DOCSLIB.ORG

Perception and Practice of Organic Farming Among Secondary School Teachers in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Perception and Practice of Organic Farming Among Secondary School Teachers in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 20(4): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32558 ISSN: 2231-0843, NLM ID: 101664541 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Perception and Practice of Organic Farming among Secondary School Teachers in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria A. G. Iyagba 1* and C. B. Ekpete 1 1Department of Agricultural Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between the both authors. Author AGI designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed the literature searches. Author CBE carried out the field work and managed the analyses of the study. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558 Editor(s): (1) Ahmed Fawzy Yousef, Geology Department, Desert Research Center, Egypt. Reviewers: (1) M. H. Shankara, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. (2) Constantino Pedzisai, Institute of Lifelong Learning and Development Studies, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/18821 Received 1 st March 2017 Accepted 6th April 2017 Original Research Article th Published 27 April 2017 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and practice of Organic Farming (OF) by secondary school Agricultural Science teachers in Ahoada East Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive design with a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Ten out of the seventeen secondary schools in the Local Government Area were randomly selected and eight questionnaires per school were administered to the secondary school Agricultural Science teachers. The results indicated that majority (72.5%) of the teachers have been in the teaching profession for less than 10 years and most of them grew up in the semi urban/ urban setting, 40% aware of OF, 10% and 52.5% of the respondents agreed having high and moderate perception of OF respectively and seldom practice it. A greater percentage (85.9%) of the teachers agreed to practice OF, most planted crop in the schools is cassava (38.8%), majorly practiced intercropping and 31.2% of the respondents unwilling to inform their co-teachers of the benefits of OF. The respondents also accepted the need for elaborate knowledge and in-service training on OF, inadequate Agricultural Science curriculum to teach OF as well as better facilities and teaching methods. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Iyagba and Ekpete; BJAST, 20(4): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32558 Keywords: Ahoada; organic farming; perception; practice; secondary school teachers; sustainable agriculture. 1. INTRODUCTION researchers and educators are not bordered about sustainable matters [7]. For sustainability Nigeria is one of the nations endowed with to be achieved there is need to encourage natural resources with a total area of 923,768 sq agricultural research, extension and education km of which 78% as at 2011 was used for programmes [8]. It has been observed that the agricultural purposes [1]. This vast land is fertile relevance of sustainable agriculture must be and cannot be allowed to remain fallow. Five clear to teachers who are the major players in reasons have been stated why farming in Nigeria the development of agricultural education cannot fail [2]. Those he asserted were: curriculum [4]. i. The country has a large population of over In Nigeria, agriculture is known as a core 170 million people which is more than curriculum subject. Part of the philosophy of twice the population of Zimbabwe and agriculture in schools is the improvement of the South Africa together and therefore has rural environment by raising the living standard of enough labour for farming. the community and producing food which are ii. The populace depends on staple food of health benefits [9]. The West African produced from farms in Nigeria and a Examination Council stated that among others greater proportion of Nigerians buy their the objectives of Agriculture at the Senior farm produce from the market. Secondary School level is to train students iii. The Government is focusing on food acquire basic knowledge and skills in agriculture production by assisting interested farmers and prepare students for occupation in to reduce food importation. agriculture [10]. This can be achieved with the iv. The Nigerian people like merriment more availability of qualified agricultural science than other African countries and the foods teachers, adequate classrooms, agricultural used for such celebrations can feed four laboratory and school farms [11]. Researchers other African countries. have stated the importance of school farms in v. When the country attains its full potential in Nigeria [12,13]. Some of these according to them farming, it becomes a great foreign are as a source of income to the school, transfer currency earner than what it is now. of knowledge, develop skills in students, changes in the students’ view of the environment, receive Food production for several decades before now greater personal association with the in the country was the mainstay