Index

INDEX

A Alkalis and acids and irritant contact dermatitis, 132 Abdomen Allen, Alfred M., 5, 112, 396, 425 and contact dermatitis, 136 Allergic contact dermatitis, 113-131 Achiya, Michihiko, 70, 71 and cashew, 118-119 Acids and clothing, 129-130 See Alkalis and acids and fragrances, 131 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and ginkgo, 119-120 and atypical mycobacterial , 404, 417 and Gluta, 120 and cryptococcosis, 481 and India marking nut tree, 117 and genital herpes , 531 and Japanese lacquer tree, 117-118 and , 352 and mango, 118 and molluscum contagiosum, 580-581 and metals, 125-128 and secondary , 503 and miscellaneous sensitizers, 131 and , 376, 377, 379 and plants, 113-114 See also Immunocompromised patients geographical distribution, 120-123 , 33 and poison ivy and poison oak, 114-117 clinical manifestations, 33 and poison sumac, 117 etiology, 33 and preservatives, 130-131 treatment, 33 and rubber compounds, 129 Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, 311 and shoes, 128-129 , 483-485 and sunscreens, 125 Africa and topical drugs, 123-125 and dracunculiasis, 279 See also Atopic dermatitis; Contact dermatitis; Irritant and filariasis, 274 contact dermatitis and histoplasmosis, 457 Almeida, Louis, 323 and loiasis, 276 Altman, J., 562 and , 522 Amebiasis, 268-269 and mycetoma, 476 clinical manifestations, 269-269 and onchocerciasis, 277, 278 diagnosis, 269 and schistosomiasis, 281 treatment, 269 and streptocerciasis, 279 Amenhotep II, 321 African trypanosomiasis, 266-268 American Dermatologic Association, 464 clinical manifestations, 267 American Revolution diagnosis, 267 and cold injuries, 22 treatment, 267-268 and shoes, 56 Afzelius, A., 309 Americas Age differences and allergenic, indigenous plants, 120-122 and , 298 and filariasis, 274 and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 220 and onchocerciasis, 277 AIDS and schistosomiasis, 281 See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and , 300 Albrecht, 305 Amherst, 71 Alexander the Great, 321 Anacardiaceae, 113-114, 117 Alexander, W., 584 Anesthesia Algorithms for surgery on cutaneous trauma, 150 for diagnosing , 14 , hereditary, 570 for diagnosing changing growths, 15 Animal bites for diagnosing deep fungal diseases, 455 arachnids, 170-178 for diagnosing genital ulcer disease, 496 arthropods, 159 for diagnosing and isolating atypical mycobacteria, 402 and bacterial contamination, 149 for diagnosing macular , 17 cats and dogs, 180 for diagnosing new growths, 15 centipedes and millipedes, 160 for diagnosing pruritic, inflamed papules, 18 insects, 160-170 for diagnosing pustular lesions, 13 reptiles, 179-180 for diagnosing scaling papules, plaques, and patches, 16 Animal hookworm, 272 for diagnosing and treating Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Annelids, 269 225 See also Helminthic infections for diagnosing vesicles and bullae, 14 Annular lesion, 12 for treating dermatophyte infections, 436 Ansamycins for treating reactional states in leprosy, 349 and leprosy, 346 Alimentary toxic aleukia, 87

599 Military Dermatology

See also Drugs and , 234 Anthralin and tick paralysis, 189 in treatment of psoriasis, 559 Avicenna, 324 Anthrax in biological warfare, 82-84 Azithromycin clinical findings, 83 for , 518 cutaneous findings, 83 diagnosis, 83-84 B military significance, 84 prophylaxis, 84 Bacille bilié de Calmette-Guérin (BCG), 351, 363 treatment, 84 Bacillus anthracis, 82 Antibiotics Bacterial index and contact dermatitis, 138 and leprosy, 332 Antigen detection Bacterial skin infections of genital herpes, 529-530 and heat and humidity, 46 Arabian peninsula Baillie, 357 and schistosomiasis, 281 Baldwin, E.R., 356 See also Middle East “Balkan grippe,” 238 Arachnids, 170-178 Balsam of Peru mites and ticks, 185-190 and allergic contact dermatitis, 131 nonscabietic mites, 173-174 Bamboo Book, 322 scabietic mites, 172-173 Bancroft, J., 189, 198 scorpions, 174-175 Bancroftian filariasis, 274-275 spiders, 175-178 clinical manifestations, 274-275 ticks, 170-171 diagnosis, 275 Arenaviridae-caused hemorrhagic fevers, 205-207 treatment, 275 Aretaeus, 322, 357 Barrett, O., Jr., 356 Argentine hemorrhagic fever, 206-207 Baumgarten, 358, 359 laboratory findings and treatment, 207 Bayle, Gaspard Laurent, 357 , 206-207 Bazemore, J.M., 564 Aristotle, 22, 322, 357 Beaman, J.H., 114 Aronson, 394 Bedbugs, 193-194 Arsenic Bees, wasps, and hornets, 168 and contact dermatitis, 128 Beetles, 167 Arsenical vesicants in chemical warfare, 101 Belly Arthritis, psoriatic, 555, 558 See Abdomen Arthritis-dermatitis syndrome, 307 Benzocaine Arthropods, 184 and allergic contact dermatitis, 123-124 and bites, 159 Bernhard, J.D., 554 as vectors of disease, 184 Bible See also Arachnids; Centipedes and millipedes; Insects; and leprosy, 321 Vectors of disease and swarm of flies, 184-185 Atopic dermatitis, 564-568 Bikini BRAVO shot, 76 clinical features, 564, 565 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, 73 complications, 566 Biological warfare, 82-90 course, 565-566 anthrax, 82-84 diagnosis, 566 botulism, 87 military considerations, 567-568 hemorrhagic fevers, 84-87 precipitants, 566 history, 71-73 treatment, 566-567 mycotoxins, 87-90 Ashworth, 480 plague, 84 Asia tularemia, 84 and allergenic, indigenous plants, 122-123 Biting flies, 194 and filariasis, 274 See also Mosquitoes and flies and lymphogranuloma venereum, 522 Black Death, 295 and tularemia, 300 See also Plague Asklepiades, 322 Black piedra, 448 Asteatotic eczema, 27 Black widow spider, 177-178 clinical manifestations, 27 Blackhead, 11 etiology, 27 Blastomycosis, 464-467 treatment, 27 clinical manifestations, 465-466 Atrophy, 10 diagnosis, 466 Aufrecht, 358 distribution, 464-465 Aurelianus, Caelius, 322 epidemiology, 464 Australia history, 464 and allergenic, indigenous plants, 123 military implications, 467 and atypical mycobacterial infections, 412 primary cutaneous inoculation, 466 and histoplasmosis, 457 primary pulmonary, 465

