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Reassessment of the Algerian Eocene Hyracoid Microhyrax : Consequences on the Early Diversity and Basal Phylogeny of the Order Hyracoidea (Mammalia)

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Reassessment of the Algerian Eocene Hyracoid Microhyrax : Consequences on the Early Diversity and Basal Phylogeny of the Order Hyracoidea (Mammalia) Reassessment of the Algerian Eocene Hyracoid Microhyrax : consequences on the early diversity and basal phylogeny of the Order Hyracoidea (Mammalia) Autor(en): Tabuce, Rodolphe / Mahboubi, Mohamed / Sudre, Jean Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Band (Jahr): 94 (2001) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-168910 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. 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Basel. 2001 Reassessment of the Algerian Eocene Hyracoid Microhyrax. Consequences on the early diversity and basal phylogeny of the Order Hyracoidea (Mammalia) Rodolphe Tabuce1, Mohamed Mahboubi2 & Jean Sudre3 Keywords: Hyracoidea. Phylogeny. Diversity. Early Eocene. Algeria ABSTRACT RESUME The Eocene hyracoid Microhyrax lavocati Sudre. 1979 from L'hyracoide Microhyrax lavocati Sudre. 1979 de l'Eocène du the Algerian Sahara was until now documented only by lower Sahara Algérien était jusqu'à présent connu par ses seules molars. The discovery of an upper molar led us to reinterpret molaires inférieures. La découverte d'une molaire supérieure the phylogenetic status of this genus. Microhyrax is very peculiar nous permet de réinterpréter le statut phylogénétique de ce by its mosaic of primitive and derived characters, and it genre. Microhyrax est singulier par une mosaïque de caractères shares synapomorphies with both Paleogene sub-families, the primitifs et dérivés, il partage des synapomorphies avec Geniohyinae and Saghatheriinae. In the same way. a cladistic les deux sous-familles du Paléogène, les Geniohyinae et les analysis including all Paleogene taxa suggests that Microhyrax Saghatheriinae. Une analyse cladistique. incluant l'ensemble might be the sister-group of these two main groups. In addition des hyracoïdes paléogènes, suggère effectivement que Microhyrax our analysis advocates that all Oligocene hyracoid lineages are est le groupe-frère de ces deux sous-familles. Notre analyse already present during the Eocene. Therefore, we can consider soutient par ailleurs que l'ensemble des lignées oligocènes Microhyrax as a representative of the first hyracoid radiation sont déjà présentes dans l'Eocène: ainsi Microhyrax est considéré that begins, at least, during the earliest Eocene. ici comme un représentant de la première radiation des hyracoïdes. événement ayant eu lieu au plus tard à la base de l'Eocène inférieur. Introduction Primitive species of the Fayum genera are recorded in the Living hyracoids are poorly diversified with only three genera localities of Chambi in Tunisia and Bir El Ater in Algeria. Court restricted to Africa and Middle East. In contrast, during the & Hartenberger (1992) and Tabuce et al. (2000) have Paleogene, hyracoids represent the most abundant and diverse described, respectively, a small species of Titanohyrax from the group of terrestrial ungulates in Africa. At least eleven genera Early-Middle Eocene of Chambi, and a small Bunohyrax in and twenty-nine species are known from Eocene and the Middle-Late Eocene of Bir El Ater. Two other Algerian Oligocene localities in North Africa (Pickford et al. 1997). In sites, assumed to be Early to Middle Eocene in age, have also the Fayum Depression (Egypt). Eocene-Oligocene levels of yielded hyraxes. From El Kohol, Seggeurius is regarded today the Jebel Qatrani and. especially the Quarry L-41. have yielded as the most primitive hyracoid (Court & Mahboubi 1993). several hundreds of hyrax specimens, including teeth, jaws, Finally, from the Glib Zegdou and Gour Lazib localities (Algerian skulls and other skeletal elements (Rasmussen & Simons Sahara) (Fig.lA). Sudre (1979) pointed out the greatest 1991 Apart from these deposits, data on Paleogene hyracoids diversity of Eocene forms. He attributed three new species to are extremely scarce, since only four sites in Algeria and the Oligocene genera, and he described also Microhyrax lavocati. Tunisia have yielded Eocene taxa. the smallest known hyrax. 