DOCSLIB.ORG

Worcester County LIDAR Map OFR 2008-1005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Worcester County LIDAR Map OFR 2008-1005 Geomorphic Map of Worcester County, Maryland, Interpreted from a LIDAR-Based, Digital Elevation Model By Wayne L. Newell and Inga Clark, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192 Report Series 2008-1005 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Suggested citation: New Newell, Wayne L., and Clark, Inga, 2008, Geomorphic Map of Worcester County, Maryland, Interpreted from a LIDAR-Based, Digital Elevation Model, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1005, 34 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 2 Contents Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction...............................................................................................................................................6 Physiography ............................................................................................................................................7 Geologic framework...................................................................................................................................8 The LIDAR-based DEM map of Worcester County, MD .......................................................................12 Methods ...............................................................................................................................................13 New Details of Geomorphology and Stratigraphy....................................................................................14 Windblown sand sheets and dunes ........................................................................................................15 Terraces ...............................................................................................................................................16 Areas of raised-rim basins ....................................................................................................................17 The Raised-rim basin terrains include the following newly described atributes...................................18 Details of flood plains, tidal wetlands, and erosional remnants of braided channel deposits..........................................................................19 Pleistocene to Holocene contrasts ............................................................................................................20 Recent channel modifications and floodplain response..........................................................................21 Densely spaced agricultural drainage networks .....................................................................................23 Geomorphic features on Pleistocene and Holocene Transgressive deposits in litorral/back-bay environments of the Atlantic coast portion of Worcester County .....................................................................................................................25 Ephemeral anthropogenic land-use overprints ..........................................................................................26 History of the landscape interpreted from sequences of cross cutting topographic features (substituting space for time).......................................................................................26 Last Interglacial....................................................................................................................................27 Wisconsinan.........................................................................................................................................27 Late Wisconsinan (LGM).....................................................................................................................27 Early Holocene.....................................................................................................................................28 Middle Holocene..................................................................................................................................28 Late Holocene......................................................................................................................................28 Colonial to Modern land-use history ....................................................................................................29 Summary .................................................................................................................................................29 References Cited ......................................................................................................................................31 3 Figures 1. Location of Worcester County on the Delmarva Peninsula between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean................................................................................8 2. A complilation of Surficial Geology from Figure 2 of Bricker and others, 2003. ........................11 3a. Cross section of stratigraphic details of Nassawango Creek flood plain alluvium down stream from gaging station (see Plate 2)......................................................22 3b. Schematic diagram of geomorphology of flood plain along Nassawango Creek where bog iron deposits occur.................................................................................22 4. Ditching of the Pocomoke River watershed (from Bricker and others, 2003. .............................24 Tables 1. Depositional environments and relative ages of surficial deposits in Worchester County from outcrop and corehole data and cross cutting relationships. ..............................10 4 Geomorphic Map of Worcester County, Maryland, Interpreted from a