FAIRFAX COUNTY INVENTORY OF HISTORIC SITES INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY NOMINATION FORM

To be considered for listing on the Fairfax County Inventory of Historic Sites by the Fairfax County History Commission, a property must meet one or more of the following criteria: • Have significant character, interest, or value as part of the development, heritage, or cultural characteristics of the County, State, or Nation; • Be the site of a significant historical event; • Be identified with a person or group of persons who influenced society; • Exemplify the cultural, economic, social, political, or historic heritage of the County or its communities; • Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of design or construction; • Represent the work of a master craftsman, architect, designer, or builder; • Possess high artistic values; • Represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; • Represent an established and familiar visual feature of the neighborhood, community or County due to its singular man-made or natural characteristics or features; or • Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, archaeological information important in history or prehistory.

1. HISTORIC NAME OF PROPERTY (if not known, use current name or address): Lamond House

2. STREET ADDRESS: 7509 Fort Hunt Road

CITY: Alexandria STATE: VA ZIP CODE: 22307

3. FAIRFAX COUNTY TAX MAP REFERENCE NUMBER: 93-4 ((1)) 3

4. FAIRFAX COUNTY SUPERVISOR DISTRICT: Mount Vernon Supervisory District

5. LEGAL OWNER OF PROPERTY: Fairfax County Park Authority

STREET ADDRESS: 12055 Government Center Parkway Suite 927

CITY: Fairfax STATE: VA ZIP CODE: 22035

DAYTIME PHONE: 703-534-3881 E-MAIL: [email protected]

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF PROPERTY OWNER(S): Has the property owner(s) been informed that this application has been prepared and submitted for consideration?

X Yes No

1 7. GENERAL DATA

A. Type of property: brick dwelling and wooded land

B. Date(s) of resource(s) and source: c.1940

C. Outbuildings: NA

D. Approximate area or acreage: 17.9 acres

E. Architect or Builder (if known): Malcolm Matheson

F. Original Use: Dwelling

G. Present Use: Fairfax County Park Authority Park

8. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Describe architectural features, additions, and any alterations to the property. Description should also address building condition, setting, and any significant landscape features. Information should be submitted on typed, consecutively numbered 8 ½ ” x 11" sheets, as necessary.

9. HISTORY: Briefly note any significant events, personages and/or families associated with the property. Please note all sources of information. Information should be submitted on typed, consecutively numbered 8 ½ " x 11" sheets, as necessary.

10. PHOTOGRAPHS: Black and white or color exterior photographs that show the front and side elevations should be provided. Photographs of other buildings on the property and views of the general setting are also required. If available, black and white or color interior photographs may be provided. Photographs should be labeled on the reverse and should not be mounted or affixed in any way.

11. MAPS: A map showing the precise location of the property must be provided. A County Parcel Identification Map section is preferred. A sketch showing the location of the primary building and any outbuildings on the lot should also be provided. Please include a scale, a "North" arrow, and the names of major streets.

12. APPLICANT (the person who prepared this form): Cultural Resources Management and Protection Section

STREET ADDRESS: 2855 Annandale Road

CITY: Falls Church STATE: VA ZIP CODE: 22042

PHONE: 703-534-3881 E-MAIL: [email protected]

APPLICANTS SIGNATURE: DATE:

Please submit this application with accompanying materials and documentation to: Historic Preservation Planner, Fairfax County Department of Planning and Zoning 12055 Government Center Parkway, Suite 730 Fairfax, VA 22035

The Historic Preservation Planner will review the application and submit it to the History Commission, who will vote as to whether or not to add the property to the Inventory of Historic Sites.

To request reasonable ADA accommodations, call the Fairfax County Department of Planning and Zoning, 703-324-1380, TTY 711 ( Relay).

2 8. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Describe architectural features, additions, and any alterations to the property. Description should also address building condition, setting, and any significant landscape features. Information should be submitted on typed, consecutively numbered 8 ½ ” x 11" sheets, as necessary.

