DISCLOSURE INSIGHT ACTION
CDP AFRICA REPORT BENCHMARKING PROGRESS TOWARDS CLIMATE SAFE CITIES, STATES, AND REGIONS
MARCH 2020
With the kind support of CONTENTS
03 LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TAKING CLIMATE ACTION
04 AFRICAN CITIES: KEY FIGURES
06 CITIES IN AFRICA ARE FACING MAJOR THREATS AS A RESULT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
09 AFRICAN CITIES ARE TAKING ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
09 INVESTING IN A LOW CARBON, RESILIENT FUTURE
10 WATER INSECURITY: RISING TO THE CHALLENGE
11 DISCLOSURE DRIVES ACTION
Important Notice
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Africa accounts for the smallest share of global This year, CDP is working with 48 African cities greenhouse gas emissions, at just 3.8%, in contrast reporting their environmental data. These cities cover a to 23% in China, 19% in the US, and 13% in the total population of just over 150 million citizens, which European Union. Yet the continent is particularly is 31% of the urban African population. In total, 834 vulnerable to climate change, with extreme heat, cities representing approximately 17% of the global precipitation changes, aridity, sea level rise affecting urban population reported through the CDP-ICLEI water resources, agricultural production, ocean and unified reporting system in 2019. Of over 120 states savannah ecosystems, with coastal populations and and regions reporting globally, representing over 672 infrastructure highly vulnerable. million people and 21% of the global economy, 9 were located in Africa.
Cities reporting their environmental data to the CDP-ICLEI unified reporting system in 2019
Commune Ain Drahem Municipalité de Rabat Municipality of La Marsa
Le Grand Casablanca City of Cairo
Commune de Tsévié
City of Ibadan Commune de Ouagadougou
Abuja Federal Ville de Dakar Commune de Bakata Capital Territory
City of Ziguinchor Ville de Foumban Commune de Bouaké Addis Ababa City Administration Commune de Commune de Bangangté City of Nakuru Dioudoubou City of Nairobi Freetown City City of Kisumu City of Monrovia Yaoundé 3 Jinja Municipal Council Arusha City Council City of Abidjan Ville de Douala Yaoundé 4 Kampala City Morogoro Municipal Council Commune de Cocody City of Yaoundé 6 La Mairie de Bujumbura City of Dar es Salaam City of Grand-Bassam Ville de Kananga City of Lagos Mwanza City Mazabuka Municipal Council Mocímboa da Praia Accra Metropolitan Assembly Council
Municipality Pemba Municipality Kasama Municipal Council of Nacala Lubumbashi Moroni City Lilongwe City Council Municipality of Nacala Municipality of Ilha de Mozambique Ville de Kinshasa Quelimane Municipal Council City of Harare City of Windhoek Antananarivo Masvingo City of Tshwane Walvis Bay Municipality Vhembe District Municipality Pretoria – Tshwane Sekhukhune District Municipality Steve Tshwete Mogale City Local Municipality Cidade de Maputo Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality City of Johannesburg Umhlathuze Emfuleni Local Municipality West Coast District Municipality KwaDukuza City of Cape Town City of Durban City of Pietermaritzburg Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Ugu District Municipality
03 Actions at a AFRICAN CITIES: Glance KEY FIGURES Cities reporting sustainability targets: In 2019, 48 African cities reported their environmental data through the CDP-ICLEI unified reporting system, and are actively In Progress measuring and managing climate change risks and hazards. Responding cities are taking meaningful action to adapt to climate change and to plan for a climate resilient future, but there is a need 5 for additional resources, streamlined data collection processes, Sustainability and peer to peer learning/collaboration. With emissions profiles Target across the continent representing a relatively small share of global emissions, African cities must position themselves to invest in low-carbon and sustainable development, while working 35 to address the current and predicted impacts of climate hazards. No Target 62% of African cities reporting their environmental 8 data have vulnerability assessments. A high-quality vulnerability assessment is key to understanding and managing climate change risks and hazards and preparing for a resilient future. Cities with vulnerability assessments are This year, CDP is more than twice (2.7x) as likely to report long-term hazards, and working with: are taking almost 6 times (5.7x) the amount of adaption actions compared to those cities that have not conducted vulnerability assessments.
77% of African cities reporting currently have 48 sustainability targets included in city master planning, African cities with an additional 13% reporting targets in progress. reporting their These include, but are not limited to: adaptation, emissions environmental reduction, waste management, energy efficiency, renewable data energy, and water security. Adaptation targets are by far the most common type of target.
