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Panchgani SFD Report Produced By: CEPT University India Panchgani SFD Report Produced by: CEPT University India Shit-Flow-Diagram Panchgani India Draft Report This SFD Report was created through desk-based research by CEPT University, Ahmedabad. Date of production: 24-08-2016 Last update: 23-12-2016 Panchgani Executive Summary Produced by: CEPT University India SFD Report Panchgani, India, 2016 Produced by: CEPT University, Ahmedabad Last Update: 23-12-2016 II Panchgani Executive Summary Produced by: CEPT University India 1. The Diagram 2. Diagram information Panchgani Municipal boundary has been Desk or field based: chosen for the SFD study. It comprises an area of 6.12 Sq. Km. (PAS Project, 2016) This is a desk based SFD. As per Census 2011, Panchgani has a Produced by: population of 14,897 persons, with a density PAS Project, CEPT University, Ahmedabad of 2,434 persons per sq. km. 26% of the total Status: population (3,850 persons) lives in slums This is a draft SFD (Census, 2011). As per PAS database, population of Panchgani is 15,530 in year Date of production: 2015-16 (PAS Project, 2016). 24/08/2016 Due to it being a prominent tourist 3. General city information destination, the city has a high percentage of Panchgani is a hill station and municipal floating population. council in Satara district of Maharashtra state. 4. Service delivery context It is situated in the middle of five hills in the Sahyadri mountain ranges. “A comprehensive legal framework” to regulate wastewater disposal is absent in Panchgani is situated about 285 km from India. At the Union level, the Water Mumbai and 18 km from Mahabaleshwar, (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, another renowned hill station in Maharashtra. 1974 and the Environment (Protection) Act, The city is part of Mahabaleshwar-Panchgani 1986 include provisions for wastewater Eco-Sensitive Zone declared by the Ministry of disposal. State Pollution Control Boards are Environment and Forests, Government of responsible for their implementation. These India (GoI) in the year 2000. (Panchgani laws also prescribe option in the case for non- guidebook) compliance. However, monitoring and Last Update: 23-12-2016 III Panchgani Executive Summary Produced by: CEPT University India implementation have been extremely poor. are connected to the sewerage system. The (The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986) (The sewerage network covers less than half of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) population (42%). Rest of the city is largely Act 1974, 1974) dependent on septic tanks (58%). The size of the septic tank depends on the availability of The National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) space at the time of construction, and hence, of Government of India (GoI), 2008 was the there is no standard size; the effluent flows first comprehensive policy statement on into drains. (PAS Project, 2016) urban sanitation in India. While the NUSP Emptying: In Panchgani, Septic tanks are recognized the entire sanitation cycle and emptied both by PHSMC and by private need for addressing faecal sludge operators. PHSMC owns one suction truck and management, seems to not have seeped the private operator owns a second one, down to state and local governments. (NUSP, which is licensed by PHSMC. The emptied 2008) septage is discharged either at the sewage The advisory note on septage management in pumping station or to the nearest sewer urban India, issued by Ministry of Urban manhole. The fee for emptying is INR 1,000 Development (MoUD) in year 2013, (15 USD) for septic tanks located inside the recommends supplementing City Sanitation city limits. For emptying septic tanks which are Plans (CSP) with Septage Management Sub- located outside city limits, the charges are INR Plan (SMP). (Advisory, 2013) 2,000 (30 USD). On an average around 750 septic tanks are emptied once in 3-5 years out The regulatory framework for onsite of total 1544 septic tanks in the city while sanitation comes from the Municipal Act and others are emptied on unscheduled basis at Bye-laws. There are also legal instruments, longer duration (~ more than 6 years). Income related to environment pollution, that provide from septage emptying is approximately INR for safe collection and discharge of waste 1,00,000 (1,494 USD) annually. (PAS Project, water. The Urban Local Body (ULB) is 2016) (Sanitary inspector, 2016) (SLB- responsible for enforcing these regulations. Panchgani, 2016). Panchgani Hill Station Municipal Council Transport: The sewerage system transports (PHSMC) provides emptying services of septic the collected wastewater to the Sewage tanks, which is then disposed at the existing Treatment Plant (STP). Septage is transported Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). (Sanitary by truck mounted suction emptier truck and inspector, 