The Lamond House is a circa 1940 brick Colonial Revival two-and-one-half-story, center passage, hipped roof house situated on top of a wooded ridge in Lamond Park. Lamond Park is approximately 3 miles south of the City of Alexandria located between Fort Hunt Road and the Potomac River. Lamond House is centered on the western portion of Lamond Park’s 17.9 acres (tax parcel # 93-4 ((1)) 3). The side-gable house faces east looking out over a lawn and gravel driveway. To the south of the house is formal garden and both the house and garden are surrounded by trees. The house is currently being used as a residential unit for the Resident Caretaker and in the future for private rentals.

The park is surrounded by the single family home subdivisions of Villamay and Wellington Heights to the north, east, and south and Fort Hunt Road to the west. The park may be accessed by a steep winding gravel driveway off Fort Hunt Road that runs south of the house and then bends north and west to approach the front elevation of the house from the east. There is also pedestrian access on the northern border of the park at the end of Burtonwood Drive. The majority of the park is wooded and there is a creek running north/south near the eastern border. Not visible from the house due to a screen of trees is a playground just south of the Burtonwood

Drive pedestrian access. A preliminary surface archaeological survey has been conducted for Lamond Park and has identified three components of archaeological Native American and historic significance that will require further study.

The house is approached from the east by a gravel drive through a canopy of deciduous trees. The driveway splits as it bends to the north towards the attached two car garage. A short driveway spur turns south in front of the brick walkway crossing the front lawn to the central front door on the east elevation of the house. The house is regularly fenestrated, has a water table below the first floor windows, and brick dental frieze under the roof line.

The windows have brick jack arches above them and the fanlights have brick round arches.

The east (front) elevation of the brick house has a two-and-one-half-story five-bay central block with a one- story sunroom wing to the south and a one-and-one-half-story recessed garage wing to the north. The southernmost bay of the first floor is the one story sunroom with a single-light fixed-pane window under a fanlight.

The flat roof of the sunroom is surrounded by a brick parapet perforated with red clay tile latticework above the window. The central five-bay block of the house has a brick enclosed entry porch capped with stone coping in the central bay.

Five stone steps lead up to the central six-panel wood door capped with a fanlight and flanked on either side by wood pilasters. Above the fanlight is a brick and stone arch, a black metal lantern, and a rectangular stone plaque. The spacing between the two bays south of the door is larger and each bay has a twelve-over-twelve 3 double-hung window with three-panel green wood shutters. The two bays north of the door each have a six-over- nine double-hung window with two-panel green wood shutters. The second floor of the five-bay central block has a six-over-six double-hung window with green louvered shutters in each of the bays. The slate hipped roof above the five-bay central block is lower over the southern bay and there is a wide interior brick chimney. The roof steps up over the four northern bays and in the central bay there is four-over-four double-hung window in a front gable dormer with a pediment and is flanked on either side by lunette dormer windows with copper roofs. The one-and- one-half-story garage wing to the north is attached to the central block of the house by a one story enclosed colonnade with three brick arches filled with grey stucco. The central arch has a twelve-light-over-one-panel door with a fanlight above. The arches on either side each have a twelve-over-six single-hung round arch window. The northernmost bay is the garage and has no fenestration on the first floor. The garage has a hipped roof with a central six-light casement window in a shed roof dormer.

The northern elevation is dominated by the extended garage wing. The first floor of the garage has two green ten-panel garage doors and the hipped roof has a central six-by-six casement window in a shed roof dormer. The recessed easternmost bay of the central block is a six-over-nine double-hung window with three-panel green wood shutters on the first floor and a six-over-six double hung window with green wood louvered shutters on the second floor. Hidden behind the roof of the garage in the westernmost bay on the second floor of the central block is a six-over-six double-hung window.

The rear (west) elevation of the house is similar in form to the east elevation but has irregular fenestration and no window shutters. The garage is the northernmost portion of the house and has two four-light fixed-pane windows on the first floor. Centrally located in the hipped roof above the garage is a six-light casement window in a shed roof dormer. The exposed south wall of the garage has a four-light fixed pane window on the first floor and a six-light casement window in a shed roof dormer in the hipped roof. The garage is connected to the central block of the house by a recessed enclosed brick colonnade with three brick arches filled with grey stucco. The central arch has a twelve-light over one-panel door with a fanlight. The arches on either side each have a lunette fanlight window. The remaining space in front of the recessed colonnade and between the garage and the central block of the house is a raised brick patio.

