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CHAMBA RUEDA JUANA KATHERINE.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA La Universidad Católica de Loja ÁREA BIOLÓGICA TÍTULO DE INGENIERO QUÍMICO Aislamiento e identificación de metabolitos secundarios de la especie Acanthoxanthium spinosum. TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN AUTORA: Chamba Rueda, Juana Katherine. DIRECTOR: Armijos Riofrío, Chabaco Patricio, Dr LOJA – ECUADOR 2016 Esta versión digital, ha sido acreditada bajo la licencia Creative Commons 4.0, CC BY-NY- SA: Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir igual; la cual permite copiar, distribuir y comunicar públicamente la obra, mientras se reconozca la autoría original, no se utilice con fines comerciales y se permiten obras derivadas, siempre que mantenga la misma licencia al ser divulgada. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es Septiembre, 2016 APROBACIÓN DE LA DIRECTORA DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN Doctor.- Chabaco Patricio Armijos Riofrío. DOCENTE DE LA TITULACIÓN. De mi consideración El presente trabajo de titulación: Aislamiento e identificación de metabolitos secundarios de la especie Acanthoxanthium spinosum realizado por Chamba Rueda Juana Katherine ha sido orientado y revisado durante su ejecución, por cuanto se aprueba la presentación del mismo. Loja, junio de 2016 f)…………………………………….. i DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS Yo Rueda Juana Katherine declaro ser autora del presente trabajo de titulación: Aislamiento e identificación de metabolitos secundarios de la especie Acanthoxanthium spinosum, de la Titulación de Ingeniería química, siendo Chabaco Patricio Armijos Riofrío director del presente trabajo; y eximo expresamente a la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja y a sus representantes legales de posibles reclamos o acciones legales. Además certifico que las ideas, conceptos, procedimientos y resultados vertidos en el presente trabajo investigativo, son de mi exclusiva responsabilidad. Adicionalmente declaro conocer y aceptar la disposición del Art. 88 del Estatuto Orgánico de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja que en su parte pertinente textualmente dice: “Forman parte del patrimonio de la Universidad la propiedad intelectual de investigaciones, trabajos científicos o técnicos y tesis de grado o trabajos de titulación que se realicen con el apoyo financiero, académico o institucional (operativo) de la Universidad” f) _____________________________ Autor: Juana Katherine Chamba Rueda. Cédula: 1104742356 ii DEDICATORIA Con amor infinito a su presencia constante Mamá y Papá Juana Katherine iii AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco a Dios por protegerme durante todo mi camino y darme fuerzas para superar obstáculos y dificultades a lo largo de toda mi vida. A mi madre, que con su demostración de una madre ejemplar me ha enseñado a no desfallecer ni rendirme ante nada, siempre perseverar, luchar sin perder la humidad y la sencillez de ser humano que ha sembrado en mí a través de sus sabios consejos y amor infinito. A mi padre, que siempre lo he sentido presente en mi vida. Y sé que está orgulloso de la persona en la cual me he convertido. A mis hermanas por su apoyo incondicional y por demostrarme la gran fe que tienen en mí. A Erasmo y Vinicio por brindarme su apoyo, gracias infinitas por ser parte de mi familia. Mis amigos y amigas por ser la familia que yo escogí por creer en mí, por su apoyo, amor, buenos y malos momentos compartidos por eso y por muchas cosas más gracias por demostrar que aunque somos pocos somos reales. A mis formadores, personas de gran sabiduría quienes se han esforzado por ayudarme a llegar al punto en el que me encuentro. De manera especial al PhD Chabaco Armijos, gracias por su paciencia, sus ganas de compartir sus conocimientos y colaborar en la culminación en el desarrollo de mi tesis con éxito y obtener una afable titulación profesional. Juana Katherine iv ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS ........................................................ ii DEDICATORIA ................................................................................................................................... iii AGRADECIMIENTO .......................................................................................................................... iv RESUMEN............................................................................................................................................ 1 ABSTRAC ............................................................................................................................................. 2 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................. 3 CAPITULO 1…………………………………………………………………………………………...5 FIN, PROPÓSITO Y COMPONENTES DEL PROYECTO ............................................................ 5 CAPITULO 2…………………………………………………………………………………………...6 MARCO TEÓRICO.............................................................................................................................. 7 1. Antecedentes ............................................................................................................................... 8 2. Fundamento teórico .................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Familia Asteraceae ................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Especie Xanthium spinosum. .............................................................................................. 9 2.3 Taxonomía de la especie vegetal Xanthium spinosum. .............................................. 10 2.4 Perfil químico de la especie vegetal Xanthium spinosum. ......................................... 11 2.5 Actividad Biológica de la especie Xanthium spinosum. ............................................. 12 2.6 Usos tradicionales de la especie vegetal Xanthium spinosum. ................................ 15 2.7 Actividad antifúngica de la especie vegetal Xanthium spinosum. ........................... 15 2.9 Metabolitos en las plantas. ................................................................................................ 16 2.9.1 Metabolitos Primarios. ..................................................................................................... 16 2.9.2 Metabolitos Secundarios. ................................................................................................ 16 2.7.2.1 Terpenos .......................................................................................................................... 16 CAPITULO 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 19 METODOLOGÍA ................................................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Esquema general de la metodología........................................................................................ 20 3.2 Materiales y métodos. ................................................................................................................ 21 3.2.1 Materia vegetal ................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Secado del material vegetal ............................................................................................ 21 3.2.3 Molienda .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.4 Maceración .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.5 Eliminación del solvente .................................................................................................. 21 3.2.6 Selección de los extractos ............................................................................................. 22 3.3 Aislamiento y purificación .......................................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Cromatografía en columna (CC) .................................................................................... 22 v 3.3.2 Cromatografía de capa fina (CCF) ................................................................................. 23 3.4 Unión y purificación de fracciones ............................................................................................ 23 3.5 Caracterización química ............................................................................................................ 23 3.5.1 Punto de fusión .................................................................................................................. 23 3.5.2 Factor de retención ........................................................................................................... 24 3.6 Elucidación e identificación de los compuestos aislados. ..................................................... 24 3.6.1 Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) ......................................................................... 25 3.6.2 Cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectroscopía de masas (GC-EM) ........... 25 CAPITULO 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 26 RESULTADOS................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Rendimiento de los extractos obtenidos ............................................................................
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