600 Index

systemic, 465-466 and lymphogranuloma venereum, 522 treatment, 466-467 and schistosomiasis, 281 Bloch, Iwan, 321 Carter, Vandyke, 476 Blood agents, 105 Case histories Body lice, 164 of tuberculous gumma, 374 Bojalil, 394 Cashew Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, 207 and contact dermatitis, 118-119 Borovsky, 257 Cat and dog bites, 180 Borrelia burgdorferi, 187, 309 Caterpillars and moths, 160-161 Bosch, Hieronymus, 71, 72 Catherine the Great, 295 Botulism in biological warfare, 87 Ceftriaxone cutaneous and other clinical findings, 87 for chancroid, 518 diagnosis, 87 Cell wall military significance, 87 and leprosy, 328, 329 prophylaxis, 87 , 293 treatment, 87 Celsus, 357 , 215, 225-228 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 322 clinical findings, 226-227 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnosis, 228 diagnostic criteria for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 221 differential diagnosis, 227 Plague Branch, 298 epidemiology, vectors, and hosts, 226 Centipedes and millipedes, 160 laboratory findings, 227 Cercariae, 281 microbiology, 225-226 Chagas’ disease, 193 prevention, 228 Chagoma, 264-265 treatment, 228 Champion, R.H., 569 Bowenoid papulosis, 534 Chancroid, 515-519 Boxer Rebellion clinical manifestations, 516 and leprosy, 325 laboratory diagnosis, 516-518 Bradt, J.G., 515 treatment, 518-519 Brazil Chang Chung-ching, 323 and lobomycosis, 479 Chemical warfare, 90-105 and sporotrichosis, 470 and arsenical vesicants, 101 Bretonneau, 301-302 and cyanides, 105 Brill-Zinsser disease, 215, 233 doctrine and weaponry, 90 See also Recrudescent typhus (Brill-Zinsser disease) history, 73-76 B’rit milah, 365 and nerve agents, 105 Brown recluse spider, 176-177 and oximes, halogenated, 104-105 Brugia malayi, 275 and sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard, 90-101, 101-104 See also Malayan filariasis Chemoprophylaxis Brugia timori, 275 of meningococcal infections, 308 See also Timorian filariasis Chernobyl (U.S.S.R.), 82 Brugsch, 321 Chien Chen, 323 Bubo, 295 Chilblain, 31 Bubonic plague, 297-298 Children Buhl, 358 and condyloma acuminata, 535 Bulla, 8 and , 511 Bunney, M.H., 584 and leprosy, 346 Bunyaviridae-caused hemorrhagic fevers, 202-205 and tetracycline, 301 Burgdorfer, W., 309 and tick paralysis, 189 Burkina Faso and treating , 313 and yellow fever, 201 China, ancient Burrow, 11 and leprosy, 322-323 Byogenkorosenkin-ho, 323 and plague, 295 and schistosomiasis, 281 C and syphilis, 498 Chiracanthium, 178 Calomys callosus, 207 Candidosis, 437-443 and irritant contact dermatitis, 132-133 clinical features, 438-441 Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, 101 diagnosis, 441-442 Cholinergic urticaria intertrigo, 438-439 and heat and humidity, 45 , 439-441 Christ, Jesus, 321, 322 , 439-441 Chromates treatment, 442-443 and contact dermatitis, 127 Caribbean region Chromoblastomycosis, 473-475 and allergenic, indigenous plants, 120-122 clinical manifestations, 473 and filariasis, 274 diagnosis, 473-475

601 Military Dermatology

epidemiology and distribution, 473 See also Urticaria, contact history, 473 Convection, 24 treatment, 475 Cook, Albert, 392 Chrysops deerflies Corticosteroids, topical vectors for loiasis, 276 in treatment of psoriasis, 558 Civil War diphtheriae, 301 and chancroid, 515 Creosote and shoes, 56 and contact dermatitis, 132 Cleland, 198 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, 203 Clinics of Dermatology, 120 laboratory findings and treatment, 203 Clofazimine signs and symptoms, 203 and leprosy, 345 Crimean War See also Drugs and , 224 botulinum, 87 Crust, 10 Clothing Cryptococcosis, 481-482 and contact dermatitis, 129-130 clinical manifestations, 481-482 and heat loss, 26 diagnosis, 482 and mite control, 237 epidemiology and distribution, 481 and preventing Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 224 treatment, 482 See also Shoes Culicoides grahami Clovis, 357 and streptocerciasis, 279 Coal tar Culture in treatment of psoriasis, 559 for diagnosing gonorrhea, 512-513 Coccidioidomycosis, 459-464 Culture, viral clinical manifestations, 461 to diagnose genital herpes, 528 diagnosis, 461-463 Culture and serology distribution, 460-461 for chancroid, 517-518 epidemiology, 460 Cunningham, D.D., 256-257 history, 459-460 Cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase (CSD), 81 prevention, 463-464 Cutaneous manifestations treatment, 463 of amebiasis, 269 Cold-induced injury, 21-37 of human hookworm disease, 270-271 direct, 27-30 of strongyloidiasis, 273 history, 22-24 Cutaneous nerve biopsy indirect, 31-36 and leprosy, 333 influential factors, 25-26 Cutaneous trauma, 143-156 mechanisms, 24-25 anatomy, 146-148 pathogenesis, 27 evaluation and first aid, 148-149 prevention, 24 friction blisters, 144-146 Cold panniculitis, 34 microbiology, 149 clinical manifestations, 34 pathogenesis, 144-145 etiology, 34 prevention and treatment, 145-146 treatment, 34 risk factors, 145 Coleman, W.R., 560 surgical intervention, 149-154 Colophony Cutaneous viral infections and allergic contact dermatitis, 131 See Viral infections, cutaneous Columbus, Christopher, 192, 498 Cutis marmorata, 31 Combat type Cyanides in chemical warfare, 105 and heat loss, 26 Cytologic diagnosis , 11 of genital herpes, 528-529 Commentary of Taiho-rei, 323 Conder, 321 D Conduction, 24 Confucius, 322 da Costa Cruz, 393, 415 Contact dermatitis, 112 da Rocha-Lima, Henrique, 456 allergic, 113-131 Dally, Clarence, 70 by anatomical site, 135-137 Damsch, 358 irritant, 131-133 Dante, 324 and mechanical injury, 133 Dapsone patch and use testing, 137-138 and leprosy, 343 and pharmacological reactions, 133-134 See also Drugs treatment, 138-139 Darier, Jean, 380 urticaria, 134 Darius I, 321 See also Allergic contact dermatitis; Atopic dermatitis; Darling, Samuel Taylor, 456 Irritant contact dermatitis Daves, J.S., 569 Contact urticaria, 134 Debridement, 151

602 Index

Dengue hemorrhagic fever, 198-200 Dyshidrotic eczema laboratory findings and treatment, 200 and heat and humidity, 45-46 signs and symptoms, 200 Deoxyfructo-5-hydroxytryptamine (DF5-HT) E and leprosy, 346 See also Drugs Ebola hemorrhagic fever, 208-209 Dermatitis laboratory findings and treatment, 208-209 See Allergic contact dermatitis; Atopic dermatitis; Contact signs and symptoms, 208 dermatitis; Irritant contact dermatitis Ebstein, 358 Dermatology , 293 See Military dermatology Ecumenical Council to the Lateran, 73 Dermatophytes, 424 Edison, Thomas, 70 Dermatophytosis, 425-437 Edward the Confessor, 357 clinical features, 425-426 Egypt, ancient diagnosis, 433-434 and leprosy, 321 tinea barbae, 428 Ehrlich, 358, 359 tinea capitis, 426-428 Ehrlichiae, 240 tinea corporis, 428-430 See also Ehrlichiosis; Sennetsu fever Majocchi granuloma, 429 Ehrlichiosis, 215, 241-244 tinea faciei, 429 clinical findings, 243 tinea imbricata, 429-430 diagnosis, 243-244 tinea cruris, 430 differential diagnosis, 243 tinea manuum, 431 epidemiology, 242 tinea pedis, 430-431 laboratory findings, 243 tinea unguium, 432-433 microbiology, 241 treatment, 434-437 treatment, 244 Deutschmann, 358 vectors and reservoirs, 241-242 Dhobie , 117 Emergency War Surgery NATO Handbook, 6 Dhobie mark dermatitis, 117 Emperor Gwyo, 323 Diadochen, 321 Empress Komyo, 323 Diagnosis, principles, 6-19 Endemic (murine) typhus, 215, 233-235 anatomy, 6 clinical manifestations, 234 differential diagnostic considerations, 8, 13-18 control, 235 patient history, 7 diagnosis, 234 , 7, 8-12 differential diagnosis, 234 Diethyltoluamide dermatitis, 132 epidemiology, vectors, and hosts, 233-234 , 301-305 laboratory findings, 234 clinical manifestations, 303-304 microbiology, 233 diagnosis, 304 treatment, 234 epidemiology, 302-303 Endocervicitis, 509 etiology, 302 Entomophthoramycosis, 482-483 immunization, 305 , 215, 229-233 treatment, 304-305 and Brill-Zinsser disease, 233 Direct cold injury, 27-30 clinical findings, 231-232 asteatotic eczema, 27 control, 232-233 frostbite, 28-30 diagnosis, 232 Dog bites, 180 differential diagnosis, 232 Donovan, C., 257, 519 epidemiology, hosts, and vectors, 230-231 Donovanosis, 519 laboratory findings, 232 See also microbiology, 230 Dopter, 305 military significance, 229-230 Doughty, John W., 73, 74, 75 treatment, 232 Downgrading reaction, in leprosy, 347, 351 Epidermization Dracunculiasis, 279-280 in healing, 152-153 clinical manifestations, 279 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, 583 diagnosis, 279-280 Epigrammata Medicae Philosophicae, 531 treatment, 280 Erosion, 10 Dracunculus medinensis Erythema chronicum migrans, localized, 310 and dracunculiasis, 279 , 380-382 Drugs clinical features, 381 antimycotic, 435 course, 382 against leprosy, 343-346 differential diagnosis, 382 Drugs, topical epidemiology, 380-381 and contact dermatitis, 123-125 etiology and pathogenesis, 381 Duncan, T., 4 histopathology, 381 , 45 laboratory features, 381