of the country’s environment, stimulate student’s interest in economic growth which was used to establish farming and a laboratory for research. This is the first-generation Universities. Traditional further buttressed by other workers [11] who agriculture was then practiced but there has recorded the social benefits of school farms in been a shift to conventional agriculture. Rivers State, Nigeria as it enables it to develop However, agriculture has become more their farming skills, assist the students to have a technological, efficient and specialised and this good background to become future agriculturist, will necessitate adoption of new ideas especially appreciate the profitability of farming within at the formative stages of secondary school available technology among others. There is the students [3]. Conventional agriculture is not idea that school prepares the individuals for environmentally friendly which requires highly employment hoping to solve all public and private specialised systems with emphasis on high dilemmas and this has led to secondary schools yields achieved due to the inputs and other off- and Universities focusing on occupational farm purchases [4]. This author opined that it is preparation [14]. There are cases where some of these perceptions that are pushing the practice these students come from farming communities of conventional farming globally. Sustainable where they practice traditional agriculture and agriculture is still new in Nigeria and as such these students have high expectation of modern must be pursued vigorously to enhance food agriculture which are not met due to the absence production [5]. Sustainable agriculture is a of school farms [15]. On the other hand, e also system that takes into cognizance the major observed that students schooling in the urban needs of the present dwellers and preserves the areas lacked knowledge of agriculture and see resources for the next generation [6]. It was their involvement in agriculture as a drudgery noted that it is not easy to implement it as and unclean activity/vocation. School farms 2 Iyagba and Ekpete; BJAST, 20(4): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32558 should therefore be properly equipped with farm degree of the knowledge and skills on implements/tools, constant provision of farm sustainable agriculture that were taught by inputs and adequate space for crops and teachers in the North Central region of the United livestock to be managed under the guidance of States of America [3]. The work revealed that the the teachers [16]. It was noted that in Rivers agricultural science teachers agreed on teaching State most of the school farms lacked necessary sustainable agriculture but need adequate farm structures and implements while in some information and instructional materials on cases these facilities are in total disrepair leading sustainable agriculture and inclusion of to the total neglect of the school farm [15]. Since sustainable agriculture in the curriculum. A these students are expected to transfer research was undertaken to analyse the knowledge to their parents/guardians especially awareness and perceptions of Home Economics those from farming communities, it is worthwhile secondary school teachers and students on that they learn new technological innovations of organic farming methods and organic food in which organic farming is one. This is why the Malta [21]. The work showed that knowledge teachers need to be well informed to practice about organic farming was still very vague in the organic farming. The most important function of schools and could not remember the information the agricultural science teachers is to assist the accurately on organic farming for a long time. students learn knowledge and skill in agriculture. The teacher should have adequate technical Ahoada East Local Government Area (AELGA) is knowledge and skills in transmitting agricultural one of the 23 Local Government Areas making innovations. up Rivers State, Nigeria and is blessed with large expanse of land suitable for agriculture and has Only few tertiary institutions in Nigeria are into several secondary schools.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • T Emohua Local Government Area Is One of the Four Local Government Areas That Make up the Ethnic Nationality of Ikwerre in Rivers State, Nigeria
    Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol 2, No.8, 2012 The Implications of Youth Restiveness on the Socio -Economic Development of Ikwerre Nation of Rivers State: the Case of Emohua Local Government Area Solomon A. Ikunga Department of History and Diplomatic Studies , Ignatius Ajuru University of Education , Rumuoluemeni Port Harcourt. Rivers State Abstract Emohua Local Government Area is one of the four local government areas that make up the ethnic nationality of Ikwerre in Rivers state, Nigeria. Others are Obio/Akpor, Port Harc ourt and Ikwerre local governments. Ikwerre is within the wetland of Niger Delta sufficiently endowed with human resources, natural resources, such as forest resources, energy and water resources. Since after the Nigerian civil war, in 1970, the natural re sources located in Ikwerre land have been of paramount importance to the socio -economic development of the Nigerian