2016) discharged into nearby manhole of sewerage 5. Service outcomes network or on open ground outside city limit. A brief overview of the different sanitation (Sanitary inspector, 2016) systems in use at Panchgani across the Treatment: PHSMC is operating 2 Sewerage sanitation service chain, and their status is treatment plants (STP) in the city, which use given below: Anoxic bio reactor technology for treatment. Containment: In Panchgani, nearly 94% Total Installed Capacity of STP (Primary + households have individual toilet facilities, of Secondary) is 1 MLD. Collected Septage is this nearly 36% are connected to the either disposed to nearby manholes of sewerage system and the rest have onsite sewerage network or disposed on open sanitation facilities. Around 6% of households ground outside city limit. Grey water/Effluent are dependent on community toilets, which collected through drains is also treated at Last Update: 23-12-2016 IV Panchgani Executive Summary Produced by: CEPT University India existing STP. However, the adequacy of delivered by PHSMC through the health treatment capacity is only 83% of total department of the Council which is headed by wastewater generated. (SLB-Panchgani, 2016) the health officer. Septage management is also the responsibility of the same End-use/Disposal: Currently, treated department. (Sanitary inspector, 2016) wastewater is not reused in Panchgani. Water supply is entirely handled by According to PAS Project database, in the year Maharashtra Jivan Pradhikaran (MJP), a state- 201 6, 42% of the waste water of Panchgani wide utility. (Water Supply Engineer, 2016) flows through the sewerage system, out of which 35% gets treated and 7.0% remains Apart from PHSMC, private emptying agency untreated as adequacy of sewage treatment (viz. Chavhan cleaning services) is providing plant is only 83%. emptying services of septic tanks within and around the city. Rest of Households toilets are connected to septic tanks (58%). Out of them, 28% septic Table 1: Key stakeholders (Source: Compiled by tanks are safely emptied. Emptying of PAS Project, 2016) remaining 30% septic tanks is considered as Key Stakeholders Institutions / Organizations / unscheduled. The emptied septage is discharged either at the sewage pumping Panchgani Hill Station Municipal Council (PHSMC), station or to the nearest sewer manhole. Public Institutions Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP), Hence, in Panchgani, 42% of faecal sludge is Maharashtra Pollution Control safely managed while 58% is unsafely Board (MPCB) Chavhan cleaning services (Septic managed posing risk to environment and Private Sector tank emptying services) health. (SLB-Panchgani, 2016) Aquatech Pvt. Ltd. (O & M of STP) 7. Credibility of data In Panchgani, FS is considered safely managed, if it is either conveyed through sewerage Two key sources of data are used: Census of system and safely treated in STP or contained India, 2011 and PAS Project, 2016. The data is in septic tank from where it is emptied verified and updated through Key Informant regularly with proper treatment. Faecal sludge Interviews (KIIs) with PHSMC officials. which is not treated in STP or which is 8. Process of SFD development discharge into open ground without proper Data is collected through secondary sources. treatment is considered as unsafely managed. City officials were contacted on phone to 6. Overview of stakeholders conduct KIIs with relevant stakeholders, to fill The city is governed by Panchgani Hill Station in the gaps in data and to verify the data Municipal Council (PHSMC) led by President collected. and supported by 16 councillors. Limitations: PHSMC is responsible for planning, designing, It is dependent on secondary data source. and construction of sewerage network and Data on toilets and excreta management for Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Operation and commercial and institutional properties was maintenance of STP is handled by private not available and hence is not considered. agency i.e. Aquatech Pvt. Ltd. 9. List of data sources Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) For this SFD report, primary data is collected is responsible for waste water quality testing through discussions with officials of Panchgani at STPs. Public health and sanitation service is Hill Station Municipal Council. The secondary Last Update: 23-12-2016 V Panchgani Executive Summary Produced by: CEPT University India data source is the Service level Benchmark (SLB) database for Panchgani city collected under PAS Project, CEPT university (www.pas.org.in) (PAS Project, 2016). The Performance assessment framework developed under PAS project is operationalized through the online SLB-PAS module, a web based system for collection and analysis of water supply and sanitation services data. It includes aspects of equity and on-site sanitation
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