603 Military Dermatology

treatment, 382 Fleas, 169-170, 190-193 Erythema nodosum leprosum, 347 and bites, 192 histological findings, 350 and papular urticaria, 192 treatment, 350-351 and plague, 192 Erythermalgia and tungiasis, 192-193 and heat and humidity, 47 as vectors of diseases, 191 Erythrocyanosis, 34 Flexner, 305 clinical manifestations, 34 Foot injuries, 55-68 etiology, 34 immersion foot, 63 treatment, 34 management, 63 Erythromycin trench foot, 57-62 for chancroid, 518 tropical immersion foot, 64-66 Erythropoietic protoporphyria, 52 warm water immersion foot, 66 Espundia, 261 Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, 241 Esthiomene, 523 Fracastorius, 324 Ethionamide Fragrances and leprosy, 345 and contact dermatitis, 131 See also Drugs Franciscella tularensis, 84, 299 Ethiopia Franco-Prussian War and murine typhus, 234 and frostbite, 22 Euphorbin, 133 Frederick the Great, 295 Europe Frei test, 524 and histoplasmosis, 457 Friction blisters, 144-146 and leprosy in the Middle Ages, 323-324 and heat and humidity, 47 and leprosy in the Renaissance, 324 pathogenesis, 144-145 and Lyme disease, 311 prevention and treatment, 145-146 and plague, 295 risk factors, 145 and syphilis, 498 Friede, H., 190 and tularemia, 300 Friedländer, 358 Evaporation, 25 Friedman, 415 Exposure duration Frostbite, 28-30 and heat loss, 26 clinical manifestations, 28-29 Eye findings etiology, 28 and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 219 prognostic signs, 29 See also Herpes zoster ophthalmicus treatment, 30 Eyedrops Frostnip, 28 See Topical drugs Fuller, J.F.C., 76 Eyelids Fungal skin diseases, deep, 453-492 and contact dermatitis, 135 actinomycosis, 483-485 blastomycosis, 464-467 F chromoblastomycosis, 473-475 coccidioidomycosis, 459-464 Face cryptococcosis, 481-482 and contact dermatitis, 135-136 entomophthoramycosis, 482-483 and cutaneous trauma, 146-147 histoplasmosis and histoplasmosis duboisii, 456-459 Faget, Guy, 325 introduction, 454-456 Feasby, W.R., 4 lobomycosis, 478-479 Feet mycetoma, 475-478 and contact dermatitis, 137 , 485 Fibroplasia paracoccidioidomycosis, 467-469 in wound healing, 152 rhinosporidiosis, 480-481 Filariae sporotrichosis, 470-473 of medical significance, 274 Fungal skin diseases, superficial, 423-451 Filariasis, 274-279 candidosis, 437-443 Bancroftian, 274-275 clinical features, 438-441 loiasis, 276-277 diagnosis, 441-442 Malayan, 275 treatment, 442-443 onchocerciasis, 277-279 causative fungi, 424 streptocerciasis, 279 dermatophytosis, 425-437 Timorian, 275 clinical features, 425-426, 426-433 Filiform warts, 581 diagnosis, 433-434 Filoviridae-caused hemorrhagic fevers, 208-209 Majocchi granuloma, 429 Finlay, Charles, 200-201 tinea barbae, 428 Fire ants, 169 tinea capitis, 426-428 Fissure, 10 tinea corporis, 428-430 Fitzpatrick, T.B., 560 tinea cruris, 430 Flat warts, 581, 583 tinea faciei, 429 Flaviviridae-caused hemorrhagic fevers, 198-202 tinea imbricata, 429-430

604 Index

tinea manuum, 431 asymptomatic infection in men, 509 tinea pedis, 430-431 complicated infections, 510 tinea unguium, 432-433 disseminated gonococcal infection, 510-511 treatment, 434-437 endocervicitis in women, 509 epidemiology and military history, 424-425 infections in infants and children, 511 miscellaneous infections, 447-449 pharyngeal infection, 510 black piedra, 448 rectal infection, 510 tinea nigra, 447-448 urethritis in men, 508-509 white piedra, 448-449 laboratory diagnosis, 511-513 pityrosporum infections, 443-447 treatment, 513-515 clinical features, 443-445 Gorgas, William, 456 diagnosis, 445-447 Granulation treatment, 447 in wound healing, 152 Fungal skin infections Granuloma inguinale, 519-521 and heat and humidity, 46 clinical manifestations, 519-520 Fungi, 424 complications, 520-521 Funk, E.H., 356 laboratory diagnosis, 521 Furunculosis, 293 treatment, 521 Great Dying, 295 G Great Fire of 1666, 295 Great Pestilence, 295 Galen, 22, 322, 324, 357 “Great Pox,” 498 Gambia Greece, ancient and yellow fever, 201 and leprosy, 321-322 Gastrointestinal manifestations Groin of human hookworm disease, 271-272 and contact dermatitis, 136 of strongyloidiasis, 273 Ground itch, 270 See also Intestinal manifestations Guatemala Genetics and onchocerciasis, 278 and leprosy, 328-329 Guiton, C.R., 356 Geneva Gas Protocol, 73 Gummata, 503 Genital herpes, 525-531 Guttate psoriasis, 555 clinical manifestations, 525-528 in immunocompromised patients, 527-528 H nonprimary infection, 527 primary infection, 525-527 Haber, L.F., 73 recurrent infection, 527 Haffkine, 296 laboratory diagnosis, 528-530 Hammurabi, 320 antigen detection, 529-530 Handbook of Diseases of the Skin, 356 cytologic diagnosis, 528-529 Hands serologic testing, 530 and contact dermatitis, 137 viral culture, 528 “Hanging groin,” 278, 279 treatment, 530-531 Hansen, G. Armave, 324, 392 Genital warts, 531-537 Hansen’s disease clinical manifestations, 533-535 See Leprosy diagnosis, 535-536 Hantaan virus, 204 treatment, 536-537 Harwood, R.F., 184 Germany Hawaii and chemical warfare, 75 and allergenic, indigenous plants, 120 research to inactive mustard compounds, 103-104 Hazleton Research Products, 208 Ghon, 305 Head Gila monsters, 179-180 and cutaneous trauma, 146-147 Gilchrist, Thomas Caspar, 464 Head lice, 162-164 Ginkgo Heat cramps, 41 and contact dermatitis, 119-120 Heat exhaustion, 41 Gluta Heat injury, 40-41 and contact dermatitis, 120 cramps, 41 Goeckerman, W.H., 559 exhaustion, 41 Gold heatstroke, 41 and contact dermatitis, 128 Heat loss mechanisms, 24-25 Goldberg, 360 conduction, 24 Gonococcal infection, disseminated convection, 24 diagnosis, 510-511 evaporation, 25 treatment, 514-515 radiation, 24-25 Gonococcal infection, uncomplicated respiration, 25 treatment, 513-514 Heatstroke, 41 Gonorrhea, 508-515 Hebra, 32 clinical manifestations, 508-511 Hellerström, 393