state to the detriment of the Ikwerre people. Unfortunately, Ikwerre people have been denied not only access to these resources by the feder al government, but its benefits and enjoyment thereby keeping the place perpetually under developed and with extreme poverty and neglect. It is within this context that the issues relating to its youth restiveness and the attendant socio-economic deprivati on need to be properly examined in this work. Keywords: Resources, Exploration, Deprivation, Restiveness, Development. Introduction Emohua Local Government is to Ikwerre what Ikwerre is to Rivers State and what Rivers State is to Nigeria in terms of strat egic geographical location, population, overwhelming political votes in elections, massive endowment of natural resources etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Ikwerre Intergroup Relations and Its Impact on Their Culture
    83 AFRREV VOL. 11 (2), S/NO 46, APRIL, 2017 AN INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, ETHIOPIA AFRREV VOL. 11 (2), SERIAL NO. 46, APRIL, 2017: 83-98 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v11i2.7 Ikwerre Intergroup Relations and its Impact on Their Culture Chinda, C. Izeoma Department of Foundation Studies Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola Phone No: +234 703 667 4797 E-mail: [email protected] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract This paper examined the intergroup relations between the Ikwerre of the Niger Delta, South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria and its impact on their culture. It analyzed the Ikwerre relations with her Kalabari and Okrika coastal neighbours, as well as the Etche, Eleme, Ekpeye, Ogba Abua and the Igbo of Imo state hinterland neighbours. The paper concluded that the internal developments which were stimulated by their contacts impacted significantly on their culture. Key words: Ikwerre, Intergroup Relations, Developments, Culture, Neighbour. Introduction Geographical factors aided the movement of people from one ecological zone to another in migration or interdependent relationships of trade exchange. These exchanges and contacts occurred even in pre-colonial times. The historical roots of inter-group relations of the Ikwerre with her neighbours, dates back to pre-colonial times but became prevalent from the 1850 onward when the Atlantic trade became emphatic on agrarian products as raw materials to the industrial western world. This galvanized the hitherto existing inter-group contact between the Ikwerre and her neighbouring potentates. Copyright © International Association of African Researchers and Reviewers, 2006-2017: www.afrrevjo.net.
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: a Case Study of Rivers State: 1999 – 2007
    Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, Vol.2. No.2 2010 DEMOCRACY AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF RIVERS STATE: 1999 – 2007 Nekabari Johnson Nna & Prince Ikechukwu Igwe ABSTRACT This paper seeks to examine the extent to which Nigeria’s democratic experience (1999-2007) has elevated the living standards of the majority of the people. It specifically aimed at search lighting the impact of the regime’s key poverty reduction strategies vis-à-vis the overall poverty situation in the country in general and Rivers State in particular. The study focused on two poverty reduction strategies: National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) and the Rivers State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (RIVSEEDS). The study utilized the primary and secondary sources of data in realizing its central objective. The Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) method was also adopted in the course of this research work. The sample population was drawn from ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Rivers State; Port Harcourt, Obio/Akpor, Ikwerre, Emohua, Etche, Omuma, Ahoada East, Ahoada West, Abua/Odual and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs. The research work employed the Political Economy (P.E.) method of analysis. The PE approach elucidates in very clear terms how the policies and reforms of successive governments in Nigeria have debilitated the productive forces of a great number of her population. The findings of this study showed that the democratic experience has impacted little to the poverty situation of the people of Rivers State. It also revealed that the present government’s poverty reduction programme is yet to be complemented by other macroeconomic policies to yield the desired results of poverty reduction, wealth creation and capacity building.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review Assessment of Corrosion of Mild Steel Buried in Soils of the Niger