The central block of the house is irregularly fenestrated but can be roughly divided into four bays. Below the water table in the northernmost bay of the central block are brick stairs leading down to a basement door protected by a small shed roof. The first floor of the central block from the north has two six-over-six double-hung windows, two four-light fixed-pane windows in the central bay, and a six-over-nine double-hung window in the southern bay. The second floor from the north has one six-over-six double-hung window, a four-light fixed-pane window, a fifteen-over-twelve single-hung round arch window in the central bay, and a six-over-six double-hung window in the southern bay. Evenly spaced in the hipped roof are two lunette dormers with copper roofs. Above the southern portion of the central block is a wide interior brick chimney. To the south of the central block of the 4 house is a one-story sunroom wing with three bays. Six brick stairs lead up to a central single-light door flanked on either side by single fixed pan windows with fanlights above them. Above the two windows the brick parapet around the flat roof of the sunroom is perforated by red clay tile latticework. Recessed above the northern window of the sunroom on the second floor of an extension of the central block of the house is a six-over-six double-hung window.

The first floor of the south elevation of the house has a brick double staircase leading up to a central single- light double door with a fanlight. The central door is flanked on both sides by a single-light fixed-pane window.

There are single-light fixed-pane windows with fanlights in the westernmost and easternmost bays. Above the three fanlights the brick parapet around the flat roof of the sunroom is perforated with red clay tile latticework. The second floor of the south elevation is recessed from the sunroom. The western bay is recessed farther than the eastern bay and has a six-over-six double-hung window. The eastern bay has a four-by-four casement window.

Because of the extension of the eastern portion of the central block of the house the roof is a double-hipped roof and the central interior brick chimney is located in the valley of the two roofs.

The south elevation looks over a sunken formal garden to the south of the house. A wide six-step brick staircase leads down into the rectangular garden surrounded by boxwood hedges. Centrally located in the garden lawn is rectangular water feature that has been covered. Plans for restoration of the garden are underway and planned for the near future.

5 9. HISTORY: (Portions of the early history of the Lamond property is excerpted or paraphrased from the Lamond Park General Management Plan Conceptual Development Plan 2002, which is held in the Fairfax County Park Authority Cultural Resource Management and Protection Section Library at James Lee Community Center in Falls Church, VA)

The Lamond House and gardens are being nominated to the Fairfax County Inventory of Historic Sites for its significance on a local level for architecture and for the culturally significant shift in Fairfax County from an agricultural community to a professional suburb of Alexandria and Washington, D.C. Lamond House is located south of the City of Alexandria on land that once had been part of large farms and country estates. The Lamond

House was built circa 1940 for a prominent Alexandria family at the time Alexandria professionals were moving south into Fairfax County for new, large, country estate homes. By the 1950s the 17.9 acres of the Lamond property was surrounded by suburban subdivisions.

The early history of the property is somewhat unclear. Due to its topographic features, Pre-European contact Native Americans would have favored this area. Its immediate proximity to Paul’s Spring Branch and one of its tributaries, and to the Potomac River would have made this location optimum for settlement. The high ground overlooking these secondary streams would have added to the attraction. In 1703, it was part of a 598-acre parcel granted by the Northern Neck Proprietors to Thomas Sandiford. In 1715, Sandiford bequeathed this land to William

Darrell and his wife Ann Fowke Mason, daughter of Colonel . Ann and her third husband, Thomas

Smith, later divided this land between their two daughters, Susannah and Mary Smith. The northern portion conveyed to Mary Smith. 1 By 1760, Gerrard Alexander owned the 248-acre northern portion of the Sandiford grant, although it is not clear when he came into possession of the tract. A missing deed recording a conveyance from Thomas Smith et al. to Gerrard Alexander between 1755 and 1761 may have recorded this transaction. The heirs of Philip Alexander then conveyed the property to Charles William Valengen sometime between 1760 and

1813.