605 Military Dermatology

Helminthic infections, 269-282 See Bees, wasps, and hornets animal hookworm, 272 Hugar, D.W., 62 dracunculiasis, 279-280 Human hookworm disease, 270-272 filariasis, 274-279 clinical manifestations, 270-272 human hookworm disease, 270-272 diagnosis and treatment, 272 schistosomiasis, 280-283 Human papillomavirus (HPV) strongyloidiasis, 272-273 types, 532 trichinosis, 280 Hunter, John, 498 Helminths, 269 Hutchinson, Jonathan, 34, 360 and cutaneous disease, 270 Hydrocarbons Hematologic manifestations and irritant contact dermatitis, 132 of strongyloidiasis, 273 syndrome Hemorrhagic fevers, viral, 197-212 and heat and humidity, 44 Argentine, 206-207 Hyskos, 321 associated viruses, 199 Bolivian, 207 I Crimean-Congo, 203 dengue, 198-200 Iatrogenic immunization tuberculosis, 375 Ebola, 208-209 Immersion foot, 63 introduction, 198 Immersion foot syndromes, 57 Kyasanur Forest disease, 202 comparison, 60-61 Lassa fever, 205-206 Immunity, cell-mediated Marburg, 209 and leprosy, 330 Omsk, 202 Immunity, humoral prevention, 210 and leprosy, 329-330 with renal syndrome, 203-205 Immunization Rift Valley fever, 202-203 against diphtheria, 305 supportive treatment, 210 against meningococcal infections, 308 yellow fever, 200-202 See also Vaccines Hemorrhagic fevers in biological warfare, 84-87 Immunocompromised patients cutaneous and other clinical findings, 84-85 and genital herpes, 527-528, 531 diagnosis, 85 See also Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) military significance, 86-87 Immunoglobulin E prophylaxis, 86 and mediation of urticaria, 571 treatment, 85-86 , 293 Henry IV, 357 India Henry of Navarre, 357 and allergenic, indigenous plant, 117 Herodotus, 321 ancient, and leprosy, 322 Herpes simplex labialis, 575-577 and dracunculiasis, 279 clinical features, 575-576 and histoplasmosis, 457 diagnosis, 576 and Kyasanur Forest disease, 202 treatment, 577 and lymphogranuloma venereum, 522 Herpes zoster, 577-580 and murine typhus, 234 clinical features, 577-578 and mycetoma, 476 diagnosis, 579 and plague, 295-296 treatment, 579-580 and rhinosporidiosis, 480 types, 578-579 India marking nut tree Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 578-579 and contact dermatitis, 117 Herxheimer, 132 Indirect cold injury, 31-36 Hippocrates, 22, 321, 322, 357 acrocyanosis, 33 Histamine cold panniculitis, 34 agents, and urticaria, 570-571 erythrocyanosis, 34 Histoplasmosis and histoplasmosis duboisii, 456-459 livedo reticularis, 31-33 clinical manifestations, 457-458 pernio, 31 diagnosis, 458-459 Raynaud’s disease and phenomenon, 34-36 epidemiology and distribution, 457 trench foot, 34 history, 456-457 Indonesia military implications, 459 and histoplasmosis, 457 treatment, 459 and schistosomiasis, 281 Histoplasmosis duboisii Infants See Histoplasmosis and histoplasmosis duboisii and gonorrhea, 511 History of the First Gas Regiment, 75 Hitler, Adolf, 75 in wound healing, 152 Hollstrom, E., 309 Insect repellents Hookworm See Diethyltoluamide dermatitis animal, 272 Insects, 160-170 human, 270-272 bedbugs, 193-194 Hornets beetles, 167

606 Index

biting flies, 194 L caterpillars and moths, 160-161 fleas, 169-170, 190-193 Laennec, Réné, 357 lice, 162-164, 193 Lai-ping, 323 mosquitoes and flies, 164-167 Lamb, B.H., 300 stinging insects, 168-169 Lamberg, S.I., 132 true bugs, 161-162 Langhans, 358 See also Arachnids; Arthropods; Centipedes and millipedes Lanolin Intertrigo, 438-439 and allergic contact dermatitis, 131 Intestinal manifestations Larrey, Baron, 22 of amebiasis, 268-269 Lassa fever, 205-206 See also Gastrointestinal manifestations laboratory findings and treatment, 206 Iran signs and symptoms, 206 and sulfur mustard victims, 95-97 Last Judgment, 71, 72 Irritant contact dermatitis, 131-133 Leakey virus, 204 and alkalis and acids, 132 Leather chloracne, 132-133 See Shoes diethyltoluamide dermatitis, 132 Leiferman, K.M., 570 and hydrocarbons, 132 Leishman, W.B., 257 from plants, 133 Leishmaniasis, 256-263 Irving, Laurence, 57 cutaneous manifestations, 258-260 Isocrates, 357 diagnosis, 262 Isolation mucocutaneous manifestations, 260-261 of rickettsiae, 221-222 treatment, 262-263 Italy visceral manifestations, 261-262 and chemical warfare, 75 Lennhoff, C., 309 Lepromin test J and leprosy, 330-331 Leprosy, 319-354 James, M.T., 184 and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 352 Japan clinical and histological diagnostic criteria, 333-342 and allergenic, indigenous plant, 117-118 complications, 346-351 ancient, and leprosy, 323 epidemiology, 326-328 and chemical warfare, 75 history, 320-326 and Sennetsu fever, 244 immunology, 329-331 and sporotrichosis, 470 introduction, 320 Japanese lacquer tree laboratory diagnosis, 331-333 and contact dermatitis, 117-118 microbiology, 328-329 John of Gaddesden, 324 pathogenesis, 335 K treatment, 343-346 vaccination, 351 Kanjin, 323 Lewisite (L), 101 Katayama fever compared with mustard, 102 See Schistosomiasis Lice, 162-164, 193 Kerandel’s sign, 267 body, 164 Kerion, 427 head, 162-164 Kiefer, 305 pubic, 164 Kirchheimer, Waldemar, 325 , 561-564 Kissing bugs, 162, 263 clinical features, 561-563 Kitasato, 296 diagnosis, 563 Klebs, E., 302, 358 military considerations, 564 Klingmüeller, V., 320 pathogenesis, 563 Koch, Robert, 356, 358-361, 381, 392 treatment, 563-564 Köebner’s phenomenon, 553 variants, 562 Korean conflict , 383-384 and chancroid, 515 clinical features, 384 and cold injuries, 23-24 course, 384 and heat injuries, 40 differential diagnosis, 384 and jump boots, 56 laboratory and histopathological features, 384 and , 306 prognosis, 384 and sexually transmitted diseases, 497 treatment, 384 and tuberculosis, 361 Lichenification, 10 Kortum, 357 Linear lesions, 12 Koster, 358 Linell, 394 Ktesias, 321 Liston, 296 Kuflik, E.G., 561 Livedo reticularis, 31-33 Kwo-Hon, 323 clinical manifestations, 33 Kyasanur Forest disease, 202 etiology, 32-33

