DOCSLIB.ORG

Eye on the Industry 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eye on the Industry 2016 Eye on the Industry Spring 2016 Edition Smoking and Health Action Foundation/ Non-Smokers’ Rights Association Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Main Tobacco Companies in Canada ............................................................................................................ 3 Key Canadian Tobacco Market Indicators .................................................................................................... 4 Issues Facing the Industry in Canada ............................................................................................................ 7 Plain & standardized packaging ................................................................................................................ 7 Pack-based promotion stronger than ever ........................................................................................... 7 Canada moves forward ......................................................................................................................... 9 Flavour bans ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Quebec bans payments to retailers ........................................................................................................ 11 Minimum warning size in Quebec .......................................................................................................... 11 Litigation ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Tobacco taxes.......................................................................................................................................... 14 E-cigarettes ............................................................................................................................................. 15 The Canadian market .......................................................................................................................... 15 The regulatory environment ............................................................................................................... 16 Industry tactics ............................................................................................................................................ 17 Litigation ................................................................................................................................................. 17 Use of front groups ................................................................................................................................. 18 Next generation products ....................................................................................................................... 19 Corporate social responsibility: science and scientific collaboration ..................................................... 21 Scientific collaboration and FCTC Article 5.3 ...................................................................................... 22 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Smoking and Health Action Foundation Page 2 Introduction This is NSRA/SHAF’s last full length tobacco industry backgrounder document; later this spring the first in a series of tobacco industry bulletins will be published. This document, aimed at policy makers and public health intermediaries, provides an overview of the tobacco industry in Canada and its multi- national parent companies, issues facing the industry in the form of legislation and regulation, and strategies employed by Big Tobacco to address them, such as litigation and appeals. Of particular note is plain and standardized packaging, which was explicitly included in Prime Minister Trudeau’s 2015 mandate letter to the federal Minister of Health. As well, a recent ban on manufacturer payments to retailers and a new minimum size for graphic health warnings on cigarette and little cigar packages in Quebec have set a new bar in Canada for provincial legislation. Main Tobacco Companies in Canada Imperial Tobacco Canada Limited - www.imperialtobaccocanada.com Largest tobacco company: 49% market share in 2015 President and CEO: Jorge Araya since December 2014 Head office: Montreal Manufacturing plant: Monterrey, Mexico Fully owned by British American Tobacco (BAT) since 2000 BAT’s global profits increased 0.2% in 2015 to approximately $8.68 billion CAD Most popular brands in Canada: du Maurier, Player’s, Peter Jackson and Matinée Rothmans, Benson & Hedges - www.pmi.com Second largest tobacco company: 37.3% market share in 2015 Managing Director: Mindaugas Trumpaitis since 2013 Head office: Toronto Manufacturing plants: Quebec City and Brampton Fully owned by Philip Morris International (PMI) since 2008 PMI’s global net earnings decreased 8% in 2015 to approximately $9.13 billion CAD Most popular brands in Canada are Canadian Classics, Next, Number 7 and Belmont JTI-Macdonald - www.jti.com Third largest tobacco company: 13.1% market share in 2015 Regional President, Americas: Marchant Kuys since 2016 Head office: Mississauga Manufacturing plant: Montreal Fully owned by Japan Tobacco International (JTI) since 1999 JTI’s global profits decreased 5.2% in 2015 to approximately $7.32 billion CAD Most popular Canadian brands are Export A and Macdonald Smoking and Health Action Foundation Page 3 Grand River Enterprises (no website) Canada’s largest native tobacco manufacturer CEO: Jerry Montour Head office: Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve near Brantford Wholly native owned - financial information not publicly available Canadian brands: Sago, Putters, DK's and Golden Leaf Casa Cubana Spike Marks Inc. (www.casacubana.ca) Privately owned and operated: distributor of pipe tobacco, cigars and cigarillos Head office: Montreal Established in 1998 National Smokeless Tobacco Company Ltd. (www.nstco.ca) Largest distributor of smokeless tobacco products in Canada Marginal share of the Canadian tobacco market Head office: Montreal Popular brands: Skoal and Copenhagen Key Canadian Tobacco Market Indicators Cigarette Smoking Prevalence in Canada, age 12+ 27% 25.9% Among the 25% 23.0% 22.0% population as a 23% 21.8% 21.4% 20.8% whole, smoking 21% 20.0% 19.9%20.3% 19.3% prevalence in 19% 18.1% Canada has never 17% been lower. 