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Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Antena Panjang (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) Di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Jawa Barat

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Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Antena Panjang (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) Di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Jawa Barat KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN KUMBANG ANTENA PANJANG (COLEOPTERA:CERAMBYCIDAE) DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN GUNUNG WALAT, JAWA BARAT MIHWAN SATARAL SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR BOGOR 2015 PERNYATAAN MENGENAI TESIS DAN SUMBER INFORMASI SERTA PELIMPAHAN HAK CIPTA Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis berjudul Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Antena Panjang (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Jawa Barat adalah benar karya saya dengan arahan dari komisi pembimbing dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apa pun kepada perguruan tinggi manapun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir tesis ini. Dengan ini saya melimpahkan hak cipta dari karya tulis saya kepada Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Oktober 2015 Mihwan Sataral NIM G352130211 RINGKASAN MIHWAN SATARAL. Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Antena Panjang (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Jawa Barat. Dibimbing oleh TRI ATMOWIDI dan WORO A NOERDJITO. Kumbang antena panjang (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) adalah serangga penting dalam ekosistem hutan karena ketergantungan mereka pada sumber makanan di berbagai jenis pohon. Dalam ekosistem, kumbang antena panjang memiliki peran penting dalam siklus nutrisi. Beberapa spesies kumbang antena panjang berperan sebagai polinator. Larva kumbang antena panjang, hidup sebagai pengebor kayu, yang cenderung memilih kayu mati atau kering yang sedang melapuk, dan beberapa spesies diketahui sebagai hama. Kumbang antena panjang juga dapat berperan sebagai indikator suatu kawasan hutan. Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat memiliki berbagai jenis tegakan pohon, diantaranya Agathis, pinus, dan puspa. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan kesamaan komunitas kumbang antena panjang berdasarkan tipe habitat di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2014 – April 2015 di lima tipe habitat hutan, yaitu hutan puspa, hutan Agathis, hutan pinus, hutan campuran, dan hutan alami. Koleksi kumbang dilakukan pada bulan September dan Oktober 2014 dengan menggunakan perangkap cabang berdaun segar dari tumbuhan nangka (Artocarpus trap) yang diikatkan di pohon setinggi 1,5 m dari permukaan tanah. Setiap lokasi penelitian dipasang 10 perangkap dengan jarak antar perangkap sekitar 100 m. Koleksi sampel dilakukan pada hari ke-4, 8, 12, 16, dan 20 pada bulan September dan ke-4, 8, 12, dan 16 pada bulan Oktober, setelah pemasangan perangkap dengan cara memukul (beating) perangkap. Spesimen kumbang diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Entomologi LIPI Cibinong, kemudian diverifikasi dengan spesimen koleksi di Museum Zologicum Bogoriense. Data kumbang dianalisis, meliputi indeks keanekaragaman Shannon- Wiener (H’), indeks kemerataan (E) menggunakan program R versi 3.1.3 dan indeks kesamaan Bray-Curtis menggunakan program PAST (Paleontological Statistics) versi 2.17c. Kurva akumulasi spesies yang diperoleh berdasarkan jumlah koleksi menggunakan program EstimateS versi 9 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Total jumlah individu kumbang yang didapatkan sebanyak 2065 individu, terdiri dari 7 tribe, 12 genus, dan 16 spesies. Jumlah individu kumbang tertinggi terdapat di hutan Agathis (655 individu), diikuti hutan campuran (416 individu), hutan alami (386 individu), hutan pinus (364 individu), dan hutan puspa (244 individu). Beberapa spesies memiliki jumlah individu tinggi, yaitu Sybra binotata (1247 individu), Ropica strandi (249 individu), Acalolepta rusticatrix (178 individu), Sybra fuscotriangularis (146 individu), dan Pterolophia melanura (129 individu). Keanekaragaman kumbang tertinggi ditemukan pada habitat hutan alami (H' = 1,80), diikuti hutan pinus (H'= 1,62), hutan campuran (H'= 1,267), hutan puspa (H'= 1,028), dan hutan Agathis (H'= 0.556). Nilai indeks kemerataan spesies tertinggi ditemukan pada habitat hutan alami (E= 0,750), diikuti hutan pinus (E= 0,703), hutan campuran (E= 0,509), hutan puspa (E= 0,428), dan hutan Agathis (E= 0,232). Kesamaan komunitas kumbang antena panjang antar habitat berdasarkan indeks kesamaan Bray-Curtis, didapatkan nilai tertinggi (0,75) yaitu antara habitat hutan alami dan hutan pinus. Jumlah individu yang didapatkan pada koleksi bulan September tertinggi pada koleksi hari ke-8 dan rendah pada koleksi hari ke-20. Pada koleksi bulan Oktober, jumlah individu tertinggi dikoleksi pada hari ke-8 dan rendah pada koleksi pada hari ke-16. Kumbang C. montanus, R. strandi, S. fuscotriangularis, M. javanicus, N. notatus, dan E. artocarpi merupakan spesies endemik di pulau Jawa. Kumbang Ropica marmorata merupakan catatan baru (new record) mengenai distribusinya di pulau Jawa. Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, kumbang antena panjang, Gunung Walat SUMMARY MIHWAN SATARAL. Diversity and Abundance of Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in Gunung Walat Education Forest, West Java. Supervised by TRI ATMOWIDI and WORO A NOERDJITO. Longhorn beetles are important insect in forest ecosystem due to their dependence on food sources in various species of trees. In natural ecosystems, longhorn beetle have an important role in nutrient cycling and some species role as pollinators. Larvae of longhorn beetles are wood borer and tend to choose dead or decaying wood and some species are known as pests. The longhorn beetles can be used as indicator of forest conditions. Gunung Walat Education Forest have various of trees species, included Agathis, pine, and Schima. The aims of this research were to study the diversity and abundance of longhorn beetles communities in different types of plantation forest at Gunung Walat Education Forest, West Java. The study was conducted on September 2014 – April 2015 in five types of forest, i.e. Schima forest, Agathis forest, pine forest, mixed forest, and natural forest in Gunung Walat Education Forest, West Java. Longhorn beetles were collected in September and October 2014, using branch of jackfruit (Artocarpus trap) with fresh leaves that tied up to tree trunk as high as 1.5 m from the ground. In each type of forest was set up 10 traps and the distance between the trap was approximately 100 m. Collection of longhorn beetles were conducted on days 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20, respectively in September and days 4, 8, 12, and 16 respectively in October, after traps setup by using beating method. The beetle specimens were identified in the Laboratory of Entomology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Cibinong and were verified with the specimen references in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense. Data of longhorn beetles were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index (H'), evenness index (E) using R program version 3.1.3 and Bray-Curtis similarity index by using PAST program version 2.17c. The species accumulation curve was contructed based on time of collections by using EstimateS 9, with 95% confidence level. A total of 2065 individuals were found from this study, consisted of 7 tribes, 12 genera, and 16 species. The highest number of individuals was found in Agathis forest (655 individuals), followed by mixed forest (416 individuals), natural forest (386 individuals), pine forest (364 individuals), and Schima forest (244 individuals). Some species have a high abundance, i.e. Sybra binotata (1247 individuals), Ropica strandi (249 individuals), Acalolepta rusticatrix (178 individuals), Sybra fuscotriangularis (146 individuals), and Pterolophia melanura (129 individuals). The highest diversity of longhorn beetle was in natural forest (H'=1.80), followed by pine forest (H'=1.62), mixed forest (H'=1.267), Schima forest (H'=1.028), and Agathis forest (H'=0.556). The evenness of beetles was highest in natural forest (E= 0.750), followed by pine forest (E= 0.703), mixed forest (E= 0.509), Schima forest (E= 0.428), and Agathis forest (E= 0.232). Based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index, similarity of longhorn beetles was highest between natural forest and pine forest (0,75). The number of individuals collected in September, was highest in day 8 and lowest in day 20. In October, the number of individuals was highest in day 8 and lowest in day 16. Beetles, Cleptometopus montanus, Ropica strandi, Sybra fuscotriangularis, Myagrus javanicus, Notomulciber notatus, and Exocentrus artocarpi are endemic species in Java and Ropica marmorata is a new record of distribution in Java island. Keywords: Diversity, abundance, longhorn beetles, Gunung Walat © Hak Cipta Milik IPB, Tahun 2015 Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang Dilarang mengutip sebagian atau seluruh karya tulis ini tanpa mencantumkan atau menyebutkan sumbernya. Pengutipan hanya untuk kepentingan pendidikan, penelitian, penulisan karya ilmiah, penyusunan laporan, penulisan kritik, atau tinjauan suatu masalah; dan pengutipan tersebut tidak merugikan kepentingan IPB Dilarang mengumumkan dan memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh karya tulis ini dalam bentuk apapun tanpa izin IPB KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN KUMBANG ANTENA PANJANG (COLEOPTERA:CERAMBYCIDAE) DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN GUNUNG WALAT, JAWA BARAT MIHWAN SATARAL Tesis sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sains pada Program Studi Biosains Hewan SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR BOGOR 2015 Penguji Luar Komisi pada Ujian Tesis: Dr Ir Rika Raffiudin, MSi Judul Tesis : Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Antena Panjang (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Jawa Barat. Nama : Mihwan Sataral NIM : G352130211 Disetujui oleh Komisi
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