    International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review Available Online at: www.ijcrr.info ISSN: 0976-4852 Volume 11|Issue 01, January, 2020| Assessment of Corrosion of Mild Steel Corresponding Author: Buried In Soils of the Niger Delta, Nigeria G.C. ONWUGBUTA Received: 2019-12-20 1G.C. ONWUGBUTA 2G.N. JOHN Accepted 2020-01-18 Publish Online 2020-01-21 1 Department of Biochemistry/Chemistry Technology, 2 School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.780 Abstract: This study determines the corrosion rate and percent weight loss of mild steel buried in soils of the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Six geologic zones representing the upland and wetland soils were used for the assessment. The corrosion rates of mild steel in these soils were monitored to assess the extent of corrosion. However, the upland soils (Odagwa, Ogoni, Ahoada and Omoku) were more resistant to corrosion than the wetland (Kaiama and Elebele) soils. The corrosion rate of mild steel at the 24th month was in the following order of corrosivity: Elebele > Kaiama > Omoku > Ahoada > Ogoni > Odagwa. The percent weight loss was higher at the 24th month, with the highest values found at the Meander Belt Deposits of Elebele. Alternately, the Coastal Plain Sands were found to have the least percent weight loss with the lowest value recorded at Odagwa site at the 24th month. The percent weight loss at the 24th month is in the following order: Elebele > Omoku > Kaiama > Ahoada > Ogoni > Odagwa. The variation in corrosion rate and weight loss of mild steel buried in the different soil types is caused by the aquic moisture regime of the soils, anthropogenic activities carried out, microorganisms present in the soils, and also, the physico-chemical properties of the soils.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenges of Developing Buguma Town As a Secondary City in Rivers State Nigeria
    KIU Journal of Social Sciences KIU Journal of Social Sciences Copyright©2019 Kampala International University ISSN: 2413-9580; 5(2): 19–30 The Challenges of Developing Buguma Town as a Secondary City in Rivers State Nigeria VICTOR OWITUBO CHARLES, NALUBA GOODY NWIEKPIGI Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt Abstract. This study investigated the challenges Keywords: Challenges, Secondary, City, of developing Buguma as a secondary city in Developing. Rivers State. This study made use of public opinion survey research design with a sample 1. Introduction size of 200 respondents. Data was sourced from the research instrument known as developing 1.1 Background and Overview Buguma Secondary City Questionnaire (DBSCQ) designed along the Likert-type 4-point The philosophy underlying regional planning scale rating. Data was analyzed with both programmes is that the problems of urban and descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple rural areas are intricately connected and should percentage was used to analyze the descriptive be so solved within a regional framework and inferential statistics. Simple percentage was (Slatter 2012, World Bank, 2011). Similarly, used to analyze the socio-demographic global economic activities and population background of the respondents while mean and dynamics are increasingly concentrated in big standard deviation were used to analyze the cities and as a result, urban research has tended research questions. One way analysis of variance to focus on large metropolitan areas at the (ANOVA) was used to analyze the hypotheses. expense of secondary cities which have been a The results of the study revealed that majority of rediscovery of the city in academic discourse the respondents were male 108 (54%); were (Marais, Rooyen, Lenka and Cloete.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission of Inquiry To
    Commission of Inquiry to Investigate all the Politically Motivated Killings and Damage to Property in Rivers State Immediately Before, During and After the 2015 General Elections COMMISSION OF INQUIRY TO INVESTIGATE POLITICALLY MOTIVATED KILLINGS AND DAMAGE TO PROPERTY BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN RIVERS STATE FINAL REPORT MAY 21, 2015 1 Commission of Inquiry to Investigate all the Politically Motivated Killings and Damage to Property in Rivers State Immediately Before, During and After the 2015 General Elections 2 Commission of Inquiry to Investigate all the Politically Motivated Killings and Damage to Property in Rivers State Immediately Before, During and After the 2015 General Elections TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction: Establishment, Schedule & Working Methods 47 2. Scope of Work of the Inquiry: Immediate Causes 57 I. Temporal Scope: “Events Before, During and After the 57 2015 General Elections II. Substantive Scope: “Politically Motivated Violence” 64 3. Methodology: Bases for Findings 81 I. Summary of Incidents Reported to the Commission 82 of Inquiry II. Analysis of Violations by Electoral Cycle 88 4. Remote Causes 96 5. Laws Applicable to Political Violence 109 Summary of the Allegations and Petitions Received 118 6. Recommendations 141 3 Commission of Inquiry to Investigate all the Politically Motivated Killings and Damage to Property in Rivers State Immediately Before, During and After the 2015 General Elections GLOSSARY ACN Action Congress of Nigeria ANPP All Nigeria Peoples Party
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release | July 5, 2021
