DOCSLIB.ORG

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHIUSOO5324717A United States Patent Is 11 Patent Number: 5,324,717 Berglindh Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHIUSOO5324717A United States Patent Is 11 Patent Number: 5,324,717 Berglindh Et Al HHHHHHHHHHHHHHIUSOO5324717A United States Patent is 11 Patent Number: 5,324,717 Berglindh et al. 45) Date of Patent: Jun. 28, 1994 (54) THERAPEUTICAL COMPOSITION 56) References Cited COMPRISING HYDROLYZED U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS CARBOXYLALKYL CELLULOSE 4,444,761 4/1984 Spiller ................................. 514/867 76) Inventors: Thomas Berglindh, Ripvägen 5, S-756 4,579,943 4/1986 Kamide et al. ....................... 536/98 53 Uppsala; Anthony de Belder, - FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Nantunavagen 36 F, S-757 57 Uppsala, both of Sweden 0189886 6/1986 European Pat. Off. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 21) Appl. No.: 941,119 - Danhof, Ivan E., Pharmacotherapy, vol. 2, pp. 18-28 (22) PCT Filed: May 3, 1991 and table 1, (1982). Pigman, W. W., Chemistry of the Carbohydrates, pp. (86 PCT No.: PCT/SE91/00317 530, 532, 545, (1948). Kennedy, John F., Carbohydrate Chemistry, pp. 48-49; S371 Date: Nov. 4, 1992 614, (1988). S 102(e) Date: Nov. 4, 1992 Primary Examiner-Ronald W. Griffin Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO91/16906 Birch PCT Pub. Date: Nov. 14, 1991 57 ABSTRACT (30) Foreign Application Priority Data A therapeutical composition comprising hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl cellulose, wherein alkyl is methyl, ethyl or May 4, 1990 SE Sweden............................... 90 O1592 propyl, optionally in salt form, which hydrolyzed car 51) Int. Cl.......................... A61K 31/72; C08L 1/28 boxyalkyl cellulose has a mass average molecular mass 52) U.S. C. ................................... 514/57; 106/1972; from about 200 to about 10,000. A method for providing 514/781; 514/867; 536/85; 536/89; 536/97; a laxative effect comprises the administration of such a 536/98 composition. 58) Field of Search ....................... 536/85, 89, 97,98; 106/1972; 514/57, 867, 781 12 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent June 28, 1994 Sheet 1 of 5 5,324,717 Figure 1. Score, 24 hours 0.5 1 15 2 2.5 ml/rat/day U.S. Patent June 28, 1994 sheet 2 of 5 5,324,717 Figure 2. ml/rat/day U.S. Patent June 28, 1994 Sheet 3 of 5 5,324,717 Figure 3. Score, 72 hours O O.S 1 1S 2 25 ml/rat/day U.S. Patent June 28, 1994 Sheet 4 of 5 5,324,717 FIGURE 4. Diarrhea Score CMC-Na iml E CMC- Na 2 ml In CMC- Mg 1 ml S CMC-Mg 2 m |---- H -Z2 DAYS-?lllllllll?” CMC adm.ØZ day 1-3 ZZZZZZZZZZ U.S. Patent June 28, 1994 Sheet 5 of 5 5,324,717 H-CMC 168 mg E H-CMC 335 mg | N-CMC 335 mg S N-CMC 670 mg T - - s N st at: 3 to es Sla o N On-R Ea s N C as R. N T |N T N. N. IN N DAY Mean+SEM, p<0.05, two tails. Adm. 2x7 m/3 days 5,324,717 1. 2 of gases, which may cause abdominal pains and also is a THERAPEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING social inconvenience. HYDROLYZED CARBOXYLALKYL CELLULOSE There is therefore still a need for an efficient slowact ing osmotic (bulk-forming) laxative with better effi FIELD OF THE INVENTION ciency than lactulose and lacking disadvantageous side The present invention relates to the use of hydro effects. lyzed carboxyalkyl cellulose as a therapeutical, a therapeutical composition comprising hydrolyzed car SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION boxyalkyl cellulose, methods of preparing such a com 10 An object of the present invention is therefore to position, and the use of hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl cellu provide an osmotic laxative which is more efficient than lose for the manufacture of the therapeutical composi conventional osmotic laxatives, such as lactulose. tion. Another object of the invention is to provide an effi BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION cient osmotic laxative substantially devoid of any detri Laxatives and catharitics are drugs that promote defe 15 mental side-effects. cation. Whereas laxative effect means the elimination of Still another object of the invention is to provide an a soft, formed stool, the term cathartic implies a more osmotic laxative which is cheap and readily available. fluid evacuation of the bowels. The laxatives can It has now surprisingly been found