607 Military Dermatology

treatment, 33 Maturation Livingood, C.S., 4, 56, 551 in wound healing, 153 Loa loa, 276 McCoy, G.W., 299 See also Loiasis McCrae, T., 356 Lobo, Jorge, 478 Mein Kampf, 75 Lobomycosis, 478-479 Mellanby, K., 159 clinical manifestations, 479 Men diagnosis, 479 and gonorrhea, 508-509 epidemiology and distribution, 478-479 and nickel dermatitis, 127 treatment, 479 See also Sex differences; Women Loeffler, 302 Meningitis, 307 Loiasis, 276-277 Meningococcal infections, 305-308 clinical manifestations, 276 chemoprophylaxis in carriers, 308 diagnosis, 276 clinical manifestations, 307-308 treatment, 276-277 diagnosis, 308 Long, E., 356 epidemiology, 306 LOST, 90 etiology, 306 Lovell, Joseph, 56 treatment, 308 Lucio’s phenomenon, 347, 351 vaccines, 308 Lucretius, 322 Meningococcal pneumonia, 307-308 , 371-374 Meningococcemia, fulminant, 307 clinical features, 372-373 Mercurialis, 184 course and prognosis, 374 Mercury differential diagnosis, 374 and contact dermatitis, 127-128 epidemiology, 371 Metals histological features, 373 and contact dermatitis, 125-128 laboratory features, 373 Methotrexate, systemic pathogenesis, 371-372 in treatment of psoriasis, 559 Lutz, Adolpho, 467 Mexico Lyme disease, 309-313 and murine typhus, 234 clinical manifestations, 309-312 and mycetoma, 476 diagnosis, 312 and onchocerciasis, 278 epidemiology, 309 and sporotrichosis, 470 and mites and ticks, 187-188 Microbiology and Virology Institute, 84 treatment, 312-313 Microscopy, dark-field Lymphogranuloma venereum, 522-525 for syphilis, 504 clinical manifestations, 522-523 Microscopy, direct fluorescence laboratory diagnosis, 524 for syphilis, 504 treatment, 524-525 Middle East and schistosomiasis, 281 M , 41-44 crystallina, 42 M258 kit, 89, 102 and heat and humidity, 41-44 M-1944 Shoepac, 56 pathogenesis and treatment, 42-44 MacKenna, R.M.B., 5 profunda, 42 Macule, 8 pustulosa, 42 Magee, James C., 3 rubra, 42 Maggots, 165-167 of the skin, 369 Admiral Mahan, 73 clinical features, 369 Mahrle, G., 584 course and prognosis, 369 Majocchi granuloma, 429 differential diagnosis, 369 Malassezia furfur, 443 laboratory and histological features, 369 Malaya Military dermatology and murine typhus, 234 recommendations, 5-6 Malayan filariasis, 275 unlearned lessons, 4-5 Malaysia in Vietnam conflict, 3-4 and filariasis, 275 in World War I, 2 and Sennetsu fever, 244 in World War II, 3 Management Millipedes of vesicant injury, 101 See Centipedes and millipedes Manetho, 321 Minocycline Mango and leprosy, 346 and contact dermatitis, 118 See also Drugs Manson, Patrick, 324 Miracidium, 281 Mansonella streptocerca, 279 Mites and ticks, 170-171, 185-190 See also Streptocerciasis characteristics, 185-187 Mantoux, Charles, 360 as disease vectors, 186 Marburg hemorrhagic fever, 209 and handling, 187

608 Index

and Lyme disease, 187-188 laboratory features, 412 nonscabietic mites, 173-174 epidemiology, 411 and relapsing fever, 188 chelonae disease and Rickettsial diseases, 188-189 clinical presentation, citations, 408 scabietic mites, 172-173 -chelonae complex disease, 415-416 and tick paralysis, 189-190 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 416 and tick-bite alopecia, 190 diagnostic features, 415-416 and tick-bite reactions, 190 histopathology, 416 Molluscum contagiosum, 537-540, 580-581 laboratory features, 416 clinical features, 537-539, 580 epidemiology, 415 complications, 539 Mycobacterium gordonae disease, 410-411 diagnosis, 539-540, 580-581 clinical presentation, citations, 408 treatment, 540, 581 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 411 Modern Medicine: Its Theory and Practice, 356 diagnostic features, 410-411 Modern times histopathology, 410-411 and advances against leprosy, 324-325 laboratory features, 411 Móller-Christensen, 324 epidemiology, 410 “Moon-boot syndrome,” 66 Mycobacterium haemophilum disease, 413-414 Morgagni, 357 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 414 Morphologic index diagnostic features, 414 and leprosy, 333 histopathology, 414 Morton, Samuel, 357 laboratory features, 414 Moses, 321 epidemiology, 413-414 Mosquitoes and flies, 164-167 Mycobacterium kansasii disease, 407 as vectors of diseases, 165 clinical presentation, citations, 408 See also Biting flies course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 407 Moths diagnostic features, 407 See Caterpillars and moths histopathology, 407 Mulrennan, J.A., 132 laboratory features, 407 Multibacillary leprosy epidemiology, 407 treatment, 343 Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, 376 and drug resistance, 345-346 Murine typhus, 233-235 persistence, 346 See also Rickettsial diseases See also Leprosy Musculoskeletal manifestations Mycobacterium malmöense disease, 414-415 of Lyme disease, 311 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 414-415 Mustard diagnostic features, 414 compared with Lewisite, 102 histopathology, 414 Mustard toxicity laboratory features, 414 skin manifestations, 98 epidemiology, 414 Mycetoma, 475-478 disease, 404-407 clinical manifestations, 476-477 clinical presentation, citations, 408 diagnosis, 477-478 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 406-407 epidemiology and distribution, 476 diagnostic features, 405-406 history, 475 differential diagnosis, 405-406 treatment, 478 histopathology, 406 Mycobacterial diseases, atypical, 391-422 laboratory features, 406 and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 404, 417 epidemiology, 404-405 atypical infections, 404-417 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum disease, 409 classification systems, 398-400 clinical presentation, citations, 408 colony growth course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 409 and temperature, 403 diagnostic features, 409 diagnosis and isolation, algorithm, 402 histopathology, 409 epidemiology, 397-398 laboratory features, 409 distribution, 398 epidemiology, 409 incidence, 397 Mycobacterium smegmatis disease, 416-417 organism sources, 397-398 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 416-417 histopathology, 400 diagnostic features, 416 history, 392-396 histopathology, 416 general, 392-395 laboratory features, 416 military, 395-396 epidemiology, 416 mycobacteriology, 401-404 Mycobacterium szulgai disease, 408-409 Mycobacterium, 401 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 408-409 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare disease, 411-412 diagnostic features, 408 clinical presentation, citations, 408 histopathology, 408 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 412 laboratory features, 408 diagnostic features, 411-412 epidemiology, 408 histopathology, 412 disease, 412-413

609 Military Dermatology

course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 413 Nontreponemal tests diagnostic features, 412-413 and false-positive reactions, 507 histopathology, 413 for syphilis, 505 laboratory features, 413 See also Treponemal tests epidemiology, 412 Norden, 394 Mycobacterium xenopi disease, 409-410 Norris, D.A., 563 course, treatment, prognosis, prevention, 410 North Africa diagnostic features, 410 and mustard poisoning, 101 histopathology, 410 Nuclear warfare, 76-82 laboratory features, 410 history, 70-71 epidemiology, 409-410 radiation and thermal effects, 76-79 Mycoses, opportunistic, 481-485 cutaneous, treatment, 79-81 Mycoses, subcutaneous, 470-481 sequelae, late, 81-82 Mycoses, systemic, 456-469 Mycotoxins in biological warfare, 87-90 O clinical findings, 88 Ofloxacin cutaneous findings, 88 and leprosy, 346 diagnosis, 88-89 See also Drugs military significance, 89-90 Oklahoma prophylaxis, 89 and sporotrichosis, 470 treatment, 89 Oleoresin, 114 Myocardial manifestations Omsk hemorrhagic fever, 202 of Lyme disease, 311 Onchocerca volvulus, 277 Myocarditis See also Onchocerciasis and diphtheria, 303 Onchocerciasis, 277-279 N clinical manifestations, 277-278 diagnosis, 278-279 Napoleon, 230, 295 treatment, 279 Napoleonic Wars Onychomycosis, 432, 439-441 and cold injuries, 22 Oozing, 10 Native Americans Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm and biological warfare, 71 and heat injuries, 40 and mosquitoes, 184 Organization and polymorphous light eruption, 50 and military dermatology, 4, 5-6 and syphilis, 498 Oriel, J.D., 531 Neck Orr, K., 24 and contact dermatitis, 136 Osler, W., 356 Neisser, Albert L.S., 356, 358 Oximes, halogenated Nematodes, 269 in chemical warfare, 104-105 See also Helminthic infections Neomycin P and allergic contact dermatitis, 123 Pacific Nernst, Walther, 73 and filariasis, 274 Nerve agents in chemical warfare, 105 “Paddy foot,” 64 Nerve biopsy, cutaneous Pakistan and leprosy, 333 and dracunculiasis, 279 Neuralgia, postherpetic, 579 and murine typhus, 234 Neurological manifestations Papular urticaria of Lyme disease, 311 and fleas, 192 and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 219 Papule, 9 New Guinea Papulonecrotic tuberculid, 382-383 and atypical mycobacterial infections, 412 clinical findings, 383 New York City course, 383 and , 228 differential diagnosis, 383 Nickel epidemiology, 382-383 and contact dermatitis, 126-127, 136 laboratory and histopathological findings, 383 Nigeria pathogenesis, 382 and yellow fever, 201 treatment, 383 Nitrogen mustard Paracoccidioidomycosis, 467-469 See Sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard in chemical clinical manifestations, 468-469 warfare diagnosis, 469 Nocardiosis, 485 epidemiology and distribution, 467 clinical presentation, citations, 408 history, 467 Nodule, 9 treatment, 469 Nonscabietic mites, 173-174 Parasitic infections, tropical, 255-290 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 103 African trypanosomiasis, 266-268

