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Diwan Mul Raj

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Diwan Mul Raj TRIAL O F, DIWAN MUL RAJ iidited with notes and inttcducticn BY S1TA RAM KOHLI, M.A., Deputy Keeper of Records of the Government, Punjab, ■ ( ■WT2?- •*s. si '&* , PUNJAB GOVERNMENT RECORD OFFICE Hi**** MONOGRAPH No. 14. LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT PUNJAB 1 9 7 1 TRIAL OF DIWAN MUL RAJ lldited with notes and inti c due tie n BY SITA RAM KOHLl, M.A., Deputy Keeper of Records of the Government, Punjab, PUNJAB GOVERNMENT RECORD OFFICE MONOGRAPH No. 14. LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, PUNJAB 1 9 7 ] Repi educed By Director, Languages Department Punjab, Through Deputy Controller, Printing & Stationery Department Punjab, Patiala. Reprinted February, 1971 Price: Rs 5'lo Printed ae Offset Master Printers 6/8, Industrial Area, Kirn Nagar. New Delhi-15, Publisher’s Note It may look unprogressive to bring out another reprint of a book which was first published as far back as the later years of the nineteenth century. It is possible that lot of further research .might have taken place in this subject duriog the succeeding years, yet these works maintain their own reference value. The idea behind the present venture is 10 make available these rare works to most libraries and readers The British and other Western scholars rendered great service to this land and their works still have great bearing on the Language, Culture and History of the Punjab. The Languages Department has planned to bring out reprints of the most valuable works; including the present one, for the benefit of most readers, scholars and research workers. LAL SINGH Director Patiala Languages Department i February, 1971 Punjab. i ■A.. >&» ,* r AuL f. s tL CONTENTS. Page. Foreword i Preface i—ii Introduction 1 Table of dates 25 List of witnesses 27 The Trial .. 28 .Mr. Loring Bowring’s Speech for the Prosecution 29 E vidence for the P rosecution. 3lst May (Thursday) —12th June (Tuesday). Sadiq Muhammad 88 Qutb Shah 41 Asad Ullah .. 54 Wazir Ali Khan 66 Bansi Dhar .. 71 Ilahi Bakhsh 80 Karam Ilahi 85 Ghulam Husain 88 'Ghulam Mustafa 92 Khunjan Singh 96 Mr. John Lawrence 99 Evidence for the Defence. 13th June (Wednesday)— 18th June (Monday). Tulsi Ram .. v 108 Ram Rang .. 118 Budhu Mai .. 124 Sham Singh 128 .Mohkam Chand 180 Asa Nand 133 Asu 134 Godha Misar 137 Jasu 138 Ijaz Husain 141 Captain Hamilton’s Speech for the Defence, June *21 st 143 Mr. Loring Bowring’s reply—June 2*2nd 169 The Sentence—June 22nd 174 The grounds of the Court’s Judgment it. 1] APPENDICES. (A) Proceedings of the Special Military Commission, Multan, for the trial of Godar Singh (B) Statement of Wazir Ali and abstract o the evidence taken before the Special Military Commission, Multan, relevant to the case of Mul Raj .. .. ix (C) Deposition of Qutb Shah .. .. .. xx (D) Letter of Mr. Agnew to Lt. Herbert Edwardes .. xxvi (E) Manifesto of Kalian Singh’s troops .. .. xxvii (F) Mul Raj’s letter of submission .. .. .. xxix (G) Rules regulating the attendance of visitors to the ^ mrf during the trial .. .. .. xxx Glossary .. ., .. .. xxxi Bibliography .. .. .. .. xxxiv FOREWORD. T h e trial of Diwan Mul Raj is one of the most important State trials in the history of Northern India. Unfortunately the original English record of the proceedings disappeared in a my >• terious manner many years ago. But, as the editor explains, he was. lucky enough to come across other English versions, and thes^, together with the vernacular records of the trial and other relevant documents preserved in the Punjab Record Office, have formed the basis of his material. Lala Sita Ram Kohli has annotated where necessary, and the form he has followed is that employed in the Series of Notable British Trials. The case as a case presents no remarkable features. Its importance lies in the subsequent result produced by the crime. H. L. 0. GARRETT, Keeper of the Records of the Govern>nent of the Punjab. Lahore, June 1932. V. Reproduced from, Major Dunlop's * Multan M u l R a j surrendering himself, J a n . 22nd, 1849. PREFACE. S o m e twelve years back, while engaged in sorting, arranging and cataloguing the records of the Sikh Government, preserved in the archives of the Punjab Civil Secretariat, I happened to come across a vernacular file mixed up in a heap of miscellaneous papers. On examination it was found to contain a verbatim report of the evidence recorded during the trial of Diwan Mul Raj, Governor of Multan. The report is duly signed and attested by Mr. C. G. Mansel, President of the Commission appointed to try the case. The original English copy of the proceedings, con­ taining the addresses of the Prosecution and the Defence counsel, the grounds of the judgment, together with the English translation of the evidence were, unfortunately, nnssing. Nor did I succeed in tracing these papers amongst thejpiaicial records of the Lahore High Court. L u ck ilyh ew everT m the Imperial Library at Calcutta, I found a printed copy of the English proceedings entitled “ Trial of Mool Raj, formerly Nazim of Multan, printed at the Delhi Gazette Press by Kunniah Lall.” The booklet bears no date and seems to be rare.