that hydrolysis broadly be classified into four major groups, viz. emol products of carboxyalkyl celluloses, and more particu lient laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, osmotic laxatives 20 larly hydrolyzed carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl or car and irritants. boxypropyl cellulose, have remarkable osmotic laxative The emollient laxatives, or fecal softeners, are drugs properties which far exceed those of lactulose and un that promote defecation by modest softening of the hydrolyzed native carboxymethyl cellulose (bulk-form faeces. Examples are dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 25 ing) while substantially being devoid of any detrimental some mineral oils. side-effects. Bulk-forming laxatives include various natural and Thus, in one aspect, the present invention provides a semisynthetic polysaccharides and cellulose deriva therapeutical composition comprising hydrolyzed car tives. These substances dissolve or swell in water to boxyalkyl cellulose, wherein alkyl is methyl, ethyl or form an emollient gel or viscous solution that serves to 30 propyl, said hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl cellulose having a maintain the faeces soft and hydrated. The resulting mass average molecular mass (Mw) from about 200 to bulk promotes peristalsis, and transit time is reduced. about 10 000 and optionally being in salt form. The Examples of bulk-forming laxatives are methylcellu hydrolyzed product may thus be a hydrolyzed carboxy lose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and vegetable methyl, carboxyethyl or carboxypropyl cellulose, or fibers like Testa Isphaghula. 35 Osmotic laxatives are small non-absorbable molecules mixtures thereof, but also mixed-carboxyalkyl substi which by osmotic force draw water into the intestines tuted hydrolysis products, such as carboxymethyl/car and can either be fast-acting like Glauber's salt (Na2 boxyethyl oligosaccharides, are intended to be encom SO4) or slow-acting like lactulose. From a mechanistic passed by the invention. The preferred hydrolyzed standpoint lactulose must be classified as an osmotic carboxyalkyl cellulose is hydrolyzed carboxymethyl laxative, but the function will be that of a bulk laxative, cellulose. For convenience, carboxymethyl cellulose is since water, i.e. a mass, is drawn into the intestine. hereinafter frequently referred to as CMC, and the Irritants, finally, induce water secretion and bowel hydrolysis product thereof as H-CMC. mobility by chemical action. Examples are bisacodyl, In another aspect the present invention provides castor oil, phenolphtalein, and anthraquinone glyco 45 methods of preparing the therapeutical composition. sides (Sennosides A and B). In still another aspect the present invention provides Bulk-forming laxatives like methyl cellulose and so a hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl cellulose as defined above dium carboxymethyl cellulose are hydrophilic semisyn for use as a therapeutical, and specifically as a laxative. thetic cellulose derivatives marketed under various In another aspect the present invention provides the trade names. Their laxative effect is, however, not quite SO use of a hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl cellulose as defined satisfactory. This is reflected by the numerous prior art above for the preparation of a laxative composition. disclosing the use of carboxymethyl cellulose as a car rier, thickener and additive for compositions with laxa BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS tive or cathartic action where the pharmacological The above and other objects, features and advantages effect is largely due to the presence of an active agent, 55 e.g. magnesium hydroxide, attapulgite, diphenolisatin; of the present invention will become apparent from the see, for example, EP-A-1 19479, GB-A-1 158 169, JP-B- following description and the appended claims, taken in 63026692, and FR-A-64982647. conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in The above mentioned osmotic laxative lactulose is a which: disaccharide consisting of fructose and galactose. The FIGS. 1-3 are dose-response curves for lactulose and laxative effect of lactulose is thought to be due to the hydrolyzed CMC-Na induced diarrhoea in rats after 24, lower molecular weak acids formed in the degradation 48 and 72 hours, respectively; of the substance giving