610 Index

amebiasis, 268-269 Plantar warts, 581-583 animal hookworm, 272 Plants dracunculiasis, 279-280 and contact dermatitis, 113-114 filariasis, 274-279 geographical distribution, 120-123 human hookworm disease, 270-272 and irritant contact dermatitis, 133 introduction, 256 See also individual plants leishmaniasis, 256-263 Plaque, 9 schistosomiasis, 280-283 Platinum South American trypanosomiasis, 263-265 and contact dermatitis, 128 strongyloidiasis, 272-273 Platyhelminths, 269 trichinosis, 280 See also Helminthic infections Paronychia, 439-441 Pliny, 324, 357 Parrish, J.A., 560 Pliny the Elder, 322 Pasteur, Louis, 184, 358 Plutarch, 322 Paucibacillary leprosy Pneumonia, meningococcal, 307-308 treatment, 343 Pneumonic plague, 298 Pefloxacin Poison ivy and poison oak and leprosy, 346 and contact dermatitis, 114-117 See also Drugs field identification, 117 Pellagra, 52 signs and symptoms, 114-117 Peloponnesian War Poison sumac and chemical warfare, 73 and contact dermatitis, 117 Perfumes Polymorphous light eruption, 50-51 and contact dermatitis, 131 Pompey, 322 Pernio, 31 Pompholyx, 45 clinical manifestations, 31 Pope Damasius II, 324 etiology, 31 Pope Innocent III, 73 treatment, 31 Porphyria cutanea tarda, 52 Perry, H.O., 562 Posadas, Alejandro, 459 Persia, ancient Pregnancy and leprosy, 321 and condyloma acuminata, 535 Peru and gonorrhea, 515 balsam of, and dermatitis, 131 and lymphogranuloma venereum, 525 Peterson, G., 62 and plague treatment, 299 Pharaoh Sapti 5th, 321 and tetracycline, 301 Pharynx and treating genital warts, 537 and gonorrhea, 510 and treating Lyme disease, 313 Philippine Insurrection Preservatives and leprosy, 325 and contact dermatitis, 130-131 Philippines Prevention, Treatment and Control of Heat Injury, 40 and filariasis, 275 Prickly heat, 42 and schistosomiasis, 281 Primary inoculation tuberculosis, 365-368 Philon, 322 clinical features, 367 Philumenus, 322 course and prognosis, 367 Phosgene oxime (CX), 104-105 differential diagnosis, 367-368 Phototoxicity and photoallergy, 48, 49-50 epidemiology, 365 Piatt, A.D., 361 laboratory and histological features, 367 Piedra, black, 448 Primary lesions, 8 Piedra, white, 448-449 Promin, 326 Pillsbury, D.M., 4, 56, 551 Properdin deficiency, 306 Pin-yüan-hou-lun, 323 Prospect Hill virus, 204 Pityriasis versicolor, 443-444 Prothionamide Pityrosporum , 444-445 and leprosy, 345 Pityrosporum infections, 443-447 See also Drugs clinical features, 443-445 Protozoal infections, 256-269 diagnosis, 445-447 African trypanosomiasis, 266-268 treatment, 447 amebiasis, 268-269 Plague, 295-299 leishmaniasis, 256-263 in biological warfare, 84 South American trypanosomiasis, 263-265 clinical features, 297-298 Pseudofolliculitis barbae, 573-575 diagnosis, 298 clinical features, 573 epidemiology, 296-297 diagnosis, 574 etiology, 296 military considerations, 575 and fleas, 192 pathogenesis, 573 laboratory findings, 298 and shaving guidelines, 574 transmission, 296-297 treatment, 574-575 treatment, 298-299 Psoralen and ultraviolet-A phototherapy (PUVA)

611 Military Dermatology

in treatment of psoriasis, 560 Relapsing fever Psoriasis, 552-561 and mites and ticks, 188 clinical features, 553-555 Renal syndrome, and hemorrhagic fever, 203-205 diagnosis, 555 laboratory findings and treatment, 205 guttate, 555 signs and symptoms, 204-205 military considerations, 560-561 Renault, 32 psoriatic arthritis, 555, 558 Reptiles, 179-180 pustular, generalized, 555 gila monsters, 179-180 pustular, localized, 555 snakes, 179 treatment, 555-560 Research vulgaris, 555 and military dermatology, 6 Psoriasis vulgaris, 555 Respiration, 25 Psoriatic arthritis, 555 Reston, Virginia Pubic lice, 164 and Ebola virus, 208 Pulex irritans, 190 Retinoids, systemic Pulmonary findings in treatment of psoriasis, 559 of human hookworm disease, 271-272 Reversal reaction, in leprosy, 346-349 and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 219 histological findings, 348 of strongyloidiasis, 273 treatment, 348, 349 Pustular psoriasis, generalized, 555 Rhamses II, 321 Pustular psoriasis, localized, 555 Rhinosporidiosis, 480-481 Pustule, 8 clinical manifestations, 480-481 PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet-A phototherapy) diagnosis, 481 in treatment of psoriasis, 560 epidemiology and distribution, 480 Puumala virus, 204 history, 480 , 292-295 treatment, 481 clinical features, 293-295 Richter, 321 etiology, 292-293 Ricketts, Howard T., 229 prognosis, 295 Rickettsiae treatment, 295 identifying, 222 isolating, 221-222 Q of spotted fever group diseases, 226 Rickettsial diseases, 213-254 , 215, 238-240 boutonneuse fever, 225-228 clinical findings, 239-240 ehrlichiosis, 241-244 diagnosis, 240 endemic (murine) typhus, 233-235 epidemiology, 239 epidemic typhus, 229-233 microbiology, 238-239 introduction, 214 prevention, 240 and mites and ticks, 188-189 rare presentations, 239 Q fever, 238-240 treatment, 240 recrudescent typhus (Brill-Zinsser disease), 233 R rickettsialpox, 228-229 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 214-225 Racial differences , 235-237 and coccidioidomycosis, 461 Sennetsu fever, 244 and pseudofolliculitis, barbae, 573 , 237-238 and pyodermas, 292 Rickettsialpox, 215, 228-229 and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 220 clinical findings, 228-229 and sunburn, 47 differential diagnosis, 229 Radiation, 24-25 epidemiology, vectors, and hosts, 228 Ramon, 302 laboratory findings, 229 Ramsay Hunt’s syndrome, 579 microbiology, 228 Rawasley, H.M., 570 treatment, 229 Raynaud, 34-35 Ridley Logarithmic Scale, 332 Raynaud’s disease and phenomenon, 34-36 Rifampin causes, 34 and leprosy, 343 clinical manifestations, 35 See also Drugs etiology, 35 Rift Valley fever, 202-203 treatment, 35-36 laboratory findings and treatment, 203 Recrudescent typhus (Brill-Zinsser disease), 215, 233 signs and symptoms, 202-203 Rectum Rig veda sanhita, 322 and gonorrhea, 510 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 214-225 Reed, Walter, 184, 200, 201, 210 clinical manifestations, 217-219 Rees, 324 diagnosis, 220-222 Refugees differential diagnosis, 222-223 and tuberculosis control, 379-380 epidemiology and vectors, 216-217 Reid, 357 laboratory findings, 219-220