    Press Release | July 5, 2021 Julius Berger Completes more Roads in Rivers The Rivers State Government has during the week commissioned more projects successfully completed and delivered well ahead of schedule in the state by the country’s engineering construction leader and most reliable infrastructure development partner, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc. The newly completed and commissioned road projects are William Jumbo Street, Ernest Ikoli Street, Eleme Street, Akasa Street and Obagi Street. Comprised within the Old Port Harcourt GRA, these roads are all well enabled with streetlights for beauty and nighttime security. Simultaneously, the Rivers State Government also gave Julius Berger the go ahead to commence the construction of two major infrastructural development projects. One of the new projects is the construction of Mgbuitanwo Road in Emohua Local Government Area. His Excellency, Senator Gabriel Suswam, former Executive Governor of Benue State was the guest of honor at the flag off ceremony. The other new project is the construction of the Rumuepirikom Flyover at Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. This flyover is statistically described as Flyover 9 by the Governor Wike administration in Rivers State. Both projects are part of the Urban Renewal Programme of the Governor Wike administration for which Julius Berger has been a dependable partner. The Executive Governor of Rivers State, His Excellency, Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, CON, fondly christened ‘Mr. Projects’ by the Rivers people, was present at the projects commissioning along with members of the State Executive Council, senior civil servants, traditional rulers, women and youths’ organizations as well as the management of Julius Berger Nigeria Plc.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers Conflict Tracker June 2018
    Conflict Incident Monthly Tracker Rivers State: May - Ju ne 20 1 8 B a ck gro und land and poor amenities in their Ethno-nationalism: In May, many members communities in Tai LGA. The protesters of the Movement for the Actualization of the This monthly tracker is designed to update marched to the Rivers State Government Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) were Peace Agents on patterns and trends in House, calling on the Federal government to reportedly arrested by the police in Port conflict risk and violence, as identified by the rebuild their land that was destroyed over 24 Harcourt. The supporters of the movement Integrated Peace and Development Unit years ago. were celebrating the ‘National Day’ and 18th (IPDU) early warning system, and to seek Criminality and communal conflict were key year anniversary of the agitation for the feedback and input for response to mitigate drivers of violence affecting women and girls sovereign state of Biafra. areas of conflict. (VAWG) during the period. Others: In May, a jetty, boats and other Patterns and Trends Violence Affecting Women and Girls marine equipment worth billions of naira M arch -M ay 2 018 (VAWG): In April, gunmen ripped open the were destroyed by fire reportedly caused by womb of a teenager who was pregnant and illegal oil bunkering in Obio/Akpor LGA. According to Peace Map data (see Figure 1), took away the fetus in Emohua LGA. Separately, rainstorm destroyed several incidents reported during this period Separately, five persons including a pregnant property, including buildings, cars, and included communal tensions, gang/cult woman were reportedly killed during a clash electricity poles in Obio/Akpor LGA.
    [Show full text]
  • Farmers Utilization of Insecticide Treated Bed Nets for Malaria
    technol ro og g y A Nlerum, Agrotechnology 2016, 5:2 Agrotechnology DOI: 10.4172/2168-9881.1000150 ISSN: 2168-9881 Research Article Open Access Farmers Utilization of Insecticide Treated Bed Nets for Malaria Prevention in Ahoada East Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria Franklin E Nlerum* Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics/Extension, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Nigeria Abstract The study examined the utilization of insecticide treated bed nets for malaria prevention by rural farmers in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The sample size of the study was 100 respondents who were randomly selected from farmers in the area who benefited from the free distribution of the nets by Rivers State Government. The questionnaire was used in eliciting data from the respondents. Data were analyzed with percentage, mean score and multiple regression. Socio-economic result shows that the respondents on the average were 40 years old, earned monthly net income of N24,184.00 ($121.38) and spent 11 years in schooling. More results indicated that while the ownership of the net was as high as 71.73%, the actual utilization was as low as 28.27%. Result of multiple regression analysis indicated a multiple determination (R2) value of 0.6333. Determinants of the utilization of the net were age, sex, occupation and educational level of the respondents. The two major constraints in the utilization of the net in the area were inadequate information and poor design and inconvenience of hanging. In order to improve the rate of utilization of the net in the area, the study recommends enhanced information which will lead to a better education of the beneficiaries.