a bulk effect by osmotically FIG. 4 is a score chart representation of a comparison binding water and thereby exerting a regulating effect of hydrolyzed CMC-Mg and CMC-Na induced diar upon the peristalsis. Lactulose has, however, several 65 rhoea in rats; and disadvantages in that it is needed in very large quanti FIG. 5 is a score chart representation of a comparison ties, is very slow-acting and that the degradation of hydrolyzed CMC-Na and native CMC induced diar thereof comprises the formation of substantial amounts roea in rats. 5,324,717 3 4. duration of the hydrolysis will determine the final mo-' DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE lecular weight range. INVENTION The depolymerization reactions may be conducted The hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl cellulose product in by heating a dilute solution, e.g. 1-20% (w/v), prefera the laxative composition according to the present in bly 5-15% (w/v), of the particular carboxyalkyl cellu vention consists of oligosaccharides of carboxymethyl, lose, or carboxyalkyl cellulose mixture, with an acid for carboxyethyl or carboxypropyl cellulose, optionally a suitable period of time. The acid may be a mineral acid mixedly substituted, or mixtures thereof, and has a mass or an organic acid. Examples of mineral acids are hy average molecular mass (MW) from about 200 to about drochloric acid and phosphoric acid, while trifluoro 10 000, preferably from about 300 to about 2000. The 10 acetic acid and formic acid may be mentioned as exam hydrolyzed product contains molecules of DP in the ples of organic acids. The preferred acid is dilute hydro range from about 1 to about 50. Preferably, however, chloric acid with a molarity between about 0.05 and the mean DP (DP) of the hydrolyzed carboxyalkyl about 1.5M, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.8M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplemental
    Supporting Information Aqueous Multiphase Systems of Polymers and Surfactants Provide Self-Assembling Gradients in Density Charles R. Mace1, Ozge Akbulut1, Ashok A. Kumar2, Nathan D. Shapiro1, Ratmir Derda1, Matthew R. Patton1, and George M. Whitesides1,3* 1Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, United States, 2School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, United States, and 3Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, United States *Corresponding author: [email protected] S1 Materials and Methods Materials. The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: alginic acid sodium salt, chondroitin sulfate A, dextran sulfate sodium salt, Ficoll, (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), polyacrylamide, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(ethylene glycol), polyethyleneimine, poly(methacrylic acid sodium salt), poly(propylene glycol), polyvinylpyrrolidone, Brij 35, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Pluronic F68, sodium chloate, Tween 20, Triton X-100, Zonyl, lithium bromide (LiBr), cesium bromide (CsBr) and benzene-1,2-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt. The following chemicals were purchased from Polysciences: poly(acrylic acid), poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt), and poly(vinyl alcohol). Dextran was purchased from Spectrum Chemical. Diethylaminoethyl-dextran hydrochloride was purchased from MP Biomedicals. Carboxy-modified polyacrylamide, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose were purchased from Scientific Polymer Products. N- octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was purchased from Calbiochem. N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N- oxide was purchased from Fluka. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was purchased from J.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancement of Some Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Glycol by Adding Carboxymethyl Cellulose As a Blends and Applied in Wood Glue