612 Index

microbiology, 215-216 Serologic testing, 504-506 pathological findings, 222 of genital herpes, 530 prevention, 224-225 and leprosy, 333 prognosis, 220 nontreponemal tests, 505 treatment, 223-224 sensitivity of, in untreated syphilis, 506 vectors, 217 treponemal tests, 505-506 Roentgen, W.C., 70 Sex differences Roman Empire and chancroid, 515 and leprosy, 322 and erythermalgia, 47 Rosin and papulonecrotic tuberculid, 382-383 and allergic contact dermatitis, 131 and Raynaud’s disease, 35 Ross, M.S., 190 and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 220 Roux, 302 See also Men; Women Rubber compounds Sex partners and contact dermatitis, 129 and chancroid, 519 Runyon, E.H., 392, 394, 396, 398-399 and gonorrhea, 514 Rush, Benjamin, 22, 357 and lymphogranuloma venereum, 525 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) S chancroid, 515-519 clinical manifestations, 516 Samman, P.D., 562 laboratory diagnosis, 516-518 Sarin, 105 treatment, 518-519 Satyriasis, 322 genital herpes, 525-531 Scabietic mites, 172-173 clinical manifestations, 525-528 Scale, 9 laboratory diagnosis, 528-530 Scar, 11 treatment, 530-531 Schenck, Benjamin Robinson, 470 genital warts, 531-537 Schick, 302 clinical manifestations, 533-535 Schistosoma haematobium, 280 diagnosis, 535-536 Schistosoma japonicum, 280 treatment, 536-537 Schistosoma mansoni, 280 gonorrhea, 508-515 Schistosoma mekongi, 280 clinical manifestations, 508-511 Schistosoma intercalatum, 280 laboratory diagnosis, 511-513 Schistosomiasis, 280-283 treatment, 513-515 clinical manifestations, 281-282 granuloma inguinale, 519-521 diagnosis, 282 clinical manifestations, 519-520 treatment, 282-283 complications, 520-521 Schistosomulum, 281 laboratory diagnosis, 521 Scholtz, J.R., 567 treatment, 521 Schüller, 358 introduction, 494-497 Scopulariopsis (blochi) lymphogranuloma venereum, 522-525 clinical presentation, citations, 408 clinical manifestations, 522-523 Scorpions, 174-175 laboratory diagnosis, 524 , 369-371 treatment, 524-525 clinical features, 369-370 and military impact, 497-498 course and prognosis, 371 molluscum contagiosum, 537-540 differential diagnosis, 371 clinical manifestations, 537-539 epidemiology, 369 complications, 539 laboratory and histopathological features, 370-371 diagnosis, 539-540 Scrub typhus, 215, 235-237 treatment, 540 clinical findings, 236 syphilis, 498-508 control, 237 clinical manifestations, 500-503 diagnosis, 237 incidence, 499-500 differential diagnosis, 236 laboratory diagnosis, 504-506 epidemiology and vectors, 236 treatment, 506-508 laboratory findings, 236 Shaving guidelines microbiology, 235-236 for pseudofolliculitis barbae, 574 military significance, 235 Shelly, W.B., 570 treatment, 237 Shepard, Charles, 325 Scutt, R.W.B., 128 Shingles Scutula, 428 See Herpes zoster Secondary lesions, 8 Shoes Secundus, Cajus Plinius, 322 and American Revolution, 56 Seeber, Guillermo, 480 and Civil War, 56 Sennetsu fever, 215, 244 and contact dermatitis, 128-129 Septicemic plague, 298 and risk of friction , 145 Septuigent, 321 See also Clothing

613 Military Dermatology

Prince Shotokautaifa, 323 Sporotrichosis, 470-473 Siegler, 361 clinical manifestations, 470-472 Simulium blackflies clinical presentation, citations, 408 and onchocerciasis, 277 diagnosis, 472 Skin anatomy, 6-7, 144 epidemiology and distribution, 470 Skin diseases, bacterial, 291-317 history, 470 diphtheria, 301-305 treatment, 472-473 introduction, 292 Sri Lanka Lyme disease, 309-313 and rhinosporidiosis, 480 meningococcal infections, 305-308 Stark, 357 plague, 295-299 STDs pyodermas, 292-295 See Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) tularemia, 299-301 Steere, A.C., 309 Skin diseases, common, 549-595 Steroids dermatitis, atopic, 564-568 and contact dermatitis, 138-139 introduction, 550-551 Stinging insects, 168-169 lichen planus, 561-564 bees, wasps, and hornets, 168 pseudofolliculitis barbae, 573-575 fire ants, 169 psoriasis, 552-561 Storrs, Eleanor, 325 urticaria, 568-572 Stout, M., 4 viral infections, cutaneous, 575-584 Streptocerciasis, 279 Skin diseases associated with heat and humidity Streptomycin bacterial skin infections, 46 and leprosy, 346 cholinergic urticaria, 45 See also Drugs dyshidrotic eczema, 45-46 Strongyloidiasis, 272-273 erythermalgia, 47 clinical manifestations, 273 friction blisters, 47 diagnosis and treatment, 273 fungal skin infections, 46 Su-wen, 322 hypohidrosis syndrome, 44 Sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard in chemical warfare, miliaria, 41-44 90-91, 90-101, 101-104 tropical , 44-45 complications, 104 Skin diseases associated with sunlight decontamination, 101-102 erythropoietic protoporphyria, 52 pathophysiology of poisoning, 93-95 phototoxicity and photoallergy, 48, 49-50 properties, 92-93 polymorphous light eruption, 50-51 signs and symptoms, 95-101 porphyria cutanea tarda, 52 structure, 90-92 solar urticaria, 51-52 treatment, traditional, 102-103, 104 sunburn, 47-49 treatment, unconventional, 103-104 Skin Diseases in Vietnam, 1965-72, 292, 396 Sulzberger, M.B., 567 Slit-skin examination technique Sunburn, 47-49 and leprosy, 331 Sunscreens Smadel, Joseph E., 235 and contact dermatitis, 125 Smith, J.L., 63 Surgery, for cutaneous trauma, 149-154 Snakes, 179 anesthesia, 150 Socks, 145 complications, 153-154 Solar urticaria, 51-52 technique, 150-151 Soman, 105 wound dressings, 153 South Africa wound healing, 152-153 and histoplasmosis, 457 Sverdlovsk (former U.S.S.R.) South America and anthrax, 71, 84 and histoplasmosis, 457 Sylvius, 357 and lymphogranuloma venereum, 522 Synanthropy, 184 and murine typhus, 234 Syphilis, 498-508 South American trypanosomiasis, 263-265 incidence, 499-500 clinical manifestations, 264-265 clinical manifestations, 500-503 diagnosis and treatment, 265 clinical presentation, citations, 408 Soviet Union laboratory diagnosis, 504-506 and biological warfare, 71, 73 treatment, 506-508 and chemical warfare doctrine, 90 latent syphilis of unknown duration, late latent and Lyme disease, 311 syphilis, and tertiary syphilis, 508 Spalteholz, 32 primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis, 506-508 Spanish-American War Systemic lupus erythematosus, 52 and leprosy, 325 Spiders, 175-178 T black widow, 177-178 brown recluse, 176-177 Dr. Tabuchi, 70 Chiracanthium, 178 Tabun, 105 tarantulas, 178