1 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier. Laboratoire de paléontologie. UMR 5554 du CNRS. Université Montpellier II. case courier 064. 34095 Montpellier cedex 5. France. E-mail: rtabucel? isem.univ-montp2.fr : Institut des Sciences de la Terre. Université d'Oran. B.P. El M'naouer. Oran. Algérie 3 EPHE. Laboratoire de paléontologie. UMR 5554 CNRS-Université Montpellier IL case courier 064. 34095 Montpellier cedex 5. France Microhyrax and the basal phylogeny of the Order Hyracoidea 537 Morocco > Zea Oour Lazib Glib Zegdou * T^Algeria Hammada du Dra Algeria -10 Km Tertiary and Quaternary Paleozoic Cretaceous B Glib Zegdou Gour Lazib Level F with micromammals cf. M. Invocati) (Microhyrax Locus 2 with the mandible Fig. 1. A- Index map of Algeria and generalized of M. lavocati geological map of the northern part of the 4 Hammada du Dra »ith the locations of the dour Lazib and Glib Zegdou outcrops. B- Correlations of the continental Eocene deposits of Glib Zegdou and Gour Lazib with the level with Iiliinohviux locations of the fossiliferous layers. The mandible — ^TT of Microhyrax lavocati was discovered in the locus 2 Lazib with 4in 10m of Gour another hyracoid. Megalohyrax gevini (Sudre 1979). More recently, in the South flank of Glib Zegdou. Mahboubi (1995) discovered a faune with an molar of Limestone :° :o :° Conglomerate ?==¦ Marl upper :° ;° "-P lâ^^ (a: gypsiferous) Microhyrax. This layer has also yielded primitive rodents (Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994). primates -zßZFr (Godinot & Mahboubi 1992. 1994). and other Sandstone Silt ---iàZ" (a: gypsiferous) new taxa under study. Microhyrax was originally described from a single lower jaw Systematic- with the distal part of p2 and p.3-m3. This fossil shares several Order Hyracoidea Huxley. 1869 characters with the two Paleogene hyracoid sub-families: Family indet. according to Sudre (1979). Microhyrax exhibits primitive traits Genus Microhyrax Sudre. 1979 observed in the Geniohyinae. but Rasmussen (1989) also notes similarities with the derived Saghatheriinae of the Fayum. More recently, an upper molar attributed to Microhyrax was Revised diagnosis: minute sized hyracoid with slender found by one of us (M.M.) in Glib Zegdou. In order to clarify mandible; relatively simple elongated premolars with the the phyletic relationships of Microhyrax, this new specimen and protoconid far mesially placed, the metaconid is individualized, the lower jaw fragment are included in a phylogenetic analysis and the talonid bears a simple hypoconid. The brachyodont that concerned all Paleogene hyracoids at generic level. lower molars are buno-lophodont (especially the m3): 538 R. Tabuce. M. Mahboubi & .1. Sudre ^^ »s\- *•. * 1 cm Fig. 2. A. Left M3 of Microhyrax cf. M. lavocati in occlusal view (GZC-36): B. Right mandibular ramus of Microhyrax lavocati Sudre. 1979 with s^r— K p3-m3. the distal part of p2 and the socket of pl È z (holotype. GL2-2) in lingual view: and C. occlusal Û view of p3-m3 (holotype. GL2-2). the paraconid is lacking and the paracristid is short; the pressed. There is no buccal cingulum. the expanded paracône protocristid. as the hypocristid. are low. but the buccal and forms the edge of the crown, and the metacone is mesiodistally lingual cusps are clearly connected and not separated by a compressed and lower than the paracône. The mesial cingulum deep furrow; the cristid obliqua is connected with the is strong and linked with the parastyle, but the preprotocrista protocristid between the metaconid and the protoconid. The m2 is not connected with this cingulum. The protocone is is clearly longer than the ml, and the m3 bears a well-developed posteriorly displaced with respect to the paracône, the third lobe. The upper molar is characterized by a weakly postprotocrista is distally directed towards the hypocone. and the W-shaped ectoloph. the parastyle and the mesostyle are preprotocrista bears a paraconular swelling. This crest is small, the metastyle and the postmetacrista are lacking; the longer than the prehypocrista that curves in front of the mesial preprotocrista which bears a paraconular swelling is not base of the metacone. The hypocone is higher than the protocone linked with the parastyle. and the hypocone is higher than and it is situated somewhat opposite of the metacone.
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