Yet cities are still facing challenges. These cities cover Challenges identified included the lack of information a total population sharing between different levels of government or different of just over agencies, as well as the lack of resources to undertake risk and vulnerability assessments, adaptation plans, or 150 emissions inventories. million citizens
Which is 31% of the urban African population
04 11 12 12 cities have an cities have cities have a energy efficiency a renewable water security target energy target strategy
15 16 20 cities have a cities have a cities have city-wide waste an emissions inventory reduction reduction target target
25 30 40 cities have an cities have cities have adaptation plan completed a climate action vulnerability commitments assessment
05 CITIES IN AFRICA ARE FACING MAJOR THREATS AS A RESULT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
98% of cities reporting to CDP identified climate hazards, and 92% identified social risks. The most common threats reported were flood and sea levels rising, extreme temperatures, biological hazards, water scarcity, and extreme precipitation.
Most significant hazards reported 16 24 32 cities reporting cities reporting cities reporting 29 biological 25 water scarcity 55 hazards – hazards (drought) hazards Flood and sea level rise
22 19 cities reporting cities reporting 33 extreme 21 extreme temperature precipitation hazards hazards
06 Most commonly reported hazards
Drought Flash/surface floods 25 18 hazards hazards
Extreme precipitation/ Extreme hot temperature/ rain storm hot days 18 18 hazards hazards
Extreme hot temperature/ heat wave 15 hazards
Photo by redcharlie on Unsplash 07 Photo by Matthieu Joannon on Unsplash 08 AFRICAN CITIES ARE TAKING ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Cities are taking a total of 153 adaptation actions
African cities are responding to climate change risks and hazards through a variety of adaptation actions. The most common is community engagement, which is crucial for including vulnerable populations in decision-making processes. Cities are also conducting flood mapping, planting trees, incorporating climate change into longer term planning, and taking disease prevention measures. Some cities have deployed crisis management and warning and evacuation systems, and others are restricting development in at risk areas. Access to basic services, poverty, infrastructural capacity/conditions, and access to relevant data and budgetary resources are the main challenges for cities with adaptation needs.
Most common adaptation actions
8 cities taking Community engagement 13 actions
11 cities taking Flood mapping 11 actions
9 cities taking Tree planting 11 actions
Incorporating climate change into 9 cities taking long-term planning documents 11 actions
Restricting development 4 cities taking in at risk areas 10 actions
Photo by Matthieu Joannon on Unsplash 09 Adapting to climate hazards
Vector-borne disease
Water-borne disease Insect infestation
Extreme hot temperature
Extreme precipitation
Chemical change
Flood and sea level rise
Storm and wind
Drought
Landslide Forest fire
10 Disease prevention measures Testing/vaccination programmes Biodiversity monitoring Heat mapping/thermal imaging Cooling systems No action currently taken Making buildings resilient
Community engagement
Improve water supply distribution
Tree planting/creating green space
Long-term planning
Flood mapping
Policies for the most vulnerable Real time risk monitoring Flood defences
Warning/evacuation systems Sea level rise modelling Nature based solutions for water Hazard resistant infratructure
Water conservation/capture
Restrict development in risk areas
Other Landslide risk mapping Promoting water efficiency Diversified water supply
11 Cities are taking a total of 86 mitigation actions
City-wide emissions
30,000,000 e) 2 25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000 Total emissions (metric tonnes C emissions (metric tonnes Total
KwaDukuza Moroni City City of Lagos Kampala City City of Durban Steve Tshwete City of Tshwane City of Cape Town Blantyre City Council City of Johannesburg Commune de Cocody Minicipality of Nacala
Accra Metropolitan University
Cities are tackling waste through a number of innovative mitigating emissions from private transport, providing measures, a welcome step given that the potential for low or zero carbon energy supply, installing LED GHG mitigation is significant.2 2 They2 are3 also3 investing4 outdoor6 lighting,8 providing8 on-site renewable energy, in public transport and energy efficiency, focusing on and undertaking community-scale development.