LIDAR-Based, Digital Elevation Model By Wayne L. Newell and Inga Clark, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192 Abstract A recently compiled mosaic of a LIDAR-based digital elevation model (DEM) is presented with geomorphic analysis of new macro-topographic details. The geologic framework of the surficial and near surface late Cenozoic deposits of the central uplands, Pocomoke River valley, and the Atlantic Coast includes Cenozoic to recent sediments from fluvial, estuarine, and littoral depositional environments. Extensive Pleistocene (cold climate) sandy dune fields are deposited over much of the terraced landscape. The macro details from the LIDAR image reveal 2 meter-scale resolution of details of the shapes of individual dunes, and fields of translocated sand sheets. Most terrace surfaces are overprinted with circular to elliptical rimmed basins that represent complex histories of ephemeral ponds that were formed, drained, and overprinted by younger basins. The terrains of composite ephemeral ponds and the dune fields are inter-shingled at their margins indicating contemporaneous erosion, deposition, and re-arrangement and possible internal deformation of the surficial deposits. The aggregate of these landform details and their deposits are interpreted as the products of arid, cold climate processes that were common to the mid-Atlantic region during the Last Glacial Maximum. In the Pocomoke valley and its larger tributaries, erosional remnants of sandy flood plains with anastomosing channels indicate the dynamics of former hydrology and sediment load of the watershed that prevailed at the end of the Pleistocene. As the climate warmed and precipitation increased during the transition from late Pleistocene to Holocene, dune fields were stabilized by vegetation, and the stream discharge increased. The increased discharge and greater local relief of streams graded to lower sea levels stimulated down cutting and created the deeply incised valleys out onto the continental shelf. These incised valleys have been filling with fluvial to intertidal deposits that record the rising sea level and warmer, more humid climate in the mid-Atlantic region throughout the Holocene. Thus, the geomorphic details provided by the new LIDAR DEM actually record the response of the landscape to abrupt climate change. Holocene trends and land-use patterns from Colonial to modern times can also be interpreted from the local macro- scale details of the landscape. Beyond the obvious utility of these data for land-use planning and assessments of resources and hazards, the new map presents new details on the impact of climate changes on a mid-latitude, outer Coastal plain landscape. 5 Introduction LIDAR coverage of limited areas is becoming increasingly available as County and State Governments survey their terrain for assessment of hazards and resources. Although
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Accomack County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods and Guidelines
    W&M ScholarWorks Reports 9-2016 Accomack County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods and Guidelines Marcia Berman Virginia Institute of Marine Science Karinna Nunez Virginia Institute of Marine Science Sharon Killeen Virginia Institute of Marine Science Tamia Rudnicky Virginia Institute of Marine Science Julie Bradshaw Virginia Institute of Marine Science See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Berman, M., Nunez, K., Killeen, S., Rudnicky, T., Bradshaw, J., Angstadt, K., Tombleson, C., Duhring, K., Brown, K., Hendricks, J., Weiss, D., Hershner, C., & Comprehensive Coastal Inventory Program. (2016) Accomack County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods and Guidelines. Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering (SRAMSOE) No. 450. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. http://doi.org/10.21220/V58C79 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Marcia Berman, Karinna Nunez, Sharon Killeen, Tamia Rudnicky, Julie Bradshaw, Kory Angstadt, Christine Tombleson, Karen Duhring, Kallie Brown, Jessica Hendricks, David Weiss, Carl Hershner, and Comprehensive Coastal Inventory Program This report is available at W&M ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports/61 Accomack County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods and Guidelines Prepared By: Comprehensive Coastal Inventory Program Center for Coastal Resources Management Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary Gloucester Point, Virginia September 2016 Special report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering No.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012-AG-Environmental-Audit.Pdf
    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER ONE: YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER AND DEEP CREEK LAKE .................. 4 I. Background .......................................................................................................... 4 II. Active Enforcement and Pending Matters ........................................................... 9 III. The Youghiogheny River/Deep Creek Lake Audit, May 16, 2012: What the Attorney General Learned............................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER TWO: COASTAL BAYS ............................................................................. 15 I. Background ........................................................................................................ 15 II. Active Enforcement Efforts and Pending Matters ............................................. 17 III. The Coastal Bays Audit, July 12, 2012: What the Attorney General Learned .. 20 CHAPTER THREE: WYE RIVER ................................................................................. 24 I. Background ........................................................................................................ 24 II. Active Enforcement and Pending Matters ......................................................... 26 III. The Wye River Audit, October 10, 2012: What the Attorney General Learned 27 CHAPTER FOUR: POTOMAC RIVER NORTH BRANCH AND SAVAGE RIVER 31 I. Background .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nick Walker, Ph.D. ([email protected]) Kim De Mutsert, Andy Dolloff, Vivek Prasad, A