15% Source: Canadian Community Health Survey Smoking and Health Action Foundation Page 4 Cigarette Sales in Canada (in billions) 45 43.4 42.1 40 37.6 The increase in legal 35.8 34.6 sales after 2008 is 35 33 31.7 31.1 31.3 31.5 related to better 30.2 29.5 28.7 28.6 contraband control 30 27.6 measures and 25 increased enforcement 20 activities. Source: Health Canada Cigarette Smoking Prevalence in Provinces and Territories, 2014 (age 12+) 70% 62.0% 60% The province with 50% the lowest smoking 40% 33.3% prevalence is still 30% 26.2% British Columbia, 20.9% 22.1% 21.7% 19.0% 20.5% 19.6% 19.7% 16.3% 17.4% followed by 20% 14.3% Manitoba and 10% Ontario. 0% BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU Source: Canadian Community Health Survey Tax Revenues in Billions (No GST and PST or HST) Federal Prov & Terr 8 7 Government tax 6 4.98 revenues have been 4.68 4.91 4.66 4.65 5 4.39 4.30 4.30 4.16 4.05 increasing in 4 response to tighter 3 controls on 2 contraband and in 3.27 2.77 2.66 2.63 3.01 2.92 2.75 2.98 some cases tax 1 2.49 2.53 hikes. 0 Source: Government Budgets and Public Accounts Smoking and Health Action Foundation Page 5 Market Share in Canada Premium Mid-priced Economy 100% 90% 33.0% 80% 37.7% 40.5% 41.3% 42.8% 41.8% 41.7% Sales of premium 70% brands have been 60% decreasing in favour of 50% 24.7% 35.0% 24.7% 25.2% 25% 26.0% 26.1% more affordable mid- 40% priced and economy 30% brands. 20% 37.6% 34.8% 33.5% 32.2% 32.2% 32.3% 32.0% 10% 0% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Euromonitor International Cigarette Brand Share, 2014 (14 brands = 94.8% of total market) 22% 19.0% ITL Canada’s top 3 20% 18% 15.7% RBH cigarette brands—du 16% Maurier, Player’s and 14% 11.0% JTI-M 12% 10.7%10.6% Peter Jackson—are all 10% owned by Imperial 8% 6.4% Tobacco Canada; 6% 4.0% 3.9% 3.1% 2.9% 4% 2.4% 2.3% 2.0% together they 2% 0.8% represent 45.7% of the 0% market. Source: Euromonitor International Market Share in Canada ITL RBH JTI-M Others 1.4% 1.8% 1.3% 1.3% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 11.9% 12.0% 12.2% 90% 13.8% 12.9% 13.9% 13.8% 14.6% 13.1% 80% RBH’s 5 percentage 70% 32.2% 33.4% 33.8% 33.3% 34.1% 36.9% 37.2% 37.6% 37.3% point increase in 60% market share over the 50% last 8 years reflects its 40% 30% aggressive move into 52.6% 51.9% 51.0% 51.6% 50.4% 51.2% 50.8% 50.2% 49.6% 20% the discount market. 10% 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: Citi Group and company financial reports Smoking and Health Action Foundation Page 6 Estimates of the Contraband Market in Canada 30% To divert attention 24.8% from other issues, the 25% 22.8% National Coalition 20.5% 20.0% 20% 18.6% 17.7% 17.5% 18.5% Against Contraband Tobacco, an industry 15% front group, often 10% portrays the contraband market as 5% much larger than it 0% actually is. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Euromonitor International Issues Facing the Industry in Canada Canada is one of the most regulated tobacco markets
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transnational Tobacco Companies in Indonesia
    The Indonesia Tobacco Market: Foreign Tobacco Company Growth Indonesia is the world’s third largest cigarette market by volume (excluding China) and there are approximately 57 million smokers in the country.2-3 According to one tobacco company, the Indonesia tobacco market consisting of hand-rolled kreteks, machine-rolled kreteks and white cigarettes was 270 billion sticks with a profit pool of RP 26.5 trillion ($2.95 billion USD) in 2010, an increase of 18% since 2007.1 Additionally, Indonesia’s cigarette retail volume and value are predicted to continue to grow consistently over the next five years.2 Indonesia’s growing cigarette market, large population, high smoking prevalence among men, and highly unregulated market, make the country an attractive business opportunity for international tobacco companies attempting to make up for falling profits in developed markets like the United States and Australia. The powerful presence and nature of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) in Indonesia Source: BAT investor presentation1 increases the threat of the tobacco industry to public health because the companies’ competitive efforts to reach young consumers and female smokers ultimately increase smoking prevalence in markets where they operate. 4 Since 2005, the Indonesian market has shifted from being solely dominated by local manufacturers to a market where the number one, four and six spots are controlled by TTCs: Philip Morris International-owned Sampoerna, British American Tobacco-owned Bentoel, and KT&G-owned Trisakti respectively. In 2010, the combined market share of these three companies made up almost 40% of the Indonesian market.2 Leading local tobacco companies include Gudang Garam (number two), Djarum (number three) and Najorono Tobacco Indonesia (number five).
