Field Grown Trees Common Name Available Notes/ Specs
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Thuja Plicata Has Many Traditional Uses, from the Manufacture of Rope to Waterproof Hats, Nappies and Other Kinds of Clothing
photograph © Daniel Mosquin Culturally modified tree. The bark of Thuja plicata has many traditional uses, from the manufacture of rope to waterproof hats, nappies and other kinds of clothing. Careful, modest, bark stripping has little effect on the health or longevity of trees. (see pages 24 to 35) photograph © Douglas Justice 24 Tree of the Year : Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don In this year’s Tree of the Year article DOUGLAS JUSTICE writes an account of the western red-cedar or giant arborvitae (tree of life), a species of conifers that, for centuries has been central to the lives of people of the Northwest Coast of America. “In a small clearing in the forest, a young woman is in labour. Two women companions urge her to pull hard on the cedar bark rope tied to a nearby tree. The baby, born onto a newly made cedar bark mat, cries its arrival into the Northwest Coast world. Its cradle of firmly woven cedar root, with a mattress and covering of soft-shredded cedar bark, is ready. The young woman’s husband and his uncle are on the sea in a canoe carved from a single red-cedar log and are using paddles made from knot-free yellow cedar. When they reach the fishing ground that belongs to their family, the men set out a net of cedar bark twine weighted along one edge by stones lashed to it with strong, flexible cedar withes. Cedar wood floats support the net’s upper edge. Wearing a cedar bark hat, cape and skirt to protect her from the rain and INTERNATIONAL DENDROLOGY SOCIETY TREES Opposite, A grove of 80- to 100-year-old Thuja plicata in Queen Elizabeth Park, Vancouver. -
Dying Cedar Hedges —What Is the Cause?
Points covered in this factsheet Symptoms Planting problems Physiological effects Environmental, Soil and Climate factors Insect, Disease and Vertebrate agents Dying Cedar Hedges —What Is The Cause? Attractive and normally trouble free, cedar trees can be great additions to the landscape. Dieback of cedar hedging in the landscape is a common prob- lem. In most cases, it is not possible to pinpoint one single cause. Death is usually the result of a combination of envi- ronmental stresses, soil factors and problems originating at planting. Disease, insect or animal injury is a less frequent cause. Identifying The Host Certain species of cedar are susceptible to certain problems, so identifying the host plant can help to identify the cause and whether a symptom is an issue of concern or is normal for that plant. The most common columnar hedging cedars are Thuja plicata (Western Red Cedar - native to the West Coast) and Thuja occidentalis (American Arborvitae or Eastern White ICULTURE, PLANT HEALTH UNIT Cedar). Both species are often called arborvitae. Common varieties of Western Red ce- dar are ‘Emerald Giant’, ‘Excelsa’ and Atrovirens’. ‘Smaragd’ and ‘Pyramidalis’ are com- mon varieties of Eastern White cedar hedging. Species of Cupressus (Cypress), Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Yellow Cedar or False Cypress) and Chamaecyparis law- soniana (Port Orford Cedar or lawsom Cypress) are also used in hedging. Symptoms The pattern of symptom development/distribution can provide a clue to whether the prob- lem is biotic (infectious) or abiotic (non-infectious). Trees often die out in a group, in one section of the hedge, or at random throughout the hedge. -
Thuja Occidentalis) Swamps in Northern New York: Effects and Interactions of Multiple Variables
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Dissertations and Theses Fall 12-16-2017 Plant Species Richness and Diversity of Northern White-Cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Swamps in Northern New York: Effects and Interactions of Multiple Variables Robert Smith SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds Recommended Citation Smith, Robert, "Plant Species Richness and Diversity of Northern White-Cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Swamps in Northern New York: Effects and Interactions of Multiple Variables" (2017). Dissertations and Theses. 7. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/7 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY OF NORTHERN WHITE-CEDAR (Thuja occidentalis) SWAMPS IN NORTHERN NEW YORK: EFFECTS AND INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE VARIABLES by Robert L. Smith II A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York November 2017 Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Approved by: Donald J. Leopold, Major Professor René H. Germain, Chair, Examining Committee Donald J. Leopold, Department Chair S. Scott Shannon, Dean, The Graduate School ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my major professor, Dr. Donald J. Leopold, for his great advice during our many meetings and email exchanges. In addition, his visit to my study site and recommended improvements to my thesis were very much appreciated. -