In 1816, Valengen conveyed the land to of Hollin Hall (which was located on the hill just west of the present day Lamond parcel of land). 2 In the records of the time, this tract is known as the “Hog Island” tract. Mason’s estate was divided in 1824, and Lot 3 (143 acres) was conveyed to his daughter Mary and her husband Fayette Ball. 3 After their deaths, the land was sold to Samuel Collard in 1839.4 Collard almost

1 Beth Mitchell. Beginning at a White Oak… (Fairfax County Administrative Services, 1979) 242.

2 Fairfax County Deed Book O-2, 233.

3 Fairfax County Deed Book W-2, 162.

4 Fairfax County Deed Book E-3, 130.

6 immediately conveyed this property to his wife Margaret, who conveyed it in trust to her brother, George Burke.5 In

1853, Margaret bequeathed 128 acres to her brother.6

In 1864, Burke confirmed the sale of 128 acres to the Johnston heirs, Jane A., Mary A., and Francis E.7

In 1876, the estate of Jane Johnston was divided and 18 unimproved acres of the larger “Burkely” estate were conveyed to Katie M.G. Johnston (it is this subdivision of land that created the boundaries of the Lamond parcel of land).8 Land tax records show that there were no improvements on this parcel and in 1922 it was sold to T.J.

Snyder.9 The Snyders sold the property in 1925 to S.B. Moore, who sold it to the Angus Slater Lamond and his newly wed wife Jaquelin Randolph Smith Lamond in 1940.10

Angus Slater Lamond was from an established Alexandria family. His father, Clyde Lamond, started the

Potomac River Clay Works and was the President of Citizens National Bank of Alexandria. His parents, Mary

Slater Lamond and Clyde Lamond, lived on the Slater family land when jurisdictional boundary changes moved their land from Arlington County into the City of Alexandria. Clyde Lamond was an early leading Alexandria citizen to move south into the new Fairfax County neighborhood of Belle Haven.11 The Belle Haven Realty Corporation planned and subdivided the neighborhood in the 1920s and by 1935 81 houses had already been constructed in

Belle Haven with more planned. Most of the neighborhood was composed of Colonial Revival houses. Belle

Haven was advertised as an exclusive community with views of the river and amenities such as the country club and wooded trails for horseback riding.12

The Lamonds, both father and son, were a part of a larger trend of Alexandria professionals moving south out of the city to a more idyllic country setting of the new suburbs. In fact the trend also included political leaders in Alexandria. In 1937 an Alexandria City Councillor was not able to run for reelection because of his recent move south out of Alexandria to the new Belle Haven neighborhood in Fairfax County.13 During the 1930s A. Slater

Lamond was an Alexandria City Councillor, the Vice Mayor of Alexandria and also held the same position as

George Washington had as worshipful master for the Alexandria-Washington Lodge of Masons. 14

5 Fairfax County Deed Book E-3, 423.

6 Fairfax County Deed Book X, 317.

7 Fairfax County Deed Book F-4, 133.

8 Fairfax County Deed Book V-4, 117.

9 Fairfax County Deed Book A-9, 351; 1910 Fairfax County Tax Assessments.

10 Fairfax County Deed Book Q-9, 194 and X-13, 458.

11 “Clyde Lamond, Of Alexandria, Is Dead at 65” The Washington Post (Jul 23, 1938) X24.

12 “Three Homes Are Exhibited In Belle Haven” The Washington Post (May 26, 1935) R6.

13 “2 Councilmen Enter Primary At Alexandria” The Washington Post (Jan 29, 1937) 5.

14 “Library Stone Ceremony Held At Alexandria” The Washington Post (Feb 23, 1937) 7. 7 On November 10, 1939 A. Slater Lamond married Jaquelin Randolph Smith in Fredericksburg, Virginia.15

The Smiths were an established Virginia family and Jaquelin is a direct descendant of Thomas Jefferson.16 A few months after their wedding the Lamonds purchased property to build a new house south of Belle Haven along the road out of Alexandria, present day Fort Hunt Road. 17 A. Slater Lamond remained an active participant in

Alexandria life and helped to establish and shape the new communities in Fairfax County. During the early 1940s

A. Slater Lamond was the secretary for the Alexandria Hospital Corporation and was an officer of the Citizens

National Bank.18 A. Slater Lamond and his twin brother, Clyde C. Lamond, Jr., operated the Potomac River Clay