    Nick Walker, Ph.D. ([email protected]) Kim De Mutsert, Andy Dolloff, Vivek Prasad, A. Alonso Aguirre Joint Meeting of the American Eel Interest Group and the Sturgeon Interest Group December 12th, 2019 Why eels? Found in more habitats than another fish. Ideal for studies across a wide geographic area. Everyone talks about interconnectedness of ecosystems – eels live it. Connections with humans throughout history, opportunities for citizen science. A fish that can bring people back to nature. Adapted from Tsukamoto (2014). Fig. 1. American Eel sampling events Objectives Objective was to build a model of the subwatersheds of the Chesapeake Bay using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM); then add eel data, dams and land use. Goal was to create color‐coded maps of where eels are doing well and areas that might be prioritized for conservation. This study is follow‐up to our previous work on American Eel demographics in the Chesapeake Bay. Methods –Data collection Eel data from VA DGIF, MD DNR, USFWS et al. Elevation data from ASTER DEM (plus river data from USGS small scale maps). Dam data from The Nature Conservancy. Land use from Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium. Sources limited by 2019 government shutdown. Methods Delineating streams and watersheds in ArcGIS: Load ASTER tiles (30x30m resolution; 20 tiles for study area). Fill, Flow direction and Flow Accumulation on each tile. Raster calculator: SetNull(“bay_flowac” < 27778,1) This sets minimum threshold to 25 km2 (or 25*106)/(302) Stream Link, Stream Order and Stream to Feature on each tile. Watersheds split along mainstem every 50 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland's Wildland Preservation System “The Best of the Best”
    Maryland’s Wildland Preservation System “The“The Best Best ofof thethe Best” Best” What is a Wildland? Natural Resources Article §5‐1201(d): “Wildlands” means limited areas of [State‐owned] land or water which have •Retained their wilderness character, although not necessarily completely natural and undisturbed, or •Have rare or vanishing species of plant or animal life, or • Similar features of interest worthy of preservation for use of present and future residents of the State. •This may include unique ecological, geological, scenic, and contemplative recreational areas on State lands. Why Protect Wildlands? •They are Maryland’s “Last Great Places” •They represent much of the richness & diversity of Maryland’s Natural Heritage •Once lost, they can not be replaced •In using and conserving our State’s natural resources, the one characteristic more essential than any other is foresight What is Permitted? • Activities which are consistent with the protection of the wildland character of the area, such as hiking, canoeing, kayaking, rafting, hunting, fishing, & trapping • Activities necessary to protect the area from fire, animals, insects, disease, & erosion (evaluated on a case‐by case basis) What is Prohibited? Activities which are inconsistent with the protection of the wildland character of the area: permanent roads structures installations commercial enterprises introduction of non‐native wildlife mineral extraction Candidate Wildlands •23 areas •21,890 acres •9 new •13,128 acres •14 expansions Map can be found online at: http://dnr.maryland.gov/land/stewardship/pdfs/wildland_map.pdf
    [Show full text]
  • Deer and Turkey Tagging & Checking
    DEER AND TURKEY TAGGING & CHECKING Garrett Allegany CWDMA Washington Frederick Carroll Baltimore Harford Lineboro Maryland Line Cardiff Finzel 47 Ellerlise Pen Mar Norrisville 24 Whiteford ysers 669 40 Ringgold Harney Freeland 165 Asher Youghiogheny 40 Ke 40 ALT Piney Groev ALT 68 615 81 11 Emmitsburg 86 ge Grantsville Barrellville 220 Creek Fairview 494 Cearfoss 136 136 Glade River aLke Rid 546 Mt. avSage Flintstone 40 Cascade Sabillasville 624 Prospect 68 ALT 36 itts 231 40 Hancock 57 418 Melrose 439 Harkins Corriganville v Harvey 144 194 Eklo Pylesville 623 E Aleias Bentley Selbysport 40 36 tone Maugansville 550 419410 Silver Run 45 68 Pratt 68 Mills 60 Leitersburg Deep Run Middletown Springs 23 42 68 64 270 496 Millers Shane 646 Zilhman 40 251 Fountain Head Lantz Drybranch 543 230 ALT Exline P 58 62 Prettyboy Friendsville 638 40 o 70 St. aulsP Union Mills Bachman Street t Clear 63 491 Manchester Dublin 40 o Church mithsburg Taneytown Mills Resevoir 1 Aviltn o Eckhart Mines Cumberland Rush m Spring W ilson S Motters 310 165 210 LaVale a Indian 15 97 Rayville 83 440 Frostburg Glarysville 233 c HagerstownChewsville 30 er Springs Cavetown n R 40 70 Huyett Parkton Shawsville Federal r Cre Ady Darlingto iv 219 New Little 250 iv Cedar 76 140 Dee ek R Ridgeley Twiggtown e 68 64 311 Hill Germany 40 Orleans r Pinesburg Keysville Mt. leasP ant Rocks 161 68 Lawn 77 Greenmont 25 Blackhorse 55 White Hall Elder Accident Midlothian Potomac 51 Pumkin Big pringS Thurmont 194 23 Center 56 11 27 Weisburg Jarrettsville 136 495 936 Vale Park Washington
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Maryland's Coastal Bays and Atlantic Ocean Finfish