    [Show full text]
  • The Inventory of the Joan Fontaine Collection #570
    The Inventory of the Joan Fontaine Collection #570 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center TABLE OF CONTENTS Film and Video 1 Audio 3 Printed Material 5 Professional Material 10 Correspondence 13 Financial Material 50 Manuscripts 50 Photographs 51 Personal Memorabilia 65 Scrapbooks 67 Fontaine, Joan #570 Box 1 No Folder I. Film and Video. A. Video cassettes, all VHS format except where noted. In date order. 1. "No More Ladies," 1935; "Tell Me the Truth" [1 tape]. 2. "No More Ladies," 1935; "The Man Who Found Himself," 1937; "Maid's Night Out," 1938; "The Selznick Years," 1969 [1 tape]. 3. "Music for Madam," 1937; "Sky Giant," 1938; "Maid's Night Out," 1938 [1 tape]. 4. "Quality Street," 1937. 5. "A Damsel in Distress," 1937, 2 copies. 6. "The Man Who Found Himself," 1937. 7. "Maid's Night Out," 1938. 8. "The Duke ofWestpoint," 1938. 9. "Gunga Din," 1939, 2 copies. 10. "The Women," 1939, 3 copies [4 tapes; 1 version split over two tapes.] 11. "Rebecca," 1940, 3 copies. 12. "Suspicion," 1941, 4 copies. 13. "This Above All," 1942, 2 copies. 14. "The Constant Nymph," 1943. 15. "Frenchman's Creek," 1944. 16. "Jane Eyre," 1944, 3 copies. 2 Box 1 cont'd. 17. "Ivy," 1947, 2 copies. 18. "You Gotta Stay Happy," 1948. 19. "Kiss the Blood Off of My Hands," 1948. 20. "The Emperor Waltz," 1948. 21. "September Affair," 1950, 3 copies. 22. "Born to be Bad," 1950. 23. "Ivanhoe," 1952, 2 copies. 24. "The Bigamist," 1953, 2 copies. 25. "Decameron Nights," 1952, 2 copies. 26. "Casanova's Big Night," 1954, 2 copies.