The Relation of Soil Characteristics to Growth and Distribution of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana and Thuja,Plicata in Southwestern Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF DAVID KIMBERLY IMPER for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY presented on ty,.1/(980 Title: THE RELATION OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS TO GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA AND THUJA PLICATA IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: lkoLltcT B. Zobel Twelve plots at six sites in southwestern Oregon were studied to determine the degree to which various soil characteristics are related to the occurrence and growth of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Thu,la plicata. Soil profiles and vegetation were described in each plot, and measurements were made of insolation, soil and litter temperature, creek and groundwater characteristics, and litter accumulation. Growth was estimated by measurement of age, height, DBH, 10-year basal area increment, and foliage elongation between July, 1979, and January, 1980. In July and September, 1979, and January, 1980, mineral soils from the 0-10 cm level were analyzed for pH, moisture holding capacity, loss-on-ignition, and concentra- tions of nitrate, ammonium and total N. Nitrate and ammonium concentrations were also determined in stream and groundwater. In July and January, fine litter was analyzed for pH, nitrate and ammonium. On each sample date, soils and litter were incubated aerobically for five weeks at 28°C to determine their potentialfor ammonification and nitrification.Ammonium was added to some samples before incubation. Total N concentration was determined for individ- ual foliage samples (collected in September) in most plots; foliage and mineral soil samples were composited for each plot and analyzed for P, Ca, K and Mg concentrations.The various soil and other measurements were related to basal area increment by multiple regression analysis. -
Jaiswal Amit Et Al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61
Jaiswal Amit et al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 – 8407 Available online www.irjponline.com Review Article REVIEW / PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PLATYCLADUS ORIEANTALIS Jaiswal Amit1*, Kumar Abhinav1, Mishra Deepali2, Kasula Mastanaiah3 1Department Of Pharmacology, RKDF College Of Pharmacy,Bhopal, (M.P.)India 2Department Of Pharmacy, Sir Madanlal Institute Of Pharmacy,Etawah (U.P.)India 3 Department Of Pharmacology, The Erode College Of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India Article Received on: 11/09/11 Revised on: 23/10/11 Approved for publication: 10/11/11 *Email: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Platycladus orientalis, also known as Chinese Arborvitae or Biota. It is native to northwestern China and widely naturalized elsewhere in Asia east to Korea and Japan, south to northern India, and west to northern Iran. It is a small, slow growing tree, to 15-20 m tall and 0.5 m trunk diameter (exceptionally to 30 m tall and 2 m diameter in very old trees). The different parts of the plant are traditionally used as a diuretic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anthelmintic. However, not many pharmacological reports are available on this important plant product. This review gives a detailed account of the chemical constituents and also reports on the pharmacological activity activities of the oil and extracts of Platycladus orientalis. Keywords: Dry distillation, Phytochemisty, Pharmacological activity, Platycladus orientalis. INTRODUCTION cultivated in Europe since the first half of the 18th century. In cooler Botanical Name : Platycladus orientalis. areas of tropical Africa it has been planted primarily as an Family: Cupressaceae. -
Behavioral Responses of American Black Bears to Reduced Natural Foods: Home Range Size and Seasonal Migrations
BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF AMERICAN BLACK BEARS TO REDUCED NATURAL FOODS: HOME RANGE SIZE AND SEASONAL MIGRATIONS Spencer J. Rettler1, David L. Garshelis, Andrew N. Tri, John Fieberg1, Mark A. Ditmer2 and James Forester1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Chippewa National Forest demonstrated appreciable fat reserves and stable reproduction despite a substantial decline in natural food availability over a 30-year period. Here we investigated potential strategies that bears may have employed to adapt to this reduction in food. We hypothesized that bears increased their home range sizes to encompass more food and/or increased the frequency, duration and distance of large seasonal migrations to seek out more abundant food resources. We estimated home range sizes using both Minimum Convex Polygon and Kernel Density Estimate approaches and developed a method to identify seasonal migrations. Male home range sizes in the 2010s were approximately twice the size of those in the 1980s; whereas, female home ranges tripled in size from the 1980s to the 2010s. We found little difference in migration patterns with only slight changes to duration. Our results supported our hypothesis that home range size increased in response to declining foods, which may explain why body condition and reproduction has not changed. However, these increased movements, in conjunction with bears potentially consuming more human-related foods in the fall, may alter harvest vulnerability, and should be considered when managing the bear hunt. INTRODUCTION As a large generalist omnivore, American black bears (Ursus americanus; henceforth black bear or bear) demonstrate exceptional plasticity in response to changes in food availability. -
