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Conversation with Senator Harold Hughes

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Conversation with Senator Harold Hughes Addiction (1997) 92(2), 137-149 JOURNAL INTERVIEW—39 Conversation with Senator Harold Hughes Sadiy, Senator Hughes died on 24th October 1996. Senator Edward Kennedy svas shown a copy of this interview with Senator Hughes and has very kindly provided the following comment for publication: "This eloquent interview with Harold Hughes reminds me of koto much he accomplished in his extraordinary life and how much we missed him when he left the Senate. He was a powerful force for compassion and justice. His vigorous pursuit of fair treatment for persons battling addiction is legendary. He had approached his ovm problem with honesty and frankness, at a time when the rest of America discussed alcohol abuse in whispered tones, behind closed doors. Harold Hughes changed aU that, and brought hope and help to vast numbers of his fellow citizens. The country continues to reap the benefits of his work, including the establishment of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism at the National Institutes of Health. If vie see farther today on these important issues, it is because we stand on the shoulders of giants like Harold Hughes." A: Senator Hughes, your actions as a United States because there was no science in the way I got Senator in the early 1970s made you a towering sober, there was no medicine, there was no dry- figure—a hero—to researchers and clinicians who are ing out. I was, in fact, at the point where my first familiar with the history of US govemment policy wife filed a legal action to have me committed to dealing with problems uiith alcohol and other drugs. what we used to calJ an "Insane asylum" in the Almost single-handedly, you introduced the legis- 1940s, where we [alcoholics] were usually placed lation that created the National Institute on Alcohol in "tie-down wards" because that's what Abuse and Alcoholism. You advocated tirelessly for happened to alcoholics in the 1930s and 1940s. more funds for research and treatment. Then you After that I started working with men and inserted into the Drug Abuse Office and Treatment wonien who had been committed to mental in- Act of 1972 the language that ensured the creation of stitutions, attending meetings and doing those the National Instituu on Drug Abuse. Over the sorts of things through the 1950s. I committed years you have been a public advocate for treatment, my life in a spiritual way to try to restore my always asserting the fundamental humanity of those strength, my health, my faith, and whatever; I'd dependent on drugs. Before we discuss your accom- lost it all. So the 1950s was a growing period for plishments as a member of the United States Senate, me of faith. can we go back in time to help our readers under- I also worked in the trucking industry. I had stand what led up to those momentous years? Per- been a truck driver in the 1940s, and after that I haps we can start with when you were Governor of worked for the Iowa Motor Truck Association. I Iowa? then staned one of my own, called the Iowa HH: I'll go back even before I was Governor of Better Trucking Bureau, which brought me into Iowa. I sobered up in the early 1950s after a relationship with the whole political arena. I was pretty long and staggering trail of drinking heav- a Republican then, and I went to Repubhcan ily, including public drunkenness, and had been conventions. I went to a State Republican in jail in six different states, before I finally convention as a delegate. stopped. And I have to give credit for my sobri- ety to the fact that I took the old "faith" trail of A: Weren't you later elected Governor of Iowa as a getting on my knees and asking God for deliver- Democrat? ance to help me stay dry and stay sober one day HH: Yes, As president of the Iowa Better at a time. And I would have to say that's the only Truckir^ Bureau, I went to the Iowa governor, way I hung on for those first couple of yeare; who was a Democrat, Herschel Loveless, and 0965-2140/97/020137-13 S9.50 © Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs Carfax Publishing Company 138 Joumcd Interview protested the actions of the State Commerce booth. You know, the numbers of us who really Commission, which regulated the state's truck- had any interest in the problem were few. No- ing industry. And he said, "You're the most body cared, nobody wanted to do anything knowledgeable man I've ever known in the trans- about it. They especially didn't want to do any- portation industry. Why don't you run for the thing about the men and women in prisons or in Commission yourself?" I said, "I don't know that mental institutions. Alcoholics still weren't out I can," And he said, "Well, why not?" I said, of the mental institutions. We were still locking "Well, I'm a recovered alcoholic." And he people away for a life-time just because they looked at me and said, "Why should that stop were alcoholics. When their families gave up on you from running? If you're recovered from alco- them, they couldn't get out of the institution and holism, you're well. Why couldn't you nm for that was it. office?" And I said, "For a man in your position A: Were you able to change some of those condi- to make a statement like that is pretty uplifting to tions? me, because most people look at you like you've HH: Yes, we were. Along with the Governor, we just crawled out from under a rock when you say worked on interviewing those people and we got you're a recovered alcoholic." And he said, "By some changes made. And when Governor Her- the way, I'm told you're a Republican. If you're schel Loveless ran for the United States Senate going to run, I hope you'll change your political in 1960, I ran for Governor of Iowa. I was party. You should be a Democrat. I'm a soundly defeated in 1960 in the Democratic Democrat, and I believe you should run. You Primary. I never even thought about drinking don't sound like a Republican. You ought to after the loss. In 1962 I won the Primary, then rethink your political philosophy." defeated the Republican incumbent for gover- A: And did you rethink your philosophy? nor. I was the only elected Democratic state HH: To be brief, I did, and I ran for the State official in Iowa. Commerce Commission. I was advised by every- one that knew me that it was the wrong thing to A: What actions did you take as Governor to deal do, that I'd wind up getting drunk. They said I with the problems you had identified? HH: One of my first acts as Governor, when I should shut up, be a good boy, go home and took office in 1963, was to work to legalize sale forget this baloney. And I said, "Why? If alco- of liquor by the drink in Iowa. We were a "store- holism is a disease, as you've all told me it is, buying" state, liquor could only be sold by the then why is it any different from heart disease or bottle in state-owned stores. It could not be sold any other disease? Why, then, can't I seek public by the drink over the bar or in restaurants. Well, office? Even though I may have had the disease all the "drys" attacked me openly: what was I of alcoholism, I've recovered from it." They said, trying to do legalizing a substance that had "You're always recovering." I said, "No I'm not. caused my downfall? In my own Methodist I got well. The Big Book of AA even says 'recov- church there was a coordinated mission to defeat ered'—it doesn't say 'recovering'. If I didn't re- liquor by the drink. Much of the chxu-ch leader- cover, what did I do? And is abstinence not ship, including pastors, wrote me very unkind recovery?" They said, "Well, we don't know." I letters regarding my advocacy of hquor by the said, "TTien we should find out the truth, drink, I went to the bishop and I asked him to shouldn't we? We ought to be iookiiig for the bring his cabinet—his district superintendents— truth. And that's what I'm out for, to look for the to meet with me in the governor's mansion and truth, and I think politics is one of the answers to discuss the subject of alcohol and the church, and that's where we have to go to find out and to which he did, I explained to them quite clearly help ourselves." that the decision was not whether we drink or A: What was the outcome of your decision? don't drink; we made that decision with the HH: I won the nomination; I won the office, 1 repeal of the Volstead Act. Because Americans was serving a 4-year term on the State Com- had decided we would drink, the only question is merce Commission as Chairman when the Gov- how will we drink—whether we're going to drink ernor appointed me, in 1959, to chair a Citizens with sanity and sense, or whether we're going to Commission on Alcoholism for the State of drink with insanity, and bury it, hide it, and Iowa, We could have caucused in a telephone bootleg it.
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