    [Show full text]
  • Tabak Und Zigaretten Der Vegan News-‐Einkaufsguide
    Tabak und Zigaretten Der Vegan News-Einkaufsguide VEGAN* Imperial Tobacco Quelle: www.imperial-tobacco.at/component/itrfile/?view=download&id=209 Davidoff JPS Drum R1 Ernte 23 Rizla Gauloises Route 66 Gauloises Brunes Stuyvesant Gitanes Van Nelle Golden Virginia West Von-Eicken Quelle: http://www.von-eicken.com/de/umweltschutz/ Allure Dockers Burton Manitou Organic Denim Pepe Dimitrinos St. Pauli Pöschl Tabak Quelle: E-Mail Anfrage Black Hawk Manila Bounty Pontiac Brookfield Pueblo Holland Art Red Bull JBR Turner *Vegan in Zusammenhang mit Zigaretten/Tabak meint an dieser Stelle, dass in den Produkten keine tierischen Inhaltsstoffe vorhanden sind sowie seitens des Unternehmens keine TierversuChe durChgeführt werden. Vegan News Stand: 31. Dezember 2015 NICHT FÜR VEGANER GEEIGNET Lorillard Tobacco Kent Old Gold Maverick Satin Max True Newport R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Barclay Monarch Belair More Capri Natural American Spirit Carlton Now Doral Salem Eclipse Tareyton GPC Vantage Kool Viceroy Misty Philip Morris Accord Diana Number 7 Alpine Dji Sam Soe Optima Apollo-Soyuz Eve Papastratos Assos English Ovals Parisienne Jaune Basic f6 Parliament Belmont Fajrant Peter Jackson Best Fortune Petra Bond Street Hope Philip Morris Boston Juwel Players Bristol Karo Polyot Bucks L&M Red & White Cambridge Lark Sampoerna A Canadian Classics Longbeach Saratoga Chesterfield Marlboro SG Classic Merit Sparta Collector’s Choice Moven Gold Start Commander Multi DeLuxe U Mild Daves Multifilter Vatra Delicados Muratti Virginia Slims Vegan News Stand: 31. Dezember 2015 British American Tobacco Dunhill Prince Fair Play Samson HB Schwarzer Krauser Javaanse Jongens Vogue Lord Vype (E-Zigarette) Lucky Strike Westpoint Pall Mall Japan Tobacco International Benson & Hedges Nil Camel Old Holborn Club Overstolz Coronas Peter I Ducat Reyno Export 'A' Ronson Glamour Russian Style M Salem Magna Silk Cut Mayfair Sobranie Memphis Sovereign Mi Ne St George Mild Seven Tawa Mercedes de Luxe Troika Monte Carlo Winston More Winchester Vegan News Stand: 31.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Labelling -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws
    Council Directive 89/622/EC concerning the labelling of tobacco products, as amended TAR AND NICOTINE CONTENTS OF THE CIGARETTES SOLD ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET AUSTRIA Brand Tar Yield Nicotine Yield Mg. Mg. List 1 A3 14.0 0.8 A3 Filter 11.0 0.6 Belvedere 11.0 0.8 Camel Filters 14.0 1.1 Camel Filters 100 13.0 1.1 Camel Lights 8.0 0.7 Casablanca 6.0 0.6 Casablanca Ultra 2.0 0.2 Corso 4.0 0.4 Da Capo 9.0 0.4 Dames 9.0 0.6 Dames Filter Box 9.0 0.6 Ernte 23 13.0 0.8 Falk 5.0 0.4 Flirt 14.0 0.9 Flirt Filter 11.0 0.6 Golden Smart 12.0 0.8 HB 13.0 0.9 HB 100 14.0 1.0 Hobby 11.0 0.8 Hobby Box 11.0 0.8 Hobby Extra 11.0 0.8 Johnny Filter 11.0 0.9 Jonny 14.0 1.0 Kent 10.0 0.8 Kim 8.0 0.6 Kim Superlights 4.0 0.4 Lord Extra 8.0 0.6 Lucky Strike 13.0 1.0 Lucky Strike Lights 9.0 0.7 Marlboro 13.0 0.9 Marlboro 100 14.0 1.0 Marlboro Lights 7.0 0.6 Malboro Medium 9.0 0.7 Maverick 11.0 0.8 Memphis Classic 11.0 0.8 Memphis Blue 12.0 0.8 Memphis International 13.0 1.0 Memphis International 100 14.0 1.0 Memphis Lights 7.0 0.6 Memphis Lights 100 9.0 0.7 Memphis Medium 9.0 0.6 Memphis Menthol 7.0 0.5 Men 11.0 0.9 Men Light 5.0 0.5 Milde Sorte 8.0 0.5 Milde Sorte 1 1.0 0.1 Milde Sorte 100 9.0 0.5 Milde Sorte Super 6.0 0.3 Milde Sorte Ultra 4.0 0.4 Parisienne Mild 8.0 0.7 Parisienne Super 11.0 0.9 Peter Stuyvesant 12.0 0.8 Philip Morris Super Lights 4.0 0.4 Ronson 13.0 1.1 Smart Export 10.0 0.8 Treff 14.0 0.9 Trend 5.0 0.2 Trussardi Light 100 6.0 0.5 United E 12.0 0.9 Winston 13.0 0.9 York 9.0 0.7 List 2 Auslese de luxe 1.0 0.1 Benson & Hedges 12.0 1.0 Camel 15.0 1.0
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Our Business