Works until the late 1940s.19 In 1946 A. Slater Lamond was on the executive committee of the newly formed

Mount Vernon Citizens Association. 20 During the 1950s A. Slater Lamond was the secretary of the Fairfax County

Planning Commission and he was a real estate agent with offices in Alexandria. 21

The Lamond house is an archetypal example of a large high-style brick Colonial Revival house. Colonial

Revival architecture was popular from circa 1890-1950. Its popularity stemmed from Americans revisiting their colonial past after the nation’s centennial in 1876. The early 20th century saw an increased interest in restoring colonial houses and gardens and that interest was often focused on Colonial Williamsburg, in both its restoration and the “duplication” of its style in new construction around the country. The combination of both Georgian and

Federal design features, shallow machine milled wood moldings, and prominent front doors are hallmarks of

Colonial Revival houses.

The exact date of construction of the Lamond house after the purchase of the land in 1940 is unknown but was likely within the first year. According to neighbors the Lamonds hired their neighbor Malcolm Matheson to build their house.22 Matheson grew up at the Wellington estate south of the Lamond property and was a prominent developer and builder in the Washington, D.C. area. In 1938 Matheson built his own house at Ferry

Point and after it was finished started the construction of the Lamond house. 23 During the late 1930s Matheson was working on multiple projects designed in the popular Colonial Revival style. An article in The Washington

15 “Halloween Dance Set Tuesday In Alexandria Country Club” The Washington Post (Oct 29, 1939) S4.

16 “Press Club to Honor Children Of Seven American Presidents” The Washington Post and Times Herald (Apr 26, 1959) F10.

17 Fairfax County Deed Book X-13, 458.

18 “Alexandria Hospital Corp. Elects Officers” The Washington Post (Apr 7, 1944) 2; “Citizens Bank of Alexandria To Mark 75th Anniversary” The Washington Post (Sep 4, 1945) 12.

19 “Suburban Real Estate Broker Angus Slater Lamond Dies” The Washington Post (Mar 9, 1987) D6.

20 “New Citizens' Unit Of Mount Vernon Meets Tomorrow” The Washington Post (Jan 6, 1946) M2.

21 “Keith Price Elected to 12th Term” The Washington Post and Times Herald (Jan 9, 1957) B3; “Suburban Real Estate Broker Angus Slater Lamond Dies” The Washington Post (Mar 9, 1987) D6.

22 Conversation with Susan Hellman July 2009.

23 “Malcolm Matheson Jr., 94; Developer and Businessman” The Washington Post (Dec 24, 2007) B7; Conversation with Susan Hellman July 2009. 8 Post described how Matheson was using the restored buildings in Williamsburg, Virginia as models for brickwork details and an advertisement for one of his houses described it as a “true Williamsburg colonial”.24

While Matheson may have been the primary influence in the design of the house Jaquelin Lamond would have been instrumental in shaping the formal garden just south of the house. Mrs. Lamond was an active gardener and was involved in both the Washington Daffodil Society and the Hunting Creek Garden Club (a chapter of the Alexandria Garden Club).25 She hosted a meeting at her house to organize the fundraising for the new landscaping at Alexandria Hospital in 1945 and won awards for gardening at area flower exhibits.26

During the early 1940s the Lamond house would have been one of the first houses to infill the former 19th century Hollin Hall estate but by the 1950s the ridge across from Hollin Hall was fully subdivided. The 17.9 acres around the Lamond house provided a buffer from the new Villamay and Wellington suburban neighborhoods.

Matheson continued to develop the fast growing Washington, D.C. suburbs and an article in 1948 about the

90,000 new houses that started construction in April included Matheson’s Hollin Hall Village subdivision south of the Lamond property.27

The Lamonds were the sole residents of the Lamond house until the surrounding neighbors advocated for the Fairfax County Park Authority to purchase the property for parkland in 2000.28 The majority of the park has been left as a natural wooded area and a playground has been installed for community use. The house is home to a Resident Caretaker and will be used for special events in the future after the gravel driveway is widened to be more accessible. The formal garden south of the house is to be restored in the near future.

