and in width of the window itself is new new beam contemporary existing window – it dates to the recent open plan opening to create a restoration. living. double width opening.

Two internal walls to be None None n/a No Contemporary removed open plan living.

Above: Architectural rendering indicating the new additions to the back of the Pioneers House.

Above: Architectural rendering indicating the new additions to the back of the Pioneers House.

9-Legislative Requirements

The property has no formal graded status, which requires publication in the Government Gazette.

Section 34 of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) of 1999 applies, since the building is a structure older than 60 years. A permit is required for the proposed alterations and additions.

S.30(11)(b) states the requirement to notify conservation bodies who have registered their interests. Accordingly, prior to HWC/BELCom submission the proposal will be circulated to the relevant (as recommended by HWC) Interested and Affected parties, for a 30 (calendar) day comment period.

10-Conclusions

10.1) The new work proposed for the Pioneers House comprises of additions to the back of the building – i.e. on the outside of the werf. None of the proposed work will be visible from the werf aspect.

10.2) The plan form of the proposed new additions line up with the existing retaining walls at the back of the building in order to eliminate the need for excavating new foundations.

10.3) The scale and form of the additions are in accordance with the HWC approved design philosophy/ architectural language employed elsewhere on the werf for new additions to historic buildings.

10.4) The new rooms are accessed through converting existing window openings into doors. The existing windows are new items dating to the recent restoration, and was inserted into existing openings in the brickwork at the time.

10.5) The internal walls that are proposed for removal are not of historic fabric, but modern brickwork.

10.6) The impact of the proposal is low and is limited to removal of a small amount of external wall sections at the two door openings proposed.

11-Recommendations

Proposals recommended for approval

The proposal does not affect the heritage significance of the werf, as the new additions are planned for the outside elevation, and will not be visible from the werf.

The proposal is in accordance with previously approved architectural language and design philosophy as presented to HWC in previous application for other buildings on the werf.

The proposal will contribute positively to the overall use of the building, thereby enhancing its value by means of necessary upkeep and renovation. 12-References

Du Toit, D; Hartebeeskraal/ The Oaks: Deel 1 Argitektuur Ontwikkeling ; Unpublished Study; March 2008

Du Toit, D; Hartebeeskraal/ The Oaks: Deel 2 Historiese Oorsig ; Unpublished Study; March 2008

Lewcock 1963 (Referred to in Ms Du Toit’s studies above)

Walton, J 1989 (Referred to in Ms Du Toit’s studies above) www.greytonaccommodation.com/genadendal.html 29.03.2016 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyton 29.03.2016

13-Photographs

Wine Cellar Stables/Shed

Mill

Open Stables/ dog shelter Pioneers House

Manor House

Above: Google Earth image of werf: The application building (Pioneers House) at bottom left.

Above: East Elevation – facing into werf – of the Pioneers House as it looks today, after restoration.

Above: East Elevation – facing into werf – of the Pioneers House with plaster stripped for research in 2007/2008

Above: East Elevation – facing into werf – of the Pioneers House, prior to restoration.

Above: Back elevation of the Pioneers House (West Elevation – facing out of werf) as it looks today. The new additions are proposed for this side of the house.

Above: The area at the back of the Pioneers House where the additions are being proposed.

Above: Interior photograph of Pioneers House with original beams in place, and new ceiling installed during recent restoration.

Above: Contextual photograph of the southern end of the werf, with the H-plan manor house in the background, and the mill and Pioneers House in the foreground. This is the West elevation – i.e. the sides of these last two buildings facing out of the werf enclosure.

Above: View of the manor house and the Pioneers House (on the right hand side) from within the centre of the werf – North Elevation

Above: Werf enclosure shared by walls and buildings

Above: Mill – example of how the principle/ design philosopy has been implemented as approved by HWC for the architectural language to be employed on new additions. The accepted approach was to make all new additions onto historic buildings flat parapet roofed, with a thin slate edging to finish off the parapet line. (East Elevation)

Above: View of the Mill in the foreground, with its modern addition, and the Pioneers House in the background – this is a view from the inside of the werf – i.e. the East elevations.

Above: View of the Mill in the foreground, with its modern addition, and the Pioneers House in the background – this is a view from the outside of the werf – i.e. the West elevations.

Above: View of the Wine Cellar (today used as function venue) with its modern flat roofed addition as per approved design principle. The Mill and the Wine Cellar are the only two buildings that have these modern additions at present, and the architectural language employed has worked effectively in communicating to the viewer the layering/ historical phases of the buildings. South Elevation. Appendix A

1756-1800 Pioniers

1800-1809 Nelson

1809-1844 Theunissen

1844-1868 Bayley/Van Breda 1868-1908 Chiapini/Bredenkamp 1908-1945 Roux/De Kock 1945-

Above: Werf development plan by Malherbe Rust Architects, dated 2008.