    Transforming our business A cigarette manufacturing line (on the left-hand side) and a heated tobacco unit manufacturing line (on the right-hand side) at our factory in Neuchâtel, Switzerland Replacing cigarettes with While several attempts have been made to develop better alternatives to smoking, smoke-free products drawbacks in the technological capability of these products and a lack of consumer In 2017, PMI manufactured and shipped acceptance rendered them unsuccessful. 791 billion cigarettes and other Recent advances in science and combustible tobacco products and technology have made it possible to 36 billion smoke‑free products, reaching develop innovative products that approximately 150 million adult consumers consumers accept and that are less in more than 180 countries. harmful alternatives to continued smoking. Smoking cigarettes causes serious PMI has developed a portfolio of disease. Smokers are far more likely smoke‑free products, including heated Contribution of Smoke-Free than non‑smokers to get heart disease, tobacco products and nicotine‑containing Products to PMI’s Total lung cancer, emphysema, and other e‑vapor products that have the potential diseases. Smoking is addictive, and it Net Revenues to significantly reduce individual risk and 13% can be very difficult to stop. population harm compared to cigarettes. The best way to avoid the harms of Many stakeholders have asked us about smoking is never to start, or to quit. the role of these innovative smoke‑free But much more can be done to improve products in the context of our business the health and quality of life of those vision. Are these products an extension of who continue to use nicotine products, our cigarette product portfolio? Are they through science and innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1. Categorization of Cigarette Brands As Either Premium Or Discount
    Appendix 1. Categorization of Cigarette Brands as either Premium or Discount Category Name of Cigarette Brand Premium Accord, American Spirit, Barclay, Belair, Benson & Hedges, Camel, Capri, Carlton, Chesterfield, Davidoff, Du Maurier, Dunhill, Dunhill International, Eve, Kent, Kool, L&M, Lark, Lucky Strike, Marlboro, Max, Merit, Mild Seven, More, Nat Sherman, Newport, Now, Parliament, Players, Quest, Rothman’s, Salem, Sampoerna, Saratoga, Tareyton, True, Vantage, Virginia Slims, Winston, Raleigh, Business Club Full Flavor, Ronhill, Dreams Discount 24/7, 305, 1839, A1, Ace, Allstar, Allway Save, Alpine, American, American Diamond, American Hero, American Liberty, Arrow, Austin, Axis, Baileys, Bargain Buy, Baron, Basic, Beacon, Berkeley, Best Value, Black Hawk, Bonus Value, Boston, Bracar, Brand X, Brave, Brentwood, Bridgeport, Bronco, Bronson, Bucks, Buffalo, BV, Calon, Cambridge, Campton, Cannon, Cardinal, Carnival, Cavalier, Champion, Charter, Checkers, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Cimarron, Circle Z, Class A, Classic, Cobra, Complete, Corona, Courier, CT, Decade, Desert Gold, Desert Sun, Discount, Doral, Double Diamond, DTC, Durant, Eagle, Echo, Edgefield, Epic, Esquire, Euro, Exact, Exeter, First Choice, First Class, Focus, Fortuna, Galaxy Pro, Gauloises, Generals, Generic/Private Label, Geronimo, Gold Coast, Gold Crest, Golden Bay, Golden, Golden Beach, Golden Palace, GP, GPC, Grand, Grand Prix, G Smoke, GT Ones, Hava Club, HB, Heron, Highway, Hi-Val, Jacks, Jade, Kentucky Best, King Mountain, Kingsley, Kingston, Kingsport, Knife, Knights,
    [Show full text]
  • B a U M a N R a R E B O O
    B A U M A N R A R E B O O K S Holiday 2020 BaumanRareBooks.com 1-800-97-BAUMAN (1-800-972-2862) or 212-751-0011 [email protected] New York 535 Madison Avenue (Between 54th & 55th Streets) New York, NY 10022 800-972-2862 or 212-751-0011 Mon-Fri: 10am to 5pm and by appointment Las Vegas Grand Canal Shoppes The Venetian | The Palazzo 3327 Las Vegas Blvd., South, Suite 2856 Las Vegas, NV 89109 888-982-2862 or 702-948-1617 Mon-Sat: 11am to 7pm; Sun: 12pm to 6pm Philadelphia 1608 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 215-546-6466 | (fax) 215-546-9064 by appointment ALL BOOKS ARE SHIPPED ON APPROVAL AND ARE FULLY GUARANTEED. Any items may be returned within ten days for any reason (please notify us before returning). All reimbursements are limited to original purchase price. We accept all major credit cards. Shipping and insurance charges are additional. Packages will be shipped by UPS or Federal Express unless another carrier is requested. Next-day or second-day air service is available upon request. WWW.BAUMANRAREBOOKS.COM TWITTER.COM/BAUMANRAREBOOKS FACEBOOK.COM/BAUMANRAREBOOKS Cover image from Lithographs of Marc Chagall. On this page: Item no. 35. Table of Contents 4 10 37 48 52 61 68 74 Featured Items 4 History 61 Literature 10 Science & Medicine 68 Art & Illustration 37 Holiday Gifts 74 Religion 48 Index 99 Americana 52 F Featured Items “In The Future Days, Which We Seek To Make e Secure, We Look Forward To A World Founded Upon Four Essential Human Freedoms…” a t 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Remarks by Jeanne Pollès President, Latin America & Canada Region Philip Morris International Inc