24 “Matheson Houses Mark Row Evolution” The Washington Post (Oct 9, 1938) R1; “Display Ad 35 -- No Title” The Washington Post (May 21, 1939) R1.

25 “Institute Set Here Friday On Daffodils” The Washington Post and Times Herald (Apr 1, 1959) A15.

26 “Landscaping Funds Sought For Hospital” The Washington Post (May 21, 1945) 5; “Area Entrants Win Awards At Middleburg Lily Exhibit” The Washington Post (Jun 25, 1951)B5.

27 “90,000 Homes Started in April” The Washington Post (May 16, 1948) R9.

28 Fairfax County Deed Book 11249, 1009. 9 10. PHOTOGRAPHS: Black and white or color exterior photographs that show the front and side elevations should be provided. Photographs of other buildings on the property and views of the general setting are also required. If available, black and white or color interior photographs may be provided. Photographs should be labeled on the reverse and should not be mounted or affixed in any way.

Lamond House Photo Log

Lamond 01 Environmental view, looking southwest

Lamond 02 View shed from east elevation, looking east

Lamond 03 View of east elevation, looking west

Lamond 04 Perspective of east and north elevation, looking southwest

Lamond 05 View of north elevation, looking south

Lamond 06 Perspective of north and west elevations, looking southeast

Lamond 07 Partial view of west elevation, looking east

Lamond 08 Partial view of west elevation, looking east

Lamond 09 View of south elevation, looking north

10 11. MAPS: A map showing the precise location of the property must be provided. A County Parcel Identification Map section is preferred. A sketch showing the location of the primary building and any outbuildings on the lot should also be provided. Please include a scale, a "North" arrow, and the names of major streets.

Lamond House \

11 Lamond Property Title Trace

June 10, 1816 DB 0-2: 233 Charles William Valengen conveys ??? acres to Thomson Mason to settle debt. George, Gerrand and Augustine Alexander (heirs of Philip) had previously conveyed (1806?) one undivided moiety of land (adjacent to Sandiford grant?) to Charles William Valengen in payment of debt. Philip Alexander had also released his claim on the property.

January 20, 1824 DB W-2: 162 Division of estate of Thomson Mason. Lot 3 (143 acres) conveyed to Fayette Ball and his wife Mary (nee Mason). Part of the Hog Island tract.

February 5, 1839 DB E-3: 130 R.E. Mason acting as Commissioner after the death of Mary Ball sells 143 acres (Lot 3) to Samuel Collard.

July 20, 1839 DB F-3: 21 Collard sells 1 acre 2 roods 29 poles to George Mason (Hollin Hall).

August 1, 1839 DB E-3: 423 Samuel Collard conveys Lot 3 to wife Margaret (nee Burke) and then conveyed in trust to George Burke for Margaret’s benefit (specified in marriage contract).

July 22, 1840 DB F-3: 186 Collards convey all land roughly west of Neck Road (area not specified) to George Mason.

October 4, 1853 WB X: 317 Margaret Collard bequeaths approximately 128 acres to brother George Burke.

March 31, 1864 DB F-4: 133 Burke sold 128 acres for $2500 to Johnston heirs, Jane A., Mary A., and Francis E. without recording conveyance. This deed insures that Francis’s widow and children will receive 1/3 interest in the property.

June term, 1876 DB V-4: 117 Division of estate of Jane Johnston. 18 acres of unimproved portion of “Berkeley” (Lot 3), plus 124 acres of the “The Old Place.”

November 14, 1910 DB H-7: 525 Johnson heirs quit claim on allotment of estate of Jane A. Johnston to Katie M.G. Johnston.

December 18, 1922 DB A-9: 351 12 Katie M.G. Johnston conveys 18 7/8 acres to T.J. Snyder

December 4, 1925 DB Q-9: 194 T.J. and Catherine L. Snyder convey 18 7/8 acres to S.B. Moore of Alexandria.

March 12, 1940 DB X-13: 458 Samuel B. and Ruth J. Moore convey 18 7/8 acres to A. Slater and Jaquelin Randolph Lamond.

February 3, 2000 DB 11249: 1009 Fairfax County Park Authority condemns property for park from Jaquelin R. Lamond.

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