614 Index

Tarantulas, 178 Trunk Tartars and contact dermatitis, 136 and biological warfare, 71 Trypanosomiasis Tasker, A.N., 2 African, 266-268 Telangiectasia, 11 South American, 263-265 Thailand Tsui Yen, 323 and murine typhus, 233, 234 Tuberculids, 380-384 Thalidomide erythema induratum, 380-382 and leprosy, 345 lichen scrofulosorum, 383-384 See also Drugs; Management papulonecrotic, 382-383 Thatcher, James, 22 Tuberculosis Theodoric of Cervia, 324 and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 376, Thothmes IV, 321 377, 379 Threadworm, 272 clinical presentation, citations, 408 Tiberius, 322 See also Tuberculosis, cutaneous Tick paralysis Tuberculosis, cutaneous, 355-389 and mites and ticks, 189-190 bacteriology, 363 Tick-bite alopecia classification, 364-375 and mites and ticks, 190 control, among refugees, 379-380 Tick-bite reactions diagnosis, 375-376 and mites and ticks, 190 epidemiology, 361-363 Ticks histopathology, 363-364 See Mites and ticks history, 356-361 Timorian filariasis, 275 introduction, 356 Timpe, A., 392, 394, 398 pathogenesis, 366 Tinea barbae, 428 prevention, 378-379 Tinea capitis, 426-428 treatment, 376-378 Tinea corporis, 428-430 and tuberculids, 380-384 Tinea cruris, 117, 430 See also Tuberculosis Tinea faciei, 429 Tuberculosis cutis orificialis, 371 Tinea imbricata, 429-430 clinical and diagnostic features, 371 Tinea manuum, 431 epidemiology, 371 Tinea nigra, 447-448 Tuberculosis fungosa serpiginosa, 375 Tinea pedis, 430-431 Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, 368-369 Tinea unguium, 432-433 clinical features, 368 Tompkins, E.A., 506 course and prognosis, 368 Topical drugs differential diagnosis, 368-369 and contact dermatitis, 123-125 epidemiology, 368 Training laboratory and histological features, 368 and military dermatology, 4-5, 6 Tuberculous gumma, 374-375 Travis, Richard T., 75-76 Tuberculous mastitis, 375 Trematodes, 269 Tularemia, 299-301 See also Helminthic infections in biological warfare, 84 Trench fever, 215, 237-238 clinical manifestations, 300-301 clinical findings, 238 clinical presentation, citations, 408 diagnosis and treatment, 238 diagnosis, 301 epidemiology, vectors, and host, 237-238 epidemiology, 300 microbiology, 237 etiology, 300 prevention and control, 238 treatment, 301 Trench foot, 22, 34, 57-62 Tumor, 9 Treponemal tests Tunga penetrans, 192 and false-positive reactions, 507 Tungiasis for syphilis, 505-506 and fleas, 192-193 See also Nontreponemal tests Typhus Trichinella spiralis See Endemic typhus; Epidemic typhus; Recrudescent and trichinosis, 280 typhus; Scrub typhus Trichinosis, 280 clinical manifestations, 280 U diagnosis, 280 treatment, 280 U.S. military Trichothecene toxicosis, stages, 88 and leprosy, 325-326 Tropical acne USS John Harvey, 75 and heat and humidity, 44-45 Uganda Tropical diseases and atypical mycobacterial infections, 412 See Parasitic infections, , 10 Tropical immersion foot, 64-66 Ultraviolet-B phototherapy True bugs, 161-162 in treatment of psoriasis, 560

615 Military Dermatology

United States molluscum contagiosum, 580-581 and murine typhus, 234 warts, 581-584 Unna, Paul Gerson, 32, 321, 324, 360 Virchow, 357 Urethritis Viruses and gonorrhea, 508-509 associated with hemorrhagic fevers, 199 Urticaria, 568-572 von Aue, Hartmann, 324 causes, 572 Von Behring, 302 cholinergic, 570 von Hebra, Ferdinand, 383 clinical features, 568-569 von Pirquet, Clemens, 360 contact, 134, 570 von Prowazek, Stanislaus, 229 diagnosis, 571 hereditary angioedema, 570 W from histamine-releasing agents, 570-571 Wade, 324 idiopathic, 571 Warm water immersion foot, 66 immunoglobulin E-mediated, 571 Warts, 581-584 military considerations, 572 clinical features, 581-583 physical, 569-570 diagnosis, 583 treatment, 571-572 military considerations, 584 vasculitis, 570 treatment, 583-584 V Warts, common, 581 Wasps Vaccine See Bees, wasps, and hornets against leprosy, 351 Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, 307 against meningococcal infections, 308 Weather against plague, 296 and heat loss, 26 See also Immunization Weichselbaum, 305 Valentine, 324 Weigert, 358 Valsalva, 357 West Africa Vasculitis, urticarial, 570 and yellow fever, 201 Vectors of disease, 183-196 Wheal, 9 bedbugs, 193-194 Wherry, W.B., 299-300 biting flies, 194 White piedra, 448-449 fleas, 190-193 Whitehead, 11 lice, 193 Willis, I., 65 mites and ticks, 185-190 Wilson, Erasmus, 561 Vesicant Workshop, 75 Women Vesicants, arsenical and coccidioidomycosis, 461 in chemical warfare, 101 and disseminated gonococcal infection, 510 Vesicle, 8 and gonorrhea, 509 grouped, 12 and nickel dermatitis, 126-127 Vietnam conflict and solar urticaria and atypical mycobacterial infections, 396 See also Men; Sex differences and candidosis, 438 Woodward, T.E., 309 and chancroid, 515 Woolhandler, H.W., 112 and dermatologic disease, 158 World Health Organization (WHO) and dyshidrotic eczema, 45-46 estimates on leprosy prevalence, 326 and heat injuries, 40 guidelines for treating leprosy, 344 and immersion foot, 57, 63 World War I and leprosy, 326 and biological warfare, 71 and meningococcal disease, 306 and cold injuries, 22 and military dermatology, 3-4 and dermatologic disease, 158 and murine typhus, 233 and footware, 56 and pyodermas, 292 and leprosy, 325 and schistosomiasis, 281 and meningococcal disease, 306 and sexually transmitted diseases, 497-498 and military dermatology, 2 and skin diseases, 3, 396 and mustard exposure, 95 and tuberculosis, 361 and pyodermas, 292 Vieusseaux, 305 and sexually transmitted diseases, 497 Villemin, Jean Antoine, 358 and trench foot, 23 Viral culture and tuberculosis, 360 of genital herpes, 528 and typhus, 230 Viral hemorrhagic fevers World War II See Hemorrhagic fevers, viral and biological warfare, 71 Viral infections, cutaneous, 575-584 and combat boots, 56 herpes simplex labialis, 575-577 and dermatologic disease, 158 herpes zoster, 577-580 and diphtheria, 302 military considerations, 584 and heat injuries, 40

616 Index

and hypohidrosis syndrome, 44 Wright, 257 and immersion foot, 63 Wuchereria bancrofti, 274 and leprosy, 325-326 See also Bancroftian filariasis and meningococcal disease, 306 and miliaria, 41-42 X and military dermatology, 3 Xerxes I, 321 and murine typhus, 233 and mycotoxins, 87 Y and pyodermas, 292 and relapsing fever, 188 and rickettsial diseases, 230 clinical presentation, citations, 408 and schistosomiasis, 281 Yellow fever, 200-202 and sexually transmitted diseases, 497 laboratory findings and treatment, 201-202 and topical drug overtreatment, 123 signs and symptoms, 201 and tuberculosis, 360-361 Yemen and trench foot, 23 and onchocerciasis, 277, 278 Wound contraction Yersin, 296, 302 in healing, 152 Yersinia pestis, 84, 192, 296 Wound dressings, for cutaneous trauma, 153 Yperite, 90 Wound healing, 152-153 epidermization, 152-153 Z fibroplasia and wound contraction, 152 Zaire granulation, 152 and atypical mycobacterial infections, 412 inflammation, 152 Ziehl, 358 maturation, 153 Ziemssen, v.H., 356

617