Most common mitigation actions
Buildings / energy efficiency / retrofit measures 8 cities are taking 12 mitigation actions Waste management 8 cities are taking 19 19 mitigation actions 12 Mass transit 12 8 cities are taking 12 mitigation actions Reducing private 11 transport emissions 5 cities are taking 11 mitigation actions
12 INVESTING IN A LOW CARBON, RESILIENT FUTURE
42 Cities in Africa identified a total of 142 opportunities billion US dollars in total global climate finance in for investment in low carbon, resilient infrastructure 2018, only 14 billion was spent in Sub-Saharan Africa. projects. However, there remains a significant gap Challenges in obtaining finance remain a pressing in financing for climate change mitigation and concern for cities with low resources. adaptation projects in Africa. Of a cumulative 546
Of a cumulative Opportunities for investment 546 billion 18 US dollars in opportunities 16 were opportunities 13 14 total global identified were opportunities opportunities by 1 cities identified were climate finance were in the by 16 cities identified identified evelopment in the by 14 cities in in 2018, only by 12 cities in of waste evelopment increase eveloping management of climate attention to 14 billion energy / recycling change other efficiency was spent in businesses resiliency environmental measures an projects concerns Sub-Saharan technology Africa.
13 STATES AND REGIONS AT RISK
8 out of 9 states and regions in Africa reporting to CDP said their States and regions reporting their regions faced socio-economic risks as a result of climate change, environmental data via the CDP-ICLEI and 7 said they considered the impacts of climate change to be unified reporting system in 2019: a threat to business operations. 7 of the 9 reporting states and regions work with local and national governments on regional Country Region adaptation strategies and national adaptation plans. 6 states and regions identified substantive risks to their water security in the Burkina Faso Centre Nord short, medium, or long term. Despite multiple global initiatives to Morocco Chefchaouen encourage sub-national action underway, much work needs to be done to increase regional environmental disclosure and action. Nigeria Cross River State In 2019, 124 states and regions across the world reported their Réuniono La Reunion environmental data to CDP. Senegal Gossas • States and regions are undertaking a total of 34 adaptation Senegal Saint Louis actions, ranging from crisis management to incorporating change into long term planning and biodiversity monitoring. South Africa KwaZulu-Natal
• States and regions identified a total of 46 opportunities, South Africa Limpopo including the development of energy efficiency measures and South Africa Western Cape technologies, sustainable businesses in the food, construction, clean technology, and transportation sectors, and growth in the tourism sector.
Water insecurity: rising to the challenge Western Cape, South Africa During the 2015-2018 drought in the Western Cape, alternative water supply sources were investigated and are currently being developed, including desalination of seawater and groundwater extraction. Western Cape is forecasted to experience more intense droughts as a result of climate change, and is undertaking various other initiatives, such as awareness campaigns to reduce water use, promoting water efficiency in homes and businesses, and promoting water butts and rainwater capture. Centre Nord, Burkina Faso The Centre-Nord region is tackling the issue of climate change at the political level through a ministry of change issues and conscientious work around climate change adaptation. Efforts are being made at both political and household/citizen level to adapt to frequent droughts. Centre Nord is distributing appropriate seeds to vulnerable communities, subsidizing equipment annually, and promoting adaptative technologies, like specialized irrigation facilities in fields.
Photo by Clodagh Da Paixao on Unsplash 14 DISCLOSURE DRIVES ACTION
All cities, states, and regions reporting in Africa do so publicly, so transparency is high, but an increase in the number of cities, states, and regions reporting would help us to fully understand climate change risks and responses on the continent. Cities, states, and regions across the world are undertaking ambitious actions to address the effects of climate change and paving the way for a low carbon, water secure and deforestation free future. Disclosure is the first step towards climate action – with cities, states and regions cutting emissions, adapting to climate risks and driving the transition to a climate safe/climate resilient future. By compiling and reporting their environmental data, African cities, states, and regions can understand their vulnerability to climate change, access peer learning resources, best practice cases, and expert knowledge on climate action, enabling them to build a safe and secure/climate safe/climate resilient future for their citizens.
Cities interested in understanding and managing their climate risk can find additional information on www.cdp.net/en/cities. State and regional governments can find information on www.cdp.net/en/ cities/states-and-regions. Cities, states, and regions can take the first step towards disclosure by emailing [email protected].
Photo by Anqi Lu on Unsplash 15 DISCLOSURE INSIGHT ACTION
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Aditi Surie von Czechowski [email protected] Steven Tebbe Engagement Officer, Africa Managing Director aditi.surie@cdp.net PA: [email protected] Supply Chain & Reporter Services CDP Worldwide (Europe) gGmbH Policy Engagement c/o WeWork Kate Redington Potsdamer Platz-Kemperplatz 1 Mirjam Wolfrum Associate Director 10785 Berlin Director Corporate Development www.cdp.net
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