Native Trees of Georgia
1 NATIVE TREES OF GEORGIA By G. Norman Bishop Professor of Forestry George Foster Peabody School of Forestry University of Georgia Currently Named Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources University of Georgia GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION Eleventh Printing - 2001 Revised Edition 2 FOREWARD This manual has been prepared in an effort to give to those interested in the trees of Georgia a means by which they may gain a more intimate knowledge of the tree species. Of about 250 species native to the state, only 92 are described here. These were chosen for their commercial importance, distribution over the state or because of some unusual characteristic. Since the manual is intended primarily for the use of the layman, technical terms have been omitted wherever possible; however, the scientific names of the trees and the families to which they belong, have been included. It might be explained that the species are grouped by families, the name of each occurring at the top of the page over the name of the first member of that family. Also, there is included in the text, a subdivision entitled KEY CHARACTERISTICS, the purpose of which is to give the reader, all in one group, the most outstanding features whereby he may more easily recognize the tree. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to the Houghton Mifflin Company, publishers of Sargent’s Manual of the Trees of North America, for permission to use the cuts of all trees appearing in this manual; to B. R. Stogsdill for assistance in arranging the material; to W. -
Non-Native Trees and Large Shrubs for the Washington, D.C. Area
Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring NON - NATIVE TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS FOR THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA Non-native trees are some of the most beloved plants in the landscape due to their beauty. In addition, these trees are grown for the shade, screening, structure, and landscape benefits they provide. Deciduous trees, whose leaves die and fall off in the autumn, are valuable additions to landscapes because of their changing interest throughout the year. Evergreen trees are valued for their year-round beauty and shelter for wildlife. Evergreens are often grouped into two categories, broadleaf evergreens and conifers. Broadleaf evergreens have broad, flat leaves. They also may have showy flowers, such as Camellia oleifera (a large shrub), or colorful fruits, such as Nellie R. Stevens holly. Coniferous evergreens either have needle-like foliage, such as the lacebark pine, or scale-like foliage, such as the green giant arborvitae. Conifers do not have true flowers or fruits but bear cones. Though most conifers are evergreen, exceptions exist. Dawn redwood, for example, loses its needles each fall. The following are useful definitions: Cultivar (cv.) - a cultivated variety designated by single quotes, such as ‘Autumn Gold’. A variety (var.) or subspecies (subsp.), in contrast, is found in nature and is a subdivision of a species (a variety of Cedar of Lebanon is listed). Full Shade - the amount of light under a dense deciduous tree canopy or beneath evergreens. Full Sun - at least 6 hours of sun daily. -
Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes
Ornamental Horticulture Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes Bob Cain, Extension Forest Entomologist One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) Description: One-seed juniper grows 20-30 feet high and is multistemmed. Its leaves are scalelike with finely toothed margins. One-seed cones are 1/4-1/2 inch long berrylike structures with a reddish brown to bluish hue. The cones or “berries” mature in one year and occur only on female trees. Male trees produce Alligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana) pollen and appear brown in the late winter and spring compared to female trees. Description: The alligator juniper can grow up to 65 feet tall, and may grow to 5 feet in diameter. It resembles the one-seed juniper with its 1/4-1/2 inch long, berrylike structures and typical juniper foliage. Its most distinguishing feature is its bark, which is divided into squares that resemble alligator skin. Other Characteristics: • Ranges throughout the semiarid regions of the southern two-thirds of New Mexico, southeastern and central Arizona, and south into Mexico. Other Characteristics: • An American Forestry Association Champion • Scattered distribution through the southern recently burned in Tonto National Forest, Arizona. Rockies (mostly Arizona and New Mexico) It was 29 feet 7 inches in circumference, 57 feet • Usually a bushy appearance tall, and had a 57-foot crown. • Likes semiarid, rocky slopes • If cut down, this juniper can sprout from the stump. Uses: Uses: • Birds use the berries of the one-seed juniper as a • Alligator juniper is valuable to wildlife, but has source of winter food, while wildlife browse its only localized commercial value. -
Case Study of Anatomy, Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Sapwood and Heartwood of Random Tree Platycladus Orientalis (L.) Franco from South-Eastern Poland