    Remarks by Jeanne Pollès President, Latin America & Canada Region Philip Morris International Inc. Investor Day Lausanne, September 29, 2016 (SLIDE 1.) Thank you Nick. Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. I am very pleased to share with you the strong results of PMI’s Latin America & Canada Region and our solid prospects for continued growth. (SLIDE 2.) I will first give you a brief overview of the Region and our volume, share and financial performance. Next, I will outline our main Regional strategies that should enable us to grow our share of market. They should also position the Region to target annual currency-neutral adjusted OCI growth, excluding RRPs, in the high single-digits over the mid to long-term. I will then cover our top markets and finally, following my closing remarks, I will gladly take your questions. (SLIDE 3.) We are the second largest competitor in the Region with a 2015 cigarette market share of 38.9%, up by 0.9 points versus 2013. We are closing the gap with our main competitor. We are present in 44 markets, employ more than 11,000 people and operate ten cigarette manufacturing facilities. Our business and financial performance have been exceptional, generating double- digit adjusted OCI growth, excluding currency, over the past four years, as well as strong cigarette market share growth. These results have been achieved despite the challenging political and economic environment which has resulted in a high degree of instability and unpredictability in many countries, mainly due to fiscal deficits. We also face high inflation, especially in Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela, combined with a currency devaluation against the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Capoeirana Emerald Deposit Near Nova Era, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    THE CAPOEIRANA EMERALD DEPOSIT NEAR NOVA ERA, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL By David Stanley Epstein In 1988, a significant find of emeralds ome of the earliest expeditions by Portuguese explorers was made at Capoeirana, near Nova Era, Sinto the interior of 16th-century Brazil were in search in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Hun­ of green "precious stones" believed to be emeralds (Proctor, dreds of kilograms of potentially gem­ 1984). Yet Brazil did not actually become a major producer quality material have been removed since of emeralds until the 1960s (Cassedanne, 1985; Hanni et the first pieces were discovered in July al., 1987). One important deposit, the Belmont mine, was 1988. The nature of the biotite schist with discovered in 1978 near the town of Itabira in Minas which the emerald is associated and the gemological properties of the Capoeitana Gerais. In late 1988, a new source of emeralds was found in emeralds indicate that this occurrence is the mineral-rich Nova Era area of Minas Gerais, only about related to the ltabita (Belmont mine) em­ 10 km southeast of the Belmont mine and 20 km south­ erald site, only 10 Ion away west of the recently discovered Hematita alexandrite deposit (Proctor, 1988). The emeralds produced at this site, known as Capoeirana, range from medium to large and show good crystallization and color (figure 1). This article describes the discovery of the site, the geology and mining activities, production, nature of the emeralds, and their gemological properties. LOCATION AND ACCESS The current diggings lie about 43°1' west, 19°45' south, at ABOUT THE AUTHOR an altitude of 700 m above sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Standardized Cigarette Packaging Among Young Women in Canada: a Discrete Choice Experiment
    The impact of standardized cigarette packaging among young women in Canada: A discrete choice experiment by Kathy Kotnowski A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Health Studies and Gerontology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Kathy Kotnowski 2013 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Cigarette packaging is the most prominent form of tobacco promotion in Canada. Tobacco companies are increasingly selling cigarettes in innovative packaging, including the use of slim and super-slim “lipstick” sizes that are primarily marketed towards females. Australia is currently the only country that regulates the shape and size of cigarette packaging. The current study examined the relative importance of five cigarette packaging attributes—pack