    Investigation of Maryland’s Coastal Bays and Atlantic Ocean Finfish Stocks 2014 Final Report Prepared by: Linda Barker, Steve Doctor, Carrie Kennedy, Gary Tyler, Craig Weedon, and Angel Willey Federal Aid Project No. F-50-R-23 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Fish & Wildlife Service Division of Federal Assistance Region 5 Annual Report___X_____ Final Report (5-Year)_______ Proposal________ Grantee: Maryland Department of Natural Resources – Fisheries Service Grant No.: F-50-R Segment No.: 23 Title: Investigation of Maryland’s Coastal Bays and Atlantic Ocean Finfish Stocks Period Covered: January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 Prepared By: Carrie Kennedy, Principal Investigator, Manager Coastal Program Date Approved By: Tom O’Connell, Director, Fisheries Service Date Approved By: Anissa Walker, Appointing Authority Date Date Submitted: May 30, 2015 ____________ Statutory Funding Authority: Sport Fish Restoration X CFDA #15.605 State Wildlife Grants (SWG) Cooperative Management Act CFDA #15.634 Acknowledgements The Coastal Bays Fisheries Investigation has been sampling fishes in the Coastal Bays for 42 years. Although the survey began in 1972, it did not have dedicated funding until 1989. Consistent funding allowed staff to specifically dedicate time and make improvements to the sampling protocol that resulted in significant beneficial contributions to the fisheries of the Coastal Bays. We would like to thank the past and present staff that dedicated their careers to the Coastal Bays Fisheries Investigation for having the knowledge, initiative, and dedication to get it started and maintained. Additionally, staff of the Coastal Fisheries Program would like to thank all of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) Fisheries Service employees who assisted with the operations, field work, and annual reports over the years whether it was for a day or a few months.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocomoke Floodplain Restoration 1,193 839
    Pocomoke Floodplain Restoration Freeing a Trapped River © Kent Mason 75 Years of Channelization Pocomoke is an Algonquin word meaning “black water.” The heavy vegetation along Key Accomplishments*: the river’s swampy banks decomposes as organic matter into the river, coloring the water an inky black. The river was a key trading route for Native Americans for at least acres of public lands 300 years before English settlers arrived. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, the river 1,193 restored was dredged and channelized, and its banks clear-cut of timber, with the objective of eliminating the flooding of farmland that had been established within the river’s acres of private lands watershed. What wasn’t understood at the time was the important role that the 839 restored river’s natural flooding cycles play in the health of the surrounding cypress swamp, which is home to a biodiverse ecosystem. Recent scientific studies led by The Nature Conservancy and the US Geological Survey revealed that a restored Pocomoke acres of private lands floodplain would have a significant additional benefit — water that flows through the planned for future 552 restoration river’s swampy floodplain is naturally filtered, removing nutrients and sediment from upstream agricultural runoff, before flowing downstream into the Chesapeake Bay. *Results reported as of May 2017 Freeing a Trapped River In 2012, The Nature Conservancy and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources joined the Pocomoke floodplain restoration effort being led by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service. The restoration of the Pocomoke floodplain is one of the largest ecological restoration efforts in Maryland’s history.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Stream Waders 10 Year Report
    MARYLAND STREAM WADERS TEN YEAR (2000-2009) REPORT October 2012 Maryland Stream Waders Ten Year (2000-2009) Report Prepared for: Maryland Department of Natural Resources Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division 580 Taylor Avenue; C-2 Annapolis, Maryland 21401 1-877-620-8DNR (x8623) [email protected] Prepared by: Daniel Boward1 Sara Weglein1 Erik W. Leppo2 1 Maryland Department of Natural Resources Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division 580 Taylor Avenue; C-2 Annapolis, Maryland 21401 2 Tetra Tech, Inc. Center for Ecological Studies 400 Red Brook Boulevard, Suite 200 Owings Mills, Maryland 21117 October 2012 This page intentionally blank. Foreword This document reports on the firstt en years (2000-2009) of sampling and results for the Maryland Stream Waders (MSW) statewide volunteer stream monitoring program managed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources’ (DNR) Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division (MANTA). Stream Waders data are intended to supplementt hose collected for the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) by DNR and University of Maryland biologists. This report provides an overview oft he Program and summarizes results from the firstt en years of sampling. Acknowledgments We wish to acknowledge, first and foremost, the dedicated volunteers who collected data for this report (Appendix A): Thanks also to the following individuals for helping to make the Program a success. • The DNR Benthic Macroinvertebrate Lab staffof Neal Dziepak, Ellen Friedman, and Kerry Tebbs, for their countless hours in
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Worcester County (PDF)
    Contents Worcester’s Original Locals ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Native American Names ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 From Colony To Free State ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 A Divided Land: Civil War .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Storm Surges & Modern Times ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 Our Historic Towns .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Berlin ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Ocean City .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Ocean Pines