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 21 (2015) 12-23 EISSN 2392-2192 Enhancement of Some Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Glycol by Adding Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Blends and Applied in Wood Glue Karrar Abd-Ali Obeid1,*, Abdul-Kareem J. Al-Bermany1, Majeed Ali Habeeb2 1Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq 2 Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Babylon, Iraq *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The (PEG/CMC) blends were prepared by liquids mixing method, the appropriate concentrations of PEG were (0.1-0.2 to 0.8 g/mL)% are dissolved in (500 mL) of distilled water under stirring without heat for (20 min.) then added the CMC with two weights (0.25 and 0.5) g for each PEG concentrates at (288 K). In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of (PEG/CMC) blends the ultrasonic measurements were performed at these samples, these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus, were made at fixed frequency (f = 25 kHz), another acoustic mechanical properties were measured and calculated at a same time such as the ultrasonic wave amplitude absorption by using oscilloscope, then calculated the absorption coefficient and the transmittance ratio of the sound. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties results show that adding PEG effects on the density then on the absorption of the ultrasonic waves inside the blend samples. Finally applied this blend in various concentrations as additive to imported wood glue and found that increasing the adhesion force after adding comparing with pure.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Bran, Ispaghula, and Lactulose on Colon Function in Diverticular Disease
    Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.19.12.1144 on 1 December 1978. Downloaded from Gut, 1978, 19, 1144-1147 Comparison of bran, ispaghula, and lactulose on colon function in diverticular disease M. A. EASTWOOD, A. N. SMITH, W. G. BRYDON, AND J. PRITCHARD From the Wolfson Laboratories, Gastrointestinal Unit, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Surgery, University ofEdinburgh, and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh SUMMARY Bran, ispaghula (Fybogel), and lactulose were given to three groups of patients with diverticular disease for four weeks. Faecal weights, bile acids, fat and electrolytes, transit time, and colonic motility were estimated before and after treatment. Stool weight increased, notably with Fybogel. Cereal bran had the greatest effect on the transit time, reducing it significantly. There were no changes in faecal bile acids, fat or electrolytes. Coarse bran reduced colonic motility and the number of high pressure waves after food; Fybogel increased the basal pressure and was without effect on the food-stimulated pressures; whereas lactulose influenced neither. All agents paradox- ically equally alleviated symptoms. The symptoms of diverticular disease arise in Each patient was studied at home on his habitual patients who have, in the main, a small stool weight, diet. For one week stool was collected; at the prolonged intestinal transit time, and a raised start of the collection 40 barium impregnated intracolonic pressure (Painter, 1975). The rational markers were taken by mouth (Hinton et al., 1969). basis of the treatment of diverticular disease is Such markers not only give a crude estimate of principally to influence the raised intraluminal transit but act as indicators of the accuracy of http://gut.bmj.com/ pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 4,301,146 Sanvordeker 45) Nov
    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,301,146 Sanvordeker 45) Nov. 17, 1981 54 STABILIZATION OF 16-OXYGENATED 56) References Cited PROSTANOIC ACID DERVATIVES U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,826,823 7/1974. O'Rourke et al. .................... 424/80 75 Inventor: Dilip R. Sanvordeker, Elk Grove 3,965,143 6/1976 Collins et al. ...... 424/305 Village, Ill. 4,058,623 11/1977 Hoffmann et al. ... 424/80 4,127,647 1 1/1978. Sato et al. ............................. 424/78 73 Assignee: G. D. Searle & Co., Skokie, Ill. Primary Examiner-Sam Rosen Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Albert Tockman; W. Dennis Drehkoff Appl. No.: 173,292 21) 57 ABSTRACT A stable solid dosage form of the compound Eme 22 Filed: Jul. 29, 1980 thyl(7-3(a)-hydroxy-2-g-(4(RS)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl trans-1-octen-1-yl)-oxycyclopent-la-ylheptanoate, 51) int. Cl. ................... A61K 31/74; A61K 31/215; said solid dosage form comprising from about 50 to A61K 31/19 about 500 parts of a polymer selected from the group 52 U.S. Cl. ...................................... 424/80; 424/305; consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and 424/317; 424/362 polyvinylpyrolidone per part of said compound. 58) Field of Search ................... 424/80, 78, 362, 305, 424/317 22 Claims, No Drawings 4,301,146 1. 2 suitable solvent; (3) adding the drug solution to the STABILIZATION OF 16-OXYGENATED polymer solution; (4) stirring for from about 1 to 5 PROSTANOIC ACID DERVATIVES hours, preferably for about 2 to 4 hours at room temper ature; (5) adding, if desired, up to 1000 parts of a filler U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Drugs Used in Treating Constipation and IBS