shape (e.g., “slims”) , brand, plain packaging, warning label size, and price—on perceptions of product taste, harm, and interest in trying, among young women in Canada. A discrete choice experiment was conducted online with smoking (n=211) and non- smoking (n=292) females, aged 16 to 24, recruited from a commercial sample. Respondents were shown 8 choice sets, each containing four packs displaying different combinations of the attributes: pack structure (slim, lipstick, booklet, standard); brand ( ‘Vogue’, ‘du Maurier’); branding (branded, plain); warning label size (50%, 75%); and price ($8.45, $10.45). For each choice set, respondents chose the brand that they: 1) would rather try, 2) would taste better, 3) would be less harmful, or “none”.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Annual Report
    Philip Morris International 2016 Annual Report THIS CHANGES EVERYTHING 2016 Philip Morris Annual Report_LCC/ANC Review Copy February 22 - Layout 2 We’ve built the world’s most successful cigarette company with the world’s most popular and iconic brands. Now we’ve made a dramatic decision. We’ve started building PMI’s future on breakthrough smoke-free products that are a much better choice than cigarette smoking. We’re investing to make these products the Philip Morris icons of the future. In these changing times, we’ve set a new course for the company. We’re going to lead a full-scale effort to ensure that smoke- free products replace cigarettes to the benefit of adult smokers, society, our company and our shareholders. Reduced-Risk Products - Our Product Platforms Heated Tobacco Products Products Without Tobacco Platform Platform 1 3 IQOS, using the consumables Platform 3 is based on HeatSticks or HEETS, acquired technology that features an electronic holder uses a chemical process to that heats tobacco rather Platform create a nicotine-containing than burning it, thereby 2 vapor. We are exploring two Platform creating a nicotine-containing routes for this platform: one 4 vapor with significantly fewer TEEPS uses a pressed with electronics and one harmful toxicants compared to carbon heat source that, once without. A city launch of the Products under this platform cigarette smoke. ignited, heats the tobacco product is planned in 2017. are e-vapor products – without burning it, to generate battery-powered devices a nicotine-containing vapor that produce an aerosol by with a reduction in harmful vaporizing a nicotine solution.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Annual Report About PMI
    2009 Annual Report About PMI Philip Morris International Inc. (PMI) is the leading inter- Contents 2 Highlights national tobacco company, with seven of the world’s top 3 Letter to Shareholders 15 brands, including Marlboro, the number one cigarette 6 2009 Business Highlights 8 Profitable Growth Through brand worldwide. PMI has more than 77,000 employees Innovation 16 Responsibility and its products are sold in approximately 160 coun- 17 Board of Directors/ tries. In 2009, the company held an estimated 15.4% Company Management 18 Financial Review share of the total international cigarette market outside 85 Comparison of Cumulative of the U.S., or 26.0% excluding the People’s Republic of Total Return 86 Reconciliation of China and the U.S. Non-GAAP Measures 88 Shareholder Information Highlights n Full-Year Reported Diluted Earnings per Share of $3.24 versus $3.31 in 2008 n Full-Year Reported Diluted Earnings per Share excluding currency of $3.77, up 13.9% n Full-Year Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share of $3.29 versus $3.31 in 2008 n Full-Year Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share excluding currency of $3.82, up 15.4% n During 2009, PMI repurchased 129.7 million shares of its common stock for $5.5 billion n PMI increased its regular quarterly dividend during 2009 by 7.4%, to an annualized rate of $2.32 per share n In July 2009, PMI announced an agreement to purchase the Colombian cigarette manufacturer, Productora Tabacalera de Colombia, Protabaco Ltda., for $452 million n In September 2009, PMI acquired Swedish Match South Africa (Proprietary) Limited, for approximately $256 million n In February 2010, PMI announced a new share repurchase program of $12 billion over 3 years n In February 2010, PMI announced the creation of a new company in the Philippines resulting from the unification of the business operations of Fortune Tobacco Corporation and Philip Morris Philippines Manufacturing Inc.
    [Show full text]