* On comparison with the ver­ nacular attested proceedings, I found that it was an almost correct and faithful translation of the evidence as recorded in the original vernacular file. It contained, in addition, the evidence of Mr. (Sir) John Lawrence, the addresses of the Prosecution and Defence counsel and the grounds of the judgment of the Court. Somewhat later, I was fortunate to discover a copy of an old file of the Journal of the “ Indian News and Chronicle of Eastern Affairs. London,” from November 1848 to April 1850. The journal records the verbatim reports of the proceedings of th§ trial. It need scarcely be mentioned that I found the journal of immense help for purposes of collation and comparison, f A couple of other important documents 'relating to the case but not given in the printed proceedings, which I discovered in the Record Office, have been appended at the end of the book. A careful comparison of the original vernacular record with its English translation revealed a few discrepancies, but they were not of any material importance to the case. Such as they are, I have pointed them * Sir Edward Madagan made use of it in writing his chapter on the history of Multan in the Multan District Gazetteer (1901*02). t Vide, pages 329—31, 355-56, 406— 10 and 453 -56. It may als V he stated here that the reports in the * Indian News, London,” first appeared in contemporary papers in India such as The Bombay Times, The Delhi Qazette, The Mojfusealiie, etc.,eto., and were then repro­ duced in the London Jourr ' 1 11 out in foot-notes along with some historical and explanatory notes. A glossary of Indian terms and expressions occurring in the proceedings will also be found at. the end of the book. The trial of Mul Raj possesses a certain historical interest, and a collection of all the papers and documents connected with it may not be unwelcome to the student of the original records of the transitional period when the old Sikh regime was being replaced by British rule. It sets forth the circumstances under which the outbreak at Multan took place in April 1848, how the revolt of Mul Raj developed into the second Sikh War, and how, eventually, it led to the absorption of the Sikh kingdom into the British Empire in India. I recall with gratitude the fact that I owe the incentive to edit this publication to Sir John Thompson. I, therefore, take this opportunity of offering my sincere thanks to him on the completion of the work. I must also express my indebtedness to Mr. H. L. 0. Garrett, M.A., I.E.S., Keeper of Records, for having given me permission to use the official papers in the Record Office as well as for useful suggestions ; also to Professor J. F. Bruce, M.A., University Professor of History, for general advice given to me in the course of the preparation of this work. My grateful acknowledgments are also due to Mr. Bodh Raj ttahni, B.A., LL.B. (Cantab), Bar.-at-Law, for his valuable help in dealing with the legal part of the trial. I cannot also omit to mention the name of Diwan Khem Chand, Bar.-at-Law, for kindly going through portions of the vernacular evidence with me and comparing it with the English translation. I am indebted to Mr. T. Tyson, Superintendent, Government Printing, for his kind interest in the book while it was passing through the Press ; also to Shaikh Muhammad Husain, General Foreman. Nor should I forget to thank Lala Chuni Lai, Clearing Officer, who spared no pains in checking the proofs and in several places making helpful suggestions. R ecord Offic e, SITA RAM KOHLI, L ahore : Deputy Keeper of the Records May 1931. of the Punjab Government. DIWAN MUL RAJ. INTRODUCTION. Conquest of Multan by Ranjit Singh.— As is well-known, Maha­ raja Ranjit Singh conquered and annexed Multan to his expanding kingdom of Lahore in 1818. The province was, however, not quite happy in the choice of its governors during the early years of the new regime. The administration changed hands quickly, as many as five governors holding office in succession to one an­ other within the short period of four years. On the removal of the last governor, Badan Hazari, in 1821, Diwan Sawan Mai was installed in the government of Multan and retained thi3 charge for twenty-four years till his death in 1844.
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