    Drugs used in treating constipation and IBS Define constipation Know the different symptoms of constipation Know the different lines of treatment of constipation Identify the different types of laxatives Discuss the pharmacokinetics, dynamics, side effects and uses of laxatives Discuss the difference between different treatment including bulk forming laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stimulant laxatives And stool softeners (lubricants). Define bowel syndrome (IBS). Identify the pharmacokinetics, dynamics, side effects and uses of drugs used for IBS. extra information and further explanation important doctors notes Drugs names Mnemonics Kindly check the editing file before studying this document constipation and IBS Very useful. Don’t miss it Infrequent defecation, often with straining and the passage of hard, uncomfortable stools. - May be accompanied by other symptoms: Abdominal discomfort and rectal pain, Flatulence, Loss of appetite, Lethargy & Depression. Decreased motility in colon: Decrease in water and fiber Difficulty in evacuation: Drug-induced: contents of diet. 1. Local painful conditions: 1. Anticholinergic agents “Unbalanced diet” anal fissures, piles. 2. Opioids 2. Lack of muscular 3. Iron exercise. 4. Antipsychotics. 5. Anti-depressant, anti- histamine, has anticholinergic effect Adequate fluid intake High fiber contents in diet Use drugs (laxatives or Regulation of bowel habit. purgatives more watery effect) Regular exercise Avoid drugs causing constipation. • Drugs that hasten the transit of food through the gastrointestinal tract are called (Or we say the drugs that increase GI motility) (محركات) or purgatives(ملينات) laxatives • Loosen stools and increase bowel movement Bulk forming laxatives (increase the size of stool ) • Increase volume of non-absorbable solid residue. Osmotic laxatives (cause water withdrawal by sugar or salt) • Increase water content in large intestine.
    [Show full text]
  • Rheological Studies and in Vitro Release Evaluation for Different
    Iraqi J Pharm Sci, Vol.20(2) 2011 Clotrimazole emulgel Preparation and Evaluation of Physical and, Rheological Properties of Clotrimazole Emulgel Yehia I. Khalil*,1 , Abeer H. Khasraghi* and Entidhar J. Mohammed* *Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy , University of Baghdad , Baghdad , Iraq . Abstract Recently, emulgel has emerged as one of the most interesting topical preparations in the field of pharmaceutics. In this research clotrimazole was formulated as topically applied emulgel ; different formulas were prepared. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for their physical appearance , rheological behaviour , and in vitro drug release . The influence of the type of gelling agent (carbopol 934 and methyl cellulose), the concentration of both the emulsifying agent (2% and 4% w/w of mixture of span 20 and tween 20) and the oil phase (5% and 7.5% w/w of liquid paraffin) and the type of oil phase (liquid paraffin and cetyl alcohol), on the drug release from the prepared emulgels was investigated. Commercially available topical canestin® cream was used for comparison. All the prepared emulgels showed acceptable physical properties concerning colour, homogeneity, consistency, and pH value. Rheological studies revealed that all emulgels formulations exhibited a shear – thinning behaviour with thixotropy, indicating structural break down of intermolecular interaction between polymeric chains. Clotrimazole emulgels exhibited higher drug release than canestin® cream. The results of in vitro release showed that methyl cellulose – based emulgel gave better release than carbopol 934 – based one. Also it was found that the emulsifying agent concentration had the most pronounced effect on the drug release from the emulgels, followed by the oil phase concentration, which has a retardation effect, and finally the type of the gelling agent.