Article Case Study of Anatomy, Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Sapwood and Heartwood of Random Tree Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco from South-Eastern Poland Agnieszka Laskowska * , Karolina Majewska, Paweł Kozakiewicz , Mariusz Mami ´nskiand Grzegorz Bryk The Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (K.M.); [email protected] (P.K.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (G.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Oriental arborvitae is not fully characterized in terms of its microscopic structure or physical or mechanical properties. Moreover, there is a lot of contradictory information in the literature about oriental arborvitae, especially in terms of microscopic structure. Therefore, the sapwood (S) and heartwood (H) of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco from Central Europe were subjected to examinations. The presence of helical thickenings was found in earlywood tracheids (E). Latewood tracheids (L) were characterized by a similar thickness of radial and tangential walls and a similar diameter in the tangential direction in the sapwood and heartwood zones. In the case of earlywood tracheids, such a similarity was found only in the thickness of the tangential walls. The volume swelling (VS) of sapwood and heartwood after reaching maximum moisture content (MMC) was 12.8% (±0.5%) and 11.2% (±0.5%), respectively. The average velocity of ultrasonic Citation: Laskowska, A.; Majewska, waves along the fibers (υ) for a frequency of 40 kHz was about 6% lower in the heartwood zone K.; Kozakiewicz, P.; Mami´nski,M.; than in the sapwood zone. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOED) was about 8% lower in the Bryk, G. -
EASTERN REDCEDAR (Juniperus Virginiana) EXPANSION, EFFECTS, and CONTROL
EASTERN REDCEDAR (Juniperus virginiana) EXPANSION, EFFECTS, AND CONTROL A LITERATURE REVIEW FROM THE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE REGION OF THE CENTRAL U.S. Eastern redcedar burning, photo by Dirac Twidwell A collaborative product from the Great Plains Fire Science Exchange and Tallgrass Prairie and Oak Savanna Fire Science Consortium Written by: Tracy L. Hmielowski [email protected] Great Plains Pub # GPE 2014-17 Tallgrass Prairie Pub # TPOS LR02-2014 Page 1 of 14 Tallgrass prairie ecosystems in the United States are priorities for conservation of Key Points grassland communities. While much of the Changes in wildland fire regime have tallgrass prairie in the Great Plains and upper led to an expansion of eastern Midwest has been converted to cropland or redcedar in tallgrass prairie. other developments, some areas still support native prairie species (Samson and Knopf 1994). Increased eastern redcedar leads to Less than 4% of the original tallgrass prairie decreased herbaceous biodiversity, remains (Samson and Knopf 1994). In addition decreased forage production, and to the threats of expanding urban development increased Wildland Urban Interface and agriculture, many of these open grasslands concerns. are being invaded by woody species (Briggs et Prescribed fire is most effective for al. 2005). One tree species of concern in this controlling small trees, or change to woody dominance is eastern maintaining sites where eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana; hereafter cedar is not a problem; mechanical redcedar) a rapidly expanding evergreen treatments may be necessary for common throughout the eastern United States. In this document, we focus on the expansion of dealing with larger trees. redcedar (Fig. -
Juniperus Virginiana L.)
American Journal of Environmental Sciences 1 (2): 133-138, 2005 ISSN 1553-345X © 2005 Science Publications Production, Yield and Derivatives of Volatile Oils from Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus Virginiana L.) 1Elif Semen and 2Salim Hiziroglu 1Department of Forest Products Engineering, Faculty of Forestry Karaelmas University, Bartin 74100 Turkey 2Department of Forestry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK 74078-6013 Abstract: Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is one of the most widely distributed indigenous conifers in southern states including Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas. Eastern redcedar is also an important source of the volatile oils. This specie adversely influences the environment resulting in degrading grassland, displacement of native plant population and increasing wildlife hazard. Range- grown eastern redcedar has a poor quality. However, some mesic forested sites in Oklahoma produce trees suitable for lumber manufacture. Cedarwood oil has a significant commercial value in a broad range of applications from cold-remedy salves to room sprays and insecticides. Its extensive utilization in a broad range of products is attributable to its unique properties, such as its odor, repellency or toxicity to many pests, antibacterial, antifungal and antitermitic activities. Value-added oil based products from eastern redcedar can have a major economic incentive. It is important to evaluate recovery methods, processing and analysis of the composition as well as its yield. Therefore the objective of the article is to summarize findings of some of the past and current studies related above aspects of volatile oils from eastern redcedar. Key words: Volatile oils, eastern redcedar, derivatives, recovery methods, oil compositions INTRODUCTION Mississippi, Texas, Florida, Iowa and Oklahoma in scattered form.