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    SFG2386 V4 Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) Draft Report For PUBLIC WORKS – Road Maintenance Public Disclosure Authorized (90 Lots) in Twenty-three Local Government Areas, Rivers State Public Disclosure Authorized By Public Disclosure Authorized Rivers State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR), Ministry of Budget & Economic Planning Under the World Bank Assisted Project and European Union July, 2017 SEEFOR Intervention Works, Road Maintenance, Rivers State Table of Contents Content Page Title Cover i Table of Contents ii List of Tables iii List of Acronyms iv Executive Summary v CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 The Project Invention Locations 1 1.3 Description of Proposed Activities 1 1.4 Need for ESMP 2 1.5 Approaches for Preparing the ESMP 2 1.5.1 Literature Review 2 1.5.2 Field Visits 2 CHAPTER TWO: Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental Management 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Federal Policy/Legislation 3 2.2.1 National Policy on Environment 3 2.2.2 Federal EIA Act No. 86, 1992 3 2.3 Rivers State Environment Protection Law No. 2, 1994 3 2.4 World Bank Safeguards Policy Triggered by SEEFOR & the Proposed Project 3 CHAPTER THREE: Biophysical Environment 4 3.1 Introduction 4 3.2 Project Location 4 3.3 Geology and Ecological Zones 4 3.4 Climate and Rainfall 4 3.5 Waste and Waste Management 4 3.6 Air Quality and Noise Level 4 3.7 Population of the Intervention Areas 4 3.8 Economy and Source of Livelihood 4 3.9 Culture of the People ` 4 3.10 Social Structure
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Term Evaluation of the Conflict Abatement Through Local Mitigation (Calm) Project Implemented by Ifesh Under Cooperative Agreement No
    MID-TERM EVALUATION OF THE CONFLICT ABATEMENT THROUGH LOCAL MITIGATION (CALM) PROJECT IMPLEMENTED BY IFESH UNDER COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 620-A-00-05-000099-00 JUNE 2009 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by ARD, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CALM Mid-term Evaluation team extends deep thanks to the some 200 project beneficiaries and partners of CALM in Delta, Kaduna, Kano, Plateau, and Rivers states who generously shared their time and thoughts during our interviews and discussions. We are also grateful to the IFESH/CALM staff for generously providing detailed information on their field activities and contacts, and for arranging a number of key interviews. IFESH headquarters in Phoenix kindly supplemented our documentation on the history and evolution of the project. We are grateful to a number of senior staff from government and donor organizations who expanded our understanding of present and future conflict mitigation and management initiatives in Nigeria. Special thanks goes to USAID Mission Director Sharon Cromer in Abuja for her warm welcome and interest in the evaluation; to the Peace, Democracy and Governance Team for their hands-on support; to staff and team leaders who shared their insights; and to MEMS for review of the project monitoring and evaluation plan. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the constant and conscientious support of our field research associates: Ali Garba, Institute of Governance and Social Research (IGSR), Jos; Rosemary Osikoya, Jos; Dr. Christy George, Kate Bee Foundation, Port Harcourt; and Kingsley Akeni, AFSTRAG Consults Limited, Warri. This report has been prepared for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under Contract No.
    [Show full text]
  • Institutionally Generated Crises and the Challenges of Economic Integration in South-South Nigeria
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 1, Ver. I (Jan. 2014), PP 19-27 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Institutionally Generated Crises and the Challenges of Economic Integration in South-South Nigeria Ebebe A. Ukpong1 & Moses U. Ikoh2 1. Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Sociology, Federal University, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Abstract: In this paper we examined the challenges posed by institutionally generated crises on the economic integration plans initiated by the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. The overarching objective was to identify and provide a systematic analysis of the embedded crises, outline their consequential challenges and provide the public and policy-makers a guiding framework to redirect paradigms towards ending the crises. Using the theoretical lenses of the Cognitive Institutional Perspective (CIP) – a combination of Neo- institutional theory and Cognitive theory – we explore the several features and complexes that influence the actions and reactions of the South-South Governors to the NBC new boundary regime and the pronouncements of the Supreme Court on the several cases of redress and interpretation that were before it. In order to end the face-off generated by the crises, we asked and answered three related questions drawing largely from documentary and media publication evidences. After discussing the challenges, we offer recommendations towards ending the crises. These include mediation by the South-South leaders, mediation by the South-South traditional Rulers, and intensification of effort toward the realization of the South-South economic integration to spur growth in the South-South States, among others.
    [Show full text]