    [Show full text]
  • Methylcellulose, a Cellulose Derivative with Original Physical Properties and Extended Applications
    Polymers 2015, 7, 777-803; doi:10.3390/polym7050777 OPEN ACCESS polymers ISSN 2073-4360 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers Review Methylcellulose, a Cellulose Derivative with Original Physical Properties and Extended Applications Pauline L. Nasatto 1,2,*, Frédéric Pignon 2,3, Joana L. M. Silveira 1, Maria Eugênia R. Duarte 1, Miguel D. Noseda 1 and Marguerite Rinaudo 4 1 Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.L.M.S.); [email protected] (M.E.R.D.); [email protected] (M.D.N.) 2 Laboratoire Rhéologie Procédés (LRP), University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France 4 Biomaterials Applications, 6, rue Lesdiguières, F-38000 Grenoble, France; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-041-3361-1663; Fax: +55-041-3266-2041. Academic Editor: Antonio Pizzi Received: 5 February 2015 / Accepted: 15 April 2015 / Published: 24 April 2015 Abstract: This review covers the preparation, characterization, properties, and applications of methylcelluloses (MC). In particular, the influence of different chemical modifications of cellulose (under both heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions) is discussed in relation to the physical properties (solubility, gelation) of the methylcelluloses. The molecular weight (MW) obtained from the viscosity is presented together with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis required for the determination of the degree of methylation. The influence of the molecular weight on the main physical properties of methylcellulose in aqueous solution is analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
    Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Processing 1 Executive Summary 2 3 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was petitioned as an ingredient of hard capsules used for encapsulating 4 powdered herbs. This use is petitioned as an alternative to gelatin (animal based) capsules. HPMC has many other 5 uses as an emulsifier, thickening agent, stabilizer, gellant, and suspending agent. 6 7 HPMC is a cellulose ether, derived from alkali treated cellulose that is reacted with methyl chloride and propylene 8 oxide. The NOSB approved powdered cellulose, a less processed material usually derived from wood pulp fiber, for 9 use as a filtering aid and anti-caking agent in October of 2001. 10 11 All reviewers found that HPMC is synthetic and nonagricultural, but were not in agreement about its use in organic 12 production. Two reviewers felt that due to the use of synthetic hazardous materials to produce HPMC, it is not 13 compatible with use in organic products, and that alternatives can be developed. Another reviewer recommended that 14 HPMC should be allowed, and restricted for use only in non-gelatin hard capsules, finding a lack of alternatives for 15 this use. Two reviewers supported use in products labeled “made with organic (specified ingredients),” while one 16 believes it should be prohibited for all uses 17 18 19 Summary of TAP Reviewer Analysis1 20 21 95% organic Synthetic / Non-Synthetic: Allowed or Prohibited: Suggested Annotation: Synthetic (3) Allowed (1) In hard non-gelatin capsules Non-synthetic (0) Prohibited (2) 22 23 Made with organic
    [Show full text]
  • Horiba Scientific in Edi- Bottom to Top) of MCC, Sub-Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Hypromellose (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) Son, New Jersey
    ® Electronically reprinted from November 2016 Molecular Spectroscopy Workbench Characterizing Modified Celluloses Using Raman Spectroscopy Raman spectra of celluloses modified for use in the pharmaceutical, food, and materials industries are compared and analyzed, with the goal of determining spectroscopic features that can be of use in aiding in the determination of physical and chemical properties. Fran Adar ellulose is probably the most abun- the goal of then providing some insight restricted. The details of the modifications dant biopolymer on Earth and has into the chemical reactions between cel- (the chemistry of the substituent, percent C been exploited since the dawn of lulose and certain small molecules that can substitution, molecular weight, and so on) human civilization. Wood materials have change the physicochemical properties will determine the temperature of gelation been used in construction, and cotton of the reacted material. After that, we can and the viscosity of the products. Actually, and flax (linen) have been used for cloth- look at the Raman spectra of a few of these hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ing and other textile applications. During modified celluloses to assess whether the is an interesting example because of the later times paper was manufactured from spectra can be useful in characterizing the variety of ways that it is used. In pharma- cellulosic sources and used for recording final products. ceutical tablets, HPMC can be used as a information. protective coating, and as a rate controlling Chemically, wood, cotton, and linen Cellulose Background release agent in timed-release formula- are all identified as cellulose, but their For the first use of cellulose in a modern tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Suppressive Effect of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Transitory Diarrhea Induced by Ingestion of Maltitol and Lactitol in Healthy Humans
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2007) 61, 1086–1093 & 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954-3007/07 $30.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL ARTICLE Suppressive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of maltitol and lactitol in healthy humans S Nakamura1,2, R Hongo1, K Moji2 and T Oku1 1Graduate School of Human Health Science, Siebold University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan and 2Research Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Objectives: To estimate the suppressive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of a sufficient amount of maltitol or lactitol in female subjects. Design: The first, the minimal dose level of maltitol and lactitol that would induce transitory diarrhea was estimated separately for each subject. Individual subject was administered a dose that increased by 5 g stepwise from 10 to 45 g until diarrhea was experienced. Thereafter, the suppressive effect on diarrhea was observed after each subject ingested a mixture of 5 g of PHGG and the minimal dose level of maltitol or lactitol. Setting: Laboratory of Public Health Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Siebold University of Nagasaki. Subjects: Thirty-four normal female subjects (21.370.9 years; 49.575.3 kg). Main outcome measurement: Incidence of diarrhea caused by the ingestion of maltitol or lactitol and the ratio of suppression achieved by adding PHGG for diarrhea. Results: The ingestion of amounts up to 45 g of maltitol, diarrhea caused in 29 of 34 subjects (85.3%), whereas the ingestion of lactitol caused diarrhea in 100%.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Lignin Dissolution and Extraction: the Effect of Surfactants
    polymers Article Enhancing Lignin Dissolution and Extraction: The Effect of Surfactants Elodie Melro 1,* , Artur J. M. Valente 1 , Filipe E. Antunes 1, Anabela Romano 2 and Bruno Medronho 2,3 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] (A.J.M.V.); [email protected] (F.E.A.) 2 MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (B.M.) 3 FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The dissolution and extraction of lignin from biomass represents a great challenge due to the complex structure of this natural phenolic biopolymer. In this work, several surfactants (i.e., non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) were used as additives to enhance the dissolution efficiency of model lignin (kraft) and to boost lignin extraction from pine sawdust residues. To the best of our knowledge, cationic surfactants have never been systematically used for lignin dissolution. It was found that ca. 20 wt.% of kraft lignin is completely solubilized using 1 mol L−1 octyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution. A remarkable dissolution efficiency was also obtained using 0.5 mol L−1 polysorbate 20. Furthermore, all surfactants used increased the lignin extraction with formic acid, even at low concentrations, such as 0.01 and 0.1 mol L−1. Higher concentrations of cationic surfactants improve the extraction yield but the purity of extracted lignin decreases.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms and Thermodynamics of the Influence of Solution-State Interactions Between Hpmc and Surfactants on Mixed Adsorption Onto Model Nanoparticles
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy College of Pharmacy 2019 MECHANISMS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOLUTION-STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HPMC AND SURFACTANTS ON MIXED ADSORPTION ONTO MODEL NANOPARTICLES Salin Gupta Patel University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-8754 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2019.294 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Gupta Patel, Salin, "MECHANISMS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOLUTION-STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HPMC AND SURFACTANTS ON MIXED ADSORPTION ONTO MODEL NANOPARTICLES" (2019). Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy. 103. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/103 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Pharmacy at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]