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean City Harbor Inlet and Sinepuxent Bay Maryland Fact Sheet
    OCEAN CITY HARBOR & INLET & SINEPUXENT BAY, MD FACT SHEET as of February 2019 AUTHORIZATION: The project was approved by the River and Harbor Act of August 1935 in accordance with Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 38, 72nd Congress and modified in Document No. 60. It was also modified in 1954. TYPE OF PROJECT: Navigation PROJECT PHASE: Operation and Maintenance CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST: Senators Van Hollen and Cardin (MD), Representatives Harris (MD-1) NON-FEDERAL SPONSOR: Worcester County, Maryland BACKGROUND: The location of the Ocean City inlet is on the far eastern boundary of Maryland along the Atlantic Coast. The project provides for an inlet channel 10 feet deep from the Atlantic Ocean through West Ocean City harbor. The inlet channel width varies from 100 to 200 feet. The inlet channel is protected by two stone jetties at the entrance from the Atlantic Ocean. The project also includes a channel 6 feet deep and with widths that vary from 100 to 150 feet in Sinepuxent Bay from the inlet to Chincoteague Bay. The project also includes a channel 6 feet deep with widths that vary from 75 to 125 feet from the inlet into the Isle of Wight Bay. STATUS: The Ocean City inlet has a history of shoaling rapidly, especially near the entrance to the West Ocean City harbor. Limited maintenance dredging of the Ocean City inlet via one of the Corps’ special purpose dredges will be accomplished with fiscal year (FY) 2019 funds. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS – BALTIMORE DISTRICT 2 Hopkins Plaza, Baltimore MD 21201 https://www.nab.usace.army.mil page 1 of 5 BUDGET: Federal Funds Data Total Allocation for FY 2018 750,000 President Budget FY 20191 5,000 Allocation for FY 20192 255,000 President Budget FY 20201 TBD 1 The President typically sends the budget to Congress in February each year.
    [Show full text]
  • Chincoteague Discusses Possible Measures Ahead of July 1 Marijuana Legalization Abracadabra Or Fata Morgana — What Made the Sh
    CIRCULATION 10,000 Free April 23, 2021 Abracadabra or Fata Morgana — What Made the Ship Hover? Chincoteague Discusses Possible Measures Ahead of July 1 Marijuana Legalization By Carol Vaughn Chincoteague town council members at the April 15 meeting discussed im- plications for the town of the legaliza- tion of marijuana possession in Virgin- ia, which takes effect July 1. Other parts of the legislation, including retail sales, do not take effect until 2024. The legislation makes possession of up to an ounce of marijuana legal for people 21 and older starting July 1. Adults caught with more than an ounce but less than a pound face a $25 fine. On a recent trip across the bay, Shore native Ed Holland captured an image of a ship appearing to hover Vice Mayor Chris Bott said he re- above the water. He attributes the oddity to a phenomenon called fata morgana, a mirage caused by alter- ceived information from the Virginia nating layers of hot and cold air. Photo by Ed Holland. Municipal League about recent Gen- eral Assembly actions, including mar- ijuana legalization. Virginians Age 16 and Up Eligible for COVID-19 Vaccine “July 1, it’s on in the state of Virgin- By Stefanie Jackson Virginia adults are fully vaccinated. munity,” Northam said. ia,” Bott said, adding, “It’s a different All Virginia adults who want the Northam predicted every adult who “Vaccinations are the only way we world in these localities where this is COVID-19 vaccine are now eligible to wants the vaccine should be able to re- end this pandemic and get back to nor- on.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Piedmont Forests
    Spring 2009 Guide to Delaware Vegetation Communities Robert Coxe Guide to Delaware Vegetation Communities-Spring 2009 Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the contributions and help from the following people for this edition of the Guide to Delaware Vegetation Communities. Karen Bennett, Greg Moore and Janet Dennis of the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife Bill McAvoy of the Delaware Natural Heritage Program Dr. John Kartesz of the Biota of North America Program Dr. Keith Clancy and Pete Bowman, Ecologists, formerly of the Delaware Natural Heritage Program Ery Largay and Leslie Sneddon of Natureserve All people unmentioned who made countless contributions to this document. -Take me to the vegetation community keys- Guide to Delaware Vegetation Communities-Spring 2009 Introduction The Guide to Delaware Vegetation Communities is intended to provide a Delaware flavor to the National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS). All common names of communities, except for those not in the NVCS, follow the NVCS. This document is designed for the web and CD only, but desired sections can be printed by users. In this matter, paper and therefore trees can be preserved and impacts to the communities discussed within can be minimized. In spirit of saving these communities please only print those community descriptions that you will use or print none at all. The State of Delaware covers 1,524,863.4 acres of which 1,231,393.6 acres are terrestrial and 293,469.8 acres are water (Table 1). Currently 130 vegetation communities are known to occur in Delaware. Some of the largest vegetation communities/